Users of accounting information

1. Users of Accounting information

2. “Accounting is a service activity. Its function is to provide qualitative information, primarily financial in nature, about economic entities that is intended to be useful in making economic decision .”

3. Users of Accounting Information External Users Lenders Investors Governments Consumer Groups External Auditors Customers Internal Users Managers Officers Internal Auditors Sales Staff Employees Owners

4. Users of Accounting Information External Users Financial accounting provides external users with financial statements (shareholders, lenders, etc.). Internal Users Managerial accounting provides information needs for internal decision makers (officers, managers, etc.).

5. Employees “ Employees are entitled to bonus at the end of the year , which is linked to the profit earned by an enterprise there fore , the employees are interested in financial statement. Thus , the financial statement also reflect whether the enterprise has deposited its dues into the provident funds and employees state insurance etc…….”

6. Employees will, therefore look for information on: Revenue and profit growth Levels of investment in the business Overall employment data (numbers employed, wage and salary costs) Status and valuation of company pension schemes / levels of company pension contributions

7. OWNERS “Owners contribute capital in the business and are exposed to maximum risk. Thus, they are interested in knowing the profit or loss by the business besides the safety of their capital. As a result the financial statement give the information about the profit or loss and financial position of the business.”

8. Lenders “Banks and loan stockholders who lend money to a business require information that helps them determined whether loans and interest will be paid when due.”

9. The key accounting information for lenders is therefore: Cash flow Security of assets against which the lending may be secured Investment requirements in the business

10. Investors “Investors are concerned about risk and return in relation to their investments. They require information to decide whether they should continue to invest in a business. They also need to be able to assess whether a business will be able to pay dividends, and to measure the performance of the business management overall.”

11. The key accounting information for an investor is therefore: Information about growth - sales, volumes Profitability (profit margins, overall level of profit) Investment (amounts invested, assets owned) Business value (share price ) Comparative information of competitors

12. Creditors “Suppliers and trade creditors requirement information that helps them understand and assess the short-term liquidity of a business. Is the business able to pay short-term debt when it falls due?”

13. Creditors will, therefore, be looking for information on: - Cash flow - Management of working capital - Payment policy

14. Public at Large “Public want to see the business running since it makes substantial contribution to the economy in many ways . Eg. Employment of people, patronage to suppliers, etc. T hus, financial accounting provides useful financial information to various users group for decision making. ”

15. THANK YOU