VERBS.pptxVERBSVERBSVERBSVERBSVERBSVERBSVERBS

VERBSVERBSVERBSVERBSVERBSVERBS

1. Topic/Course Sub-Topic (Example: name of college) Verbs

2. What are VERBS? A verb is a word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being. 1. Action Verbs / Main verbs These verbs describe physical or mental actions. Physical action : run, jump, write, dance Example: She runs every morning. Mental action : think, believe, imagine, know Example: I believe in your abilities.

3. 2. L inking Verbs Linking verbs connect the subject to a subject complement, providing information about the subject's state or identity. They do not show action. Common Linking Verbs i) Forms of "be" : am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been She is a doctor. They were happy.

4. ii) Verbs related to the senses : look, smell, taste, feel, sound The soup smells delicious. He looks tired. iii) Other state-of-being verbs : become, seem, appear, grow, remain, stay, turn, prove She became a teacher. He remains calm.

5. 3. Stative Verbs These verbs express a state rather than an action, often related to thoughts, feelings, or senses. Examples: love, hate, own, prefer, belong Example: He owns a beautiful car.

6. 4. Transitive and Intransitive Verbs Transitive verbs : Require a direct object to complete their meaning. Example: She wrote a letter. ("letter" is the object) Intransitive verbs : Do not require an object. Example: She slept peacefully.

7. 5. Regular and Irregular Verbs Regular verbs : Form their past tense by adding "-ed" (e.g., play → played). Irregular verbs : Have unique forms for past tense (e.g., go → went).

8. 6. Auxiliary Verbs Auxiliary verbs (also called helping verbs) are used alongside the main verb to form different tenses, moods, voices, or aspects. Types of Auxiliary Verbs: a. Primary Auxiliary Verbs b. Modal Auxiliary Verbs

9. Primary Auxiliary Verbs These verbs help form the basic tenses, questions, and negatives. Be : am, is, are, was, were, being, been Example: She is running . Have : have, has, had Example: They have eaten dinner. Do : do, does, did Example: He does not like coffee

10. Modal Auxiliary Verbs These express possibility, necessity, permission, or ability. Examples: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, ought Example: You must study harder.

11. 7.Phrasal Verbs A phrasal verb is a verb combined with one or more particles (prepositions or adverbs) that changes the meaning of the original verb. give → give up (stop doing something) look → look after (take care of)

12. Structure of Phrasal Verbs They are usually formed as: Verb + Adverb particle break down (stop working) run away (escape) Verb + Preposition look at (watch/observe) care for (look after) Verb + Adverb + Preposition put up with (tolerate) get along with (be friendly with)

13. Types of Phrasal verbs A) Transitive vs. Intransitive Transitive = needs an object I will look after the baby. Intransitive = no object The car broke down yesterday.

14. Types of Phrasal verbs B) Separable vs. Inseparable Separable : object can go between the verb and particle Turn off the light. = Turn the light off. ✅ Inseparable : object must follow the whole phrasal verb I’m looking after the baby ✅. ❌ I’m looking the baby after.

15. Types of Phrasal verbs C) Idiomatic vs