Vaitarana basti

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1. WELCOME

2. VAITARANA BASTI PRESENTER : DR. SAYANTAN BERA 2 nd YEAR P.G. SCHOLAR DEPARTMENT OF PANCHAKARMA D.G.M.A.M.C. GADAG

3. CONTENTS Introduction Basti –Derivation, Definition Classification of basti Superiority of basti Vaitarana basti introduction Vaitarana basti in classics Acc.to.Chakradutta Acc.to Vangasena Preparation method Selection of vaitarana basti Application in different diseases Speciality vaitarana basti Probable mode of action Discussion Conclusion References

4. INTRODUCTION Basti is one among the Shodhana karma. Vaitarana basti is classified on the basis of its different combination of dravyas. It is explained by Vangasena & chakradutta .

5. CONT…. Indicated in diseases which are having Amadosha predominance, shoola,etc . And Vata- kaphaja disorders.

6. BASTI ETYMOLOGY The word Basti is derived from the root ‘vas’ by adding ‘ Tich ’ pratyaya . वसु निवासे । वसु स्नेहाच्छादने प्रहर्णेषु । औषधदानर्थे द्रव्यभेदे ।

7. DEFINITION बस्तिना दीयते बस्तिं वा पूर्वं अन्वेत्यतो बस्ति: । अ.स.सू.२८/२ बस्तिभि: दीयते यस्मात् तस्मात् बस्तिरिति स्मृत || वङ्गसेन,बस्ति/५ बस्तिर्यस्मादवस्तिभिर्दियते गुददेशे तस्मात् वस्तिरिति स्मृत:। गूढार्थदीपिक बस्तिर्गुदप्रणिधेय: स्नेहक्वाथादिर्वातस्य परमौषधम्। अ.स.सू.१/३८,इन्दु

8. CLASSIFICATION OF BASTI Basti Pakwashayagata Mutrashayagata Garbhashayagat Sneha Sneha basti Anuvasana basti Niruha Matra basti

9. बस्तिर्द्विधाऽनुवासाख्यो निरूहश्च तत: परम् । शा.उ.५/१ अनुवासन बस्ति: अनुवासन अपि न दुष्यत्य्नुदिवसं वा दीयते इत्यनुवसन:॥ सु.चि.३५/१८ य: स्नेहैर्दीयते स स्यादनुवासनं॥ यो.र,भा.प्र,वङ्गसेन,शा.उ.५/२ निरूह बस्ति: स दोष निर्हरणात् शरीर दोषहरणद्वा निरूह: । वय: स्थापनात् आयु: स्थापनात् या आस्थापनम् ॥ सु.चि.३५/१८

10. ON THE BASIS OF ADHISTHANA 1.Pakwashaya gata basti: a) Sneha basti b) Niruha basti

11. SNEHA BASTI i ) Sneha Basti: The quantity of sneha basti is 1/4 th of Niruha i.e,6pala ii) Anuvasana basti: The quantity of this basti is ½ of sneha basti. i.e,3pala iii) Matra basti: Minimum quantity of sneha i.e , 1 ½ pala

12. 2) GARBHASHAYA GATA BASTI: The drugs are administered through the vagina into the uterus 3) MUTRASHAYAGATA BASTI: The drugs are administered through the urethra ito the urinary bladder These both together are called as Uttara basti.

13. MISCELLANEOUS CLASSIFICATION OF BASTI: Acharyas have given special names to some basti, such type of Basti are mentioned under this classification Vaitarana basti ( Chakradutta / vangasena ) Siddha basti Madhutailika basti

14. SUPERIORITY AND IMPORTENCE OF BASTI शाखागता: कोष्टगताश्चा रोगा मर्मोर्ध्वसर्वावयवांगजाश्च । ये सन्ति तेषां न हि कश्चिदन्यो वायो: परं जन्मनि हेतुरस्ति ॥ विण्मूत्रपित्तादिमलाशयानां विक्षेपसंघातकर: स यस्मात् । तस्यातिवृद्धस्य शमाय नान्याद् बस्तिं विना भेषजमस्ति किंचित् ॥ तस्मात् चिकित्सार्धं इति बृवन्ति सर्वां चिकित्सामपि बस्तिमेके । च.सि.१/३८-४०

