URINARY TRACT INFECTION PPTX IN DETAIL..

URINARY TRACT INFECTION
Definition: A UTI is an infection in any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, bladder, ureters, or urethra, typically caused by bacteria.

Symptoms: Common symptoms include frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, pelvic pain, and in some cases, fever or blood in the urine.

Risk Factors: Risk factors include being female, sexual activity, urinary retention, poor hygiene, pregnancy, and underlying conditions like diabetes.

Diagnosis: UTIs are diagnosed based on symptoms, urine tests (urinalysis), and sometimes urine culture to identify the specific bacteria.

Treatment: UTIs are usually treated with antibiotics. In some cases, pain relievers and increased fluid intake may help alleviate symptoms. Recurring infections may require further investigation.

1. URINARY TRACT INFECTION PRESENT BY; KOMAL SINGH NURSING TUTOR

2. INTRODUCTION UTI is an infection in any part of your urinary. Women are at greater risk of developing a UTI than are men. Among adults aged 20-50 years. UTIs are more common in women. The incidence of UTI increases in patients>50years.

3. DEFINITION A urinary tract infection is an infection in any part of your urinary system , which includes your kidney, bladder, ureters , and urethra.

4. TYPES UTIs are caused by micro-organisms or germs, usually bacteria. The different types of UTI can include; Urethritis - Infection of the urethra. Cystitis- Infection of the bladder. Pyelonephritis - Infection of the kidney. Vaginitis - Infection of the vagina.

5. ETIOLOGY Bacterial infection ( mostly E. coli) 80%. Candida infection. Sexual intercourse. Tight and synthetic clothing. Indwelling catheter. Under treated cystitis.

6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Bacteria or fecal organisms enters to urethra and bladder from perineum Attach and colonize the epithelium of urinary tract Avoid host defense mechanisms Initiate inflammation

7. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION Incomplete emptying of bladder. Burning on urination. Frequency. Urgency. Low back pain. Hematuria . Malaise. Chills, fever. Abdominal pain.

8. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION Urine culture. IVT (Intravenous pyelogram ). Cystoscopy .

9. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Ampicillin /amoxicillin. Doxycycline . Ciprofloxacin. Norfloxacin . Ceftriaxone . Levofloxacin .

10. COMPLICATION Recurrent UTIs occurring at least twice in six months or four times in a year, most commonly in women. Urethral narrowing ( structure ) in men with recurrent infections. Increased risk of preterm birth and low birth weight in pregnancy. Permanent kidney damage. Sepsis ( a permanent life threatening , whole body inflammation response caused by a severe infection ).

11. PREVENTION

12. NURSING MANAGEMENT Assessment- Assess risk factors for development of cystitis. Take a detailed history. Collect urine culture and sensitivity specimen. Nursing management- Acute pain related to irritation of bladder and urethral mucosa. Altered urinary pattern related to urinary stasis, pregnancy and risk factors. Knowledge deficit related to prevention, medications, hygiene and fluid intake.