UV examination.pptx (questioned documents examination )

Uv examination (qd)

1. Ultra-Violet Light Examination Ultra-Violet light can be u sed for the examination of passport cover, st itching/binding thread, HAUV/laminated film, gu illoches/fine line pattern, fibres, fluorescent ink and is ca ried out using UV lamp/ torch.

2. . Passport Cover - There is three types of passport covers de pending upon the colour/class of passport. The front part o f the cover shows golden embossing over it. The Emblem of India is emblazoned in the centre of the front co ver. The word 'passport' (in Hindi as well as in English) ar e inscribed above the Emblem whereas ‘Bharat Ganrajya’ (H indi) and 'Republic of India' (English) are inscribed below th e Emblem. The back part of the cover contains punched pas sport number. When the passport cover is viewed under the UV light it shows Ashoka Chakra in both front and back o f the cover

3. Stitching/Binding Thread - Stitching thread [stitched in th e spine] is used for stitching the pages of a booklet of p assport. Stitching is sewn with a set pattern by using rever se stitching machine that is known as Saddle Stitching. The thread shows multi-coloured fluorescence with green, y ellow and red colour when exposed to UV light.

4. HAUV/Laminated Film - A laminated sheet is a type of pl astic sheet with invisible security features that is affixed to t he bio data page in order to protect data entries against fa lsification. Lamination is done by using HAUV [Heat A pplied Ultra Violet] film by fusing it at 160 to 180 degree C elsius temperature. The key aim of any security laminate is d ata protection: securing and protecting it from fraudulent alte ration. P reviously, lamination was present on the inner side of the p assport cover i.e. biographical page. But currently passport is having ‘double laminations’ on both the bio data pages (fro nt and back) and their respective back sides. Provision of do uble lamination has been included on pages 1, 2, 35 and 3 6. It is a new security feature implemented in Indian p assport to enhance the overall quality of passports as well a s to improve their security.

5. When biographical page is seen under the Ultra Violet light, it shows “GOVERNMENT OF INDIA” {Reddish in colour} re peatedly [in few lines] and “BHARAT SARKAR” {Greenish in colour, in Hindi} repeatedly [in multiple lines]. It has to be not iced that there will be only three lines of “BHARAT SA RKAR” between the both lines of “GOVERNMENT OF I NDIA”. The printed text on the laminated sheet can b e viewed under normal light. It means lamination contains visib le and invisible printing

6. Guilloches/Fine Line Pattern - Guilloches are decorative en graving technique by which a very precise intricate re petitive pattern or design is mechanically engraved into an un derlying material with fine detail. They are the traditional el ements of the document design comprising regular ge ometrical patterns of fine lines, which are produced by sp ecial machines or on a computer. These also serve as a sec urity feature against counterfeiting. Indian passports con tain guilloches pattern which is visible under UV light an d fluoresce with various colours in different wavelength i.e . Visa page shows light greenish colour of Guilloches Patt ern under UV

7. Fibers- Fibres are small, thread-like particles embedded in a substrate during manufacture. During the early stages of th e paper manufacturing process, small fibres with various colo urs and properties are randomly placed on to the paper . Fibers are the integral part of the paper structure an d can only be lifted away from the paper by mechanical m eans. Fibres may be visible without equipment or with UV lig ht sources.

8. Fluorescent Ink - Fluorescent Ink is used to print bac kground text or motifs. This type of ink is visible under vi sible light and fluoresces under UV light. Fluorescence is a sh ort-lived light emission which ceases within 10-8 seconds. Ultr aviolet light is not visible itself, only its effect, i.e. the vis ible fluorescence stimulated by UV light can be seen in fl uorescent ink. Indian passports show greenish fluorescence of all printed text.

9. Transmitted Light Examination -In transmitted light exa mination, passport is held between the light source and eye as shown in the diagram. Watermark is exa mined by using transmitted light.

10. Watermark- A watermark is a translucent design pr oduced during the paper manufacturing process and it co ntains tonal gradation, formed in the paper or other sub strate. It is created by the displacement of paper by making certain areas of the paper slightly thinner or thicker than the rest of the sheet. Side light may be used to recognize the uneven structure of a watermark. The watermark should not appear under UV light. Indian passport contains single tone watermark that is of dark shade. Indian passport contains 2 and ½ Ashoka Pillar as head to head or tail to tail condition on each page except biographical page

11. Oblique Light Examination - Oblique light is impacted fr om the side with at a shallow angle and used to examine dicu ts in Passport

12. Dicuts- Dicuts are the type of horizontal/ oblique lines, wh ich are present in front and back page of biographical pa ge. In earlier passports ‘two special dicuts’ were formed o n biographical page having shape of Ashoka Pillar form. But no w in the recent passport, it is eliminated.