15. VAITARANA BASTI

16. Vaitarana is the name of river, which a person is supposed to cross during his death. This basti is powerful in a sense that it can bring back life of a person who is about to cross the Vaitarana river . ( Ref: Shabdakalpadruma )

17. The term Vaitarana has been made from the word “ Vitaranam ”, which literary means to donate, go across, to leave which help to expel out the Dosha. Thus, we can say that Vaitarana Basti help to expel out the morbid Dosha from the body and thereby giving relief in the disease.

18. Vaitarana basti is explained in samhitas like Vangasena samhita and Chakradatta . Vaitarana basti is mentioned in Vangasena samhitha in Bastikarma Adhikara ( Shloka 186-190). Even Chakradatta has mentioned Vaitarana basti in Nirooha Adhikara (73/32).

19. Nirooha basti contains some ingredients that are common to all bastis . They are makshika , lavana , sneha , kalka , kwatha and They are mixed according to this sequence only. (Cha.si.3/23) According to acharya Sushruta first we have to take saindhava lavana,then makshika , sneha , kalka , and kwatha and they are mixed according to this sequence only. (Su.chi.38/33) But in Vaitharana basti method of preparation is not mentioned.

20. INGREDIENTS

21. CHAKRADATTA पलशुक्तिकर्ष कुडवैरम्लीगुड सिन्धुजन्मगोमूत्रै: । तैलयुतोऽयं बस्ति: शूलानाहामवातहर: ॥ वैतरण: क्षारबस्तिर्भुक्ते चापि प्रदीर्यते ॥ ( चक्रदत्त,निरूहाधिकार )

22. Saindhava Lavana – 1 Karsha . (12gms) Guda – ½ Pala. (24gm) Tila Taila – Eeshat (60-70ml) Amleeka – 1 Pala. (48gms) Gomutra – 1 Kudava . (192ml)

23. VANGASENA सिन्धूद्भवस्य कर्षमम्लोकाया: पलं गुडार्धपलं । सुरभीपयस: कुडव: सवैरेतै: कृतो बस्ति :॥ 186 ॥ इषत्तैलयुतोयं भुक्ते दत्ते निहन्ति रोगगणम् । कट्यूरूपृष्ठशोथ शूलं चामानिलं घोरम् ॥ 187 ॥ चिरमवमूरूस्तम्भं गृध्रसिरोगं च जानुसंकोचम् । विषमज्वराणि घोरं क्लैब्य्च्च् विनाशतायशु ॥ 188 ॥ बस्ति र्वैतरणोक्तो गुणगणयुक्त: सुविख्यात:।। 189 ॥ वङगसेन.बस्ति अधिकार

24. Saindhava Lavana – 1 Karsha . (12gms) Guda – ½ Pala. (24gm) Tila Taila – Eeshat ( 60-70ml ) Amleeka – 1 Pala. (48gms) Surabhipayasa –1 Kudava . (192ml)

25. SAINDHAVA LAVANA लवणो रस: पाचन: क्लेदनो दीपनश्चावनश्छेदनो भेदनस्तीक्ष्ण: सरो विकास्यध: स्रस्यवकाशकरई वातहर: स्तम्भबन्धसंघातविधमन: कफं विष्यन्दयति,मार्गान् विशोधयति,सर्वशरीरावयवान् मृदुकरोति...॥ च.सू.२६

26. This is the best in the lavanavarga . Rock salt is the common name for the mineral Halite. Components - NaCl can have impurities of gypsum or transparent cubes. It has a pure saline taste. Rasa - lavana Guna - laghu , snigdha , sukshma . Veerya - ushna . Vipaka - madhura . Properties - Chakshushya , hridya , ruchikara , promotes appetite and assists digestion and assimilation. It posses a stronger purgative property

27. Action in Basti Due to its Sukshma and Tikshna properties, it helps to pass the drug molecule in systemic circulation through mucosa. Thus, it helps the Basti Dravya to reach up to the molecular level. It is also helpful for the elimination of waste due to its irritant property. It is capable of liquifying the viscid matter and breaking it into minute particles.

