Urban Livelihood

Urban Livelihood. Learning Goals: Occupations in Cities; Permanent Job; Casual Workers; Daily Wage Earners;

1. CLASS-6/CIVICS URBAN LIVELIHOOD Prepared by:- Pavan Kumar Sahu KV.Brgarh (TGT-SOST)

2. INTRODUCTION • There are more than five thousand towns and twenty seven big cities in India.  → Big cities like Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata etc. have more than a million people living and working here. The main reason for the increase in number of towns is migration.  • Villagers move to cities because of better facilities such as water, electricity, sanitation, education for children, employment opportunities, etc.

3. Working on the Street In big cities streets are occupied by vegetable/fruit vendors, flower sellers, newspaper vendors etc. Streets gets busy with buses, auto rickshaws. Large number of people work on the streets. They are self employed Decide themselves what to sell, how to sell and who to sell. Their shops are temporary. They can be asked to dismantle their shops any time by the police. Efforts are being made by many organizations and government to ensure these people th right to earn their livelihood. Hawking zones have been suggested. Mobile vendors should also be allowed to move around freely .

4. IN THE MARKET • There are almost one crore 'street vendors' in the country working in urban areas. There are many people who own shops in various markets of the city.  → These shops may be small or large and they sell different things.  • Most business-persons manage their own shops or business.  → They employ a number of other workers as supervisors and helpers.

5. Businesspersons People own shops in various market of the city. Showrooms selling variety of products are common. There are several things needed to run showrooms. Advertising in news papers, television, radio, cinema theaters, etc is done to popularize them. There are permanent shops that are given a license by the municipal corporation to do business. Various other services like banks, courier, etc. are also provided by the showrooms.

6. In the Factory-Workshop Area People employed in factories are mostly casual workers (called to work and have to leave according to the availability of work). → Casual workers have to work long hours in poor conditions without job security and other benefits. During the off season, the workers are reduced . Such workers are called casual labourers .

7. In the office area Many workers in the city who work in offices, factories, and government departments where they are employed as regular and permanent workers. They attend the same office or factory regularly.  • They get a regular salary. • Unlike casual workers they will not be asked to leave if the factory does not have much work