Validity.pptxDiscusses validity in research studies

Discusses validity in research studies

1. Validity Dr. Pragya Pandey (Junior Resident) Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, UP India Email : [email protected]

2. Contents Validity Accuracy vs precision Reliability vs validity Need of validity Types of validity Threats to validity Summary

3. Specific learning objective After the teaching-learning session we will be able to know about Definition of validity Differentiate between reliability & validity Enumerate types of validity Understand the need of validity

4. Accuracy vs Precision Accuracy refers to how close the readings or observations are to the true value Precision refers to how close the readings are to each other Reliability is used interchangeably with precision An ideal research tool need to be valid , accurate & precise

5. Validity Validity refers to the ability of a research tool to measure what it intends to measure For any study to be accepted it has to be valid A valid research tool can be or cannot be reliable Similarly, a reliable research tool can be or cannot be valid

6. Reliability vs Validity

7. Need for validity Validity in research ensures the study is accurate and reliable It lends credibility to the research study Establishing validity leads to generalizability of the study finding to the population It helps in achieving the FINER criteria of the research question

8. Types of validity Face validity Construct validity Content validity Criterion validity Statistical – internal & external validity Ecological validity

9. Face validity It is also called judgmental /surface level validity It is subjective validity It refers to appearance of a test tool to be able to measure the required data Expert review is not included in this validity

10. Construct validity It refers to the ability of the tool to measure concepts that are not easily measurable It is abstract in nature It can be convergent if it derives how closely related the variables are to each other assuming they shall be related It can be divergent if it derives how unrelated the variables are to each other assuming they shall be unrelated

11. Content validity It refers to the degree to which the test content matches with what it intends to measure It requires expert review Criterion validity In this type the test tool is compared with existing tool It is of two types concurrent & predictive

12. Internal validity Ability of a tool must be able to derive correct inferences from the data External validity Ability of a tool to generalize the findings of the study to larger population Ecological validity It refers to applying the findings of the study in real life situations

13. Threats to validity Confounding factors Selection bias Information bias History Maturation Testing Instrumentation Attrition

14. Summary Validity refers to the ability of a tool to measure what it intends to measure It is essential for the research study to have valid research tool Its types are face, construct, content ,criterion ,internal & external Threats to validity include selection bias, confounding factors, testing , maturation & attrition

15. References Indian Council of Medical Research- National institute of Epidemiology Basic Course in Biomedical Research course Material. Chennai: ICMR-NIE Mehta T. analytical study designs : Basic Course in Biomedical Research Handbook. 1 st ed .Chennai : ICMR –NIE ; 2021.p.180-197.

16. THANK YOU

17. Questions What is validity? What are the types of validity? What is internal validity? What are threats to validity?