28. GUDA पित्तघ्नो मधुर: स्निग्धो वातहासृक्प्रसादन: । स पूराणोऽधिकगुणो गुड: पथ्यतमो मत: ॥ वङग्सेन,द्रवद्रव्याधिकार ,६७ हृध्य: पुराण: पथ्याश्च नव: श्लेष्माग्निसादकृत् । अ.सं.सू.६/५४ गुड: सक्षारमधुरो नातिशीत: स्निग्धो मूत्ररक्तशोधनो नातिपित्तजिद् वातघ्नो मेद: कफकरो बल्यो वृष्याश्च ॥ सु.सू.४५/१६०

29. Rasa - Madhura Guna - Kshara , snigdha . Veerya - Natiseeta Vipaka - Madhura Chemical constituents : The good quality jaggery contains.. Moisture-3.6%, sucrose -6.85%, invert sugar-10-15%, ash2.5%, protein-4%, minerals-6 %, calcium-80mg/100gm, phosphorus-40mg/100gm, iron-11.4mg/100gm. It also contains Carotene,vit A, Thiamene,0.02mg, nicotinic acid 10mg/100gm.

30. ACTION IN BASTI In this Basti instead of honey ( Madhu ) guda is used. It along with Saindhava makes homogenous mixture, to form a solution having properties to permeable the water easily. Here, Purana Guda should be taken as it is Laghu , Pathya , Anabhishyandi , Agnivardhaka , Vatapittaghna . It also helps in carrying the drug up to micro-cellular level.

31. TILA TAILA .................... तीक्ष्णं व्यवायि च । त्वग्दोषकृदचक्षुष्यं सूक्ष्मोष्णं कफकृन्न च । कृशानां बृह्मणायालं स्थूलानां कर्शनाय च ॥ बद्धविट्कं कृमिघ्नं च संस्कारात्सर्वरोगजित् । अ.सं.सू.६/९९-१००

32. By taila moorchana the unpleasant odour of the oil is changed, amadosha is removed and good color and fragrance are obtained. It enhances the potency of the taila also. Guna - Sukshma , vyavayi , vishada , guru, sara , vikashi , teekshna , Rasa - Madhura , tikta -accompanying kashaya himasparsha .

33. PROPERTIES – Vataghna , aggravates pitta, does not aggravate kapha , deepana , pachana , brimhana , balya , preenana , lekhana , promotes skin health, intellect, digestivepower , health of eyes, complexion, strength and stability of mamsadhatu , krimigna , good for hair, cleanses the garbhashaya and yoni, helps in overcoming aging process.

34. INDICATION – Vrana , prameha , pain in ears, yoni and head disorders . All kinds of injuries are relieved with tila taila. It is used for alleviation of vata , as bastidravya , nasyadravya , for internal administration and in abhyanga and dietary articles .

35. ACTION IN BASTI In this Basti, Tila Taila mixed with the mixture of guda and Saindhava help in forming the uniform mixture. Again it counter parts some of the irritating properties of both Saindhava and Guda .

36. AMLEEKA(TAMARIND) . अम्लिकाऽम्ला गुरूर्वातहरी पित्तकफास्रकृत्। पक्वा तु दीपनी रूक्षा सतीक्ष्णा कफवातनुत् ॥भा.प्र. Latin name - Tamarindus indicia. Kula - Simbi kula Family - Leguminoseae . Sanskrit - Chincha , chukrika , chukra , amlica , amli , tittidika , suktha,sukthika . Composition -Tartaric, citric, malic, acetic, potassium tartarate etc. In the seed There is a 63% carbohydrate.

37. Rasa - Amla Guna - Guru, ruksha . Veerya - Ushna Dosha - When ripe kapha nashaka and vata nashaka. Uses - Tamarind and its seeds are applied externally on Inflammation. Fruit is very good in taste and is used in anorexia,indigestion , and liver disorders. Kshara is used in urinary disorders and abdominal pain.

