Use of Soxhalet and rotary evaporator for extraction

Biological techniques

1. Use of Soxhaletand rotary evaporator for
extraction
Prepared By : IrsaIkhlaq

2. •Introduction
ASoxhletextractorisalabequipmentdesignedforprocessingcertain
kindsOfsolids.Thesedeviceonlyrequiredwherethedesiredcompound
hasalimitedSolubilityinaSolventandtheimpurityisInsolubleinthat
solvent.
TheminimumtimeneededforaregularSoxhletextractionisnormally∼8
hours.
Asoxhelatextractorhasthreemainsections
Percolatorboilerandreflux,whichcirculatesthesolvent
ThimbleOfthickfilterpaper,whichretainsthesolidtobeextracted
Siphonmechanism,whichperiodicallyemptiesthethimble

3. •Invention
Itwasinventedin1879byascientistnamedFranzvonSoxhlet.
Itwasfirstinventedforthequantificationoffatinthemilk.
Thenithasbeenfrequentlyusedfortheextractionoflipidsin
agriculturalchemistry.

4. •Principle
Lipidinfoodpresentinvariousformslikemonoglycerides,
diglycerides,triglyceridesandsterolandfreefattyacidand
phospholipidandcarotenoidsandfat-solublevitamins.
Lipidissolubleinorganicsolventandinsolubleinwater,becauseof
this,organicsolventslikehexane,petroleumetherhavetheabilityto
solubilizefatandfatisextractedfromfoodincombinationwiththe
solvent.
Laterthefatiscollectedbyevaporatingthesolvent.Almostallthe
solventisdistilledoffandcanbereused.

5. •Components of Soxhaletappratus
Stirrer bar, Still pot
Distillation Path
Thimble solid
Siphon top
Siphon exit
Expansion adapter
Condenser
CooloingWater In
Cooling Water Out

6. •Working Procedure
1
•Solid material placed in thimble. Soxhletextractor is placed onto a flask containing
the extraction solvent. Soxhaletequipped with condenser. The solvent is heated to
reflux.
2
•Thesolventvapourtravelsupadistillationarm,andfloodsintothechamberhousing
thethimbleofsolid.solidmaterialinchamberslowlyfillswarmsolvent.Desired
compounddissolvesinthewarmsolvent.
3
•The solvent running back down to the distillation flask. This cycle may be allowed to
repeat many times, over hours or days. During each cycle, a portion of the non-volatile
compound dissolves in the solvent.
4
•After many cycles the desired compound is concentrated in the distillation flask.
After extraction the solvent is removed, typically by means of a rotary evaporator,
yielding the extracted compound.

7. •Advantages and disadvantages
•Advantages
Itisabletoextractsolutefrom
insolubleimpurities
Itismechanicallygentleon
samplesbutstillefficientsin
separation
Itisoftenusedasabenchmark
whendevelopingnewextraction
methouds.
Soxhletextractionisthatitcanbe
extractedmultipletimes.
•Disadvantages
Itistimeconsumingandlengthy
process.>24hrs
Itrequireslargevolumeof
solvent
Poorextractionofpolarlipids.
Duetothelargeamountof
solvent used, an
evaporation/concentrationstep
aftertheextractionismandatory.

8. •Applications
It is the most useful apparatus for Solid-liquid extraction in various fields
such
Pharmaceutics
Environment
Foodstuffs
Microwave Assisted SoxhaletExtractorused for the Fat extraction from
prefriedand fried meat, fish & bakery products
Microwave Integrated SoxhaletExtractorused for the extraction of oil
from: olive seeds, oleaginous seeds, Meats & bakery products .

9. Use of Rotary Evaporator
For Extraction

10. •Introduction
Arotaryevaporatorhasbeenwidelyrecognizedforitsexcellent
distillationandextractionperformance.Generally,itisusedto
removeavolatilesolventfromaliquidmixture.
•Invention
AsimplerotaryevaporatorsystemwasinventedbyLymanC.Craig.It
wasfirstcommercializedbytheSwisscompanyin1957.

11. •Working Principle
Arotaryevaporatorevaporatessolventsfromsamplesbyutilizing
theprinciplethatthesolventwillhavealowerboilingpointata
reducedpressure.
Thebasicprincipleofrotaryevaporatorsisthevacuumdistillation
ofthedistillationflaskundercontinuousrotation.
Theevaporationflaskisheatedevenlybyawateroroilbath,and
materials,withalowerboilingpoint,isevaporatedrapidlyunderthe
vacuumcondition.Thesolventsteamisrecycledinthereceiving
flaskafterbeingcooledbythehighefficiencyglasscondenser.

12. •Parts of Rotary Evaporator
Condensate tube
Evaporation flask
Receiving flask
Evaporation tube
Rotary motor
VaccumSystem
Bath kettle

13. •Rotary Evaporator’s Extraction Method
Theextractionprocessstartswiththewateroilbath.
Firstly,setuptheheatingtemperatureofthewateroilbath,whicharesupposedto
besameastheboilingpointofthecomponentstobeextracted.Duetotheboiling
pointswillbereducedwithdecreasingpressure,thecomponents’sboilingpoints
willlowerthanthatundernormalpressure.
Afterthecomponentstobeextractedgetevaporatedsuccessfully,itwillbe
transferredintothecondenserwheregas-phasesubstancewillbecooleddownand
becomesliquid-phase.
Theliquid-phasesubstanceiseasiertobecollectedthanthegas-phasesubstance.
Finally,afterthegas-phasebecomesliquid-phase,theextractedsubstancewillgo
intothereceivingflask,whichiseasyforuserstocollect.

14. •Advantages and Disadvantages
•Advantages
It has higher evaporation
efficiency.
It provide the better security
It is a more Convenient
Operation
•Disadvantages
Thesealedequipmenthasalimited
life,andneedstobereplaced
regularly.,andtakesmoretime.
Exposureofsamplematerialtoair
cancausecontamination
Theglasswareneedstobecleaned.
Ifthereisanyimpurityinthe
glassware,theextractedmaterials
willbenotpure.

15. •Applications
Arotaryevaporatorismainlyusedfortheprocessofevaporation,
concentration,crystallization,drying,separation,andsolvent
recovery,andespeciallyusedforthecontinuousdistillationoflarge
amountsofvolatilesolventsunderreducedpressure.
Withsomanyapplicationpurposes,thereisnodoubtthatarotary
evaporatorcanbeappliedinmanyareas.Forexample,itcanbe
usedinthesmallandpilotexperimentsandproductioninthe
biological,pharmaceutical,chemicalfieldsandevenfood-making
industries.

16. •Conclusion
Extractionisessentialforisolationofdifferentchemical
constituentfromcrudedrugmaterial.
Extractiondependsonpropertiesofmaterialtobeextracted.
Soxhalerdeviceonlyrequiredwherethedesiredcompoundhasa
limitedSolubilityinaSolventandtheimpurityisInsolubleinthat
solvent.
Arotaryevaporatorevaporatessolventsfromsamplesbyutilizing
theprinciplethatthesolventwillhavealowerboilingpointata
reducedpressure.

17. •References
https://www.rotovap.cn/rotary-evaporator/4433.html
https://chembam.com/resources-for-students/chemkit/soxhlet-extractor/
https://www.hawachextractionthimble.com/application-of-soxhlet-extraction/
https://chembam.com/resources-for-students/chemkit/rotary-evaporator
https://www.hawachextractionthimble.com/what-are-the-advantages-of-soxhlet-
extraction-and-general-soaking-extraction/