38. Tamarindienal showed fungicidal & antibacterial activity. ( Fitoterapia 1992,63,537) Ethanolic extract of seed coat exhibited antioxidant activity (J.Agric.food.chem.1994,42,2671)

39. ACTION IN BASTI Chincha is having Vata- kaphashamaka , Ruksha and Ushna properties. Ruksha Guna helps in counteracting the Ama which is chief pathogenic factor of many diseases.

40. GOMUTRA गोमूत्रं कटु तीक्ष्णोष्णं सक्षारत्वान्न वातलम् । लध्वग्निदीपनं मेध्यं पित्तलं कफवातजित् ॥ वङग्सेन,द्रवद्रव्याधिकार ,७२ Properties- Kapha and Vata shamaka . Guna - Teeksna , ushna , laghu and kshara gunas . Rasa - Katu, tikta and kashaya Indication- Gulma,Unmada,Kasa , Shota , Ruja,Anaha and Ama . Chemical composition: Water - 95% : Urea - 2.5% : Minerals, Salts & Enzymes - 2.5%

41. Sl.no Name of chemical Effect of chemical on disease 1 Nitrogen N 2  ,NH 2 Removes blood abnormalities and toxins, Natural stimulant of urinary track, activates kidneys and it is diuretic. 2 Sulphur ,S Supports motion in large intestines. Cleanses blood. 3 Ammoni a , NH 3 Stabilise bile, mucous and air of body. Stabilises blood formation. 4 Copper,Cu Controls built up of unwanted fats 5 Iron,Fe Maintains balance and helps in production of red blood cells & haemoglobin. Stabilises working power 6 Urea CO (NH 2 ) 2 Removes blood abnormalities and toxins, Natural stimulant of urinary track, activates kidneys and it is diuretic 7 Uric acidC 5 H 4 N 4 O 3 Removes heart swelling or inflammation. It is diuretic therefore destroys toxins. 8 Sodium ,Na Purifies blood. Antacid 9 Potassium K Cures hereditary rheumatism. Increases appetite. Removes muscular weakness and laziness. 10 Manganese Mn Germicidal, stops growth of germs

42. ACTION IN BASTI In Vaitarna Basti, the Gomutra is chief content, which owing to its Katu Rasa, Katu Vipaka , Ushna Virya , Laghu , Ruksha , Tikshna Guna pacify the Kapha . The Ruksha Guna of Gomutra is very much helpful in the diseased condition like Amavata . It is considered as useful for Kshara Basti owing to its Tridoshahara , Agnideepana , Pachana , Srotovishodhana and Vatanulomaka properties.

43. Thus, Basti Dravya when administered reaches up to the micro and macro level due to its Virya (potency) Helps first to disrupt the pathogenic process and carries out the morbid matter towards Pakvashaya for the elimination. Thus it works as curative as well purificative measure

44. GODUGDHA: अल्पाभिष्यन्दि गोक्षीरं गुरू स्निग्ध रसायनं । रक्तपित्तहरं शीतं मधुरं रसपाकयो: ॥ वङ्गसेन,द्रवद्रव्याधिकार, 21 In varieties of ksheera,goksheera is the one,which is hitham . Rasa- Madhura Guna-Snigdha Veerya-Sheeta Vipaka-Madhura

45. Properties: Brimhana,vrishya,medhya,balya , jeevaneeya,raktapittaghna . Indication: Swasa,kasa,pandu,sosha,gulma , udara,amlapitta,atisara,vataroga,pittaroga , vibandha . Modalities : Asthapana,Vamana,Nasya,Lepa , Avagaha,Virechana,Snehana

46. METHOD OF PREPARATION OF VAITARANA BASTI

47. Mix jaggery in water and evaporate the required amount of water till it becomes dense as to be used as honey. • Prescribed quantity of Saindhava Lavana is added and churned thoroughly. • After proper mixing of above constituents, the Moorchita tila taila should be added slowly while churning in a slightly heated temperature.

48. Tamarind is mixed and squeezed well in hot water and to be used as Kalka. • The above kalka is to be added into the vessel and continue the churning. • Finally Gomutra / Godugdha of prescribed amount is added very slowly while the churning process continues

49. SELECTION OF GOMUTRA OR GODUGDHA IN VAITARANA BASTI

50. GOMUTRA PROPERTIES : Lekhana, Bhedaka, Laghu, Pachaka, Agnideepaka, Medhya, Pittakara . If we are using Gomutra it cures Diseases like: Shoola Anaha Amavata

51. GODUGDHA PROPERTIES: If we are using Godugdha it cures Diseases like: Janusankocha Klaibya Kati , Uru , Prusta , Shotha and Shoola . Urusthambha Gridhrasi Vishama jwara .

52. SOME PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF VAITARANA BASTI AMAVATA : Chakradutta has appreciated the role of vaitarana basti in the treatment of Amavata . The ingredients of Vaitaranabasti mainly possess deepana , pachana , ushna , sukshma , laghu , teekshna and lekhana gunas . These gunas helps to alleviate ama and vata in the body. In the disease process of amavata , we find the laxanas of avarana vata in the joints

53. After the administration of basti , Basti dravya reaches various parts of the body like sandhis & minute channels like by its sukshma guna & liquifies the dosha which was present in various forms . Liquification of them is caused by ushna,teekshna,lekhana gunas which in turn decreases the sroto abhishyandana,mean while ushnata & snigdhata guna of the content pacifies the Vata .

54. Gomutra , which is the chief content, is helpful to reduce the shotha and ruja as it is mainly indicated in ama . Vaitarana basti action is seen upto minute channels,where it does the lekhana of collected ama and kapha resulting in their liquification , which decreases the abhishyandi , picchila , and guru etc. gunas of ama . At the same time it does the srotovishodhana there by decreasing the srotobhishyandana which intern leads to vatanulomana because of removal of obstruction and finally expels ama and kapha vata out of the body.

55. GRUDRASI : Disease condition : Grudrasi mainly a condition which is associated with shula,stambha,sankocha,shotha,aamatva ( i.e,vatakaphaja ). Vyana vata impairement is obvious in this disease & in kevala vata vyadhi the main line of treatment is Bruhmana-snehana . The amla-lavana-snehayukta vaitarana basti acts as vatashamaka & there by reduces the symptoms in grudrasi .

56. The GodugdhaVaitaranabasti has got the more lipid contents in it. The rectum has a rich blood and lymph supply and drugs can cross the rectal mucosa like other lipid membranes. The unionized and lipid soluble substances are rapidly absorbed from the rectum. In the rectum, in the upper portion, the absorption is via the upper rectal mucosa and is carried to the superior hemorrhoidal vein into portal circulation.

57. Where as that absorbed in the lower rectum enter directly into the systemic circulation via middle and inferior hemorrhoidal vein. These factors- the probable mode of action and probable mechanism of action may be responsible for the relief in the signs and symptoms of the disease

58. KATIGRAHA AND KATISHOOLA : The aggravated vata when localised in Kati brings stiffness this is katigraha , And when it is associated with pain in kati region ,it is katishoola . Due to vata vitiation,and pain aggravation here Bruhmana type of basti has to be adopted , i.e , Godugdha vaitarana basti . Snigdha,guru property of godugdha mitigates vata dosha and intern decreases the sighns and symptoms of the disease condition.

59. SPECIALITIES OF THE BASTI भोजयित्वा च सायघ्ने सर्वास्यायं प्रशस्यते। अथ चेद्बलवान् जन्तुरभुक्वापि तदाक्वचित् ॥ वङग्सेन,बस्ति अधिकरण, १९० It can be given after food like anuvasana basti . But if the patient is strong enough it can be given in empty stomach. Acharya has used the term “ vinashayat Ashu ” indicating the fast acting nature of the combination. According to Vangasena , Godugdha can be used instead of Gomutra .

60. बस्ति AYURVEDIC CONCEPT POSITION – According to Parashara , Guda is the Mula of the body where all the siraas are located. When basti dravyas administered through the guda , it reaches all over the body. वामाश्रये हि ग्रहणीगुदे च तत् पार्श्वसंस्थस्या सुखोपल्ब्धि: । लीयन्त एवं वलयश्च तस्मात् सव्यं शयानोऽर्हति बस्तिदानं॥ च.सि. 3/24 Basti should given to the patient lying on left lateral side as as the Grahani & Guda are situated on the left side of the body.

61. 2. PAKVASAYA – आपादतलमूर्धस्थान् दोषान् स्थित: । वीर्येण बस्तिरादत्ते खस्योऽर्को भूरसानिव ॥ च.सि. 7/64 The given Basti when enters into the pakvasaya , by its virya ,draws the morvid dosha lodged in the entire body from foot to head, just as the sun situated in the sky sucks up the moisture from the earth.

62. Grahani : Acharya charaka said that Basti dravya reach upto the grahani & stimulation of agni can be explained here,Sneha dravya by its sukshma guna enters into sukshma srotas to reach the grahani . Later it acts on samana vayu,which lies in the nearer the seat of jatharagni ,and it is promoter of jatharagni ,by the action of sneha . Basti dravya first acts on Apana vayu ,and causes vatanulomana and hence stimulates the agni . Thus Basti has its effect over agni , which is said to be the main cause of all diseases.

63. PROBABLE MODERN CONCEPT The mode of action of basti can be understand in the following way – Drug is administered through anal region It gets absorbed in intestinal mucosa & works by 4 mechanism By absorption mechanism By system biology mechanism By neural stimulation mechanism By excretory mechanism

64. ABSORPTION MECHANISM Hyper osmosis takes place From colon cell to lumen Absorption of endotoxins Irritation of Large intestine (due to irrtant property) Elimination

65. SYSTEM BIOLOGY MECHANISM Drug is administered through anal region It gets absorbed in intestinal mucosa Lipid soluble Water soluble Passive diffusion Active diffusion

66. By these diffusion mechanism the Basti drugs goes to epithelial cell. Then it goes to the capillaries. Then goes to cell after that molecules.

67. NEURAL STIMULATION MECHANISM Drug given ENS is stimulated Excites mysentric plexus & sub mucosal plexus Neurotransmitters carries information to CNS CNS acts independently to produce the GUT feeling

68. EXCRETORY MECHANISM The sigmoidal , rectal & anal region of large intestine are considerably better supplied with parasympathetic nerve fibers than other part of intestine. They are mainly stimulating in action & functions especially on defecation reflexes.

69. RESEARCH WORKS Chanchalani K.T – 1989 – A clinical study of vaitarana basti rasayana yoga in amavata . Dept. of K.C, Ahmedabad. 2. Chaurasiya P.S – 1993 – amavata par vaitarana basti ka prabhav adhyayana . Dept. of K.C, Udaipur. Gaikwad V.S – 2000 – study of efficacy of vaitarana basti in amavata . Dept of P.K, Pune . Laddha Trupti – 2001 – clinical trial on vaitarana basti & pippali rasayana in amavata . Dept. of K.C, Akola

70. 5 . Verma S.P – 2002 – Study of vaitarana Basti in management of Katishula . Dept. of K.C, Jamnagar. Bhaktikoti – 2005 – a comparative clinical study on vaitarana basti and virechana karma in amavata . Dept. of P.K, Jamnagar. Satheesh . R – 2005 - Evaluation of Efficacy of Vaitharana Bastikarma in the management of Gridhrasi with special reference to Sciatica. Dept. of P.K, Gadag. Devendrappa . F.Budi-2007-Evaluation of Efficacy of vaitarana basti in the management of Amavata -An observational study. Dept.of p.k ,Gadag.

71. DISCUSSION Why madhu is not used instead of Guda ,like other niruha basti’s ??

72. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that Vaitaranabasti possess an Amahara , Shoolahara , Shothahara , Sankochahara , Brumhana property. Selection of Gomutra or Godugdha vaitarana should be done based on condition. It is more effective and has less complication.

73. REFERENCES Charaka samhita Susruta samhita Ashtanga hrudaya Ashtanga sangraha Vangasena Chakradutta Sharangadhara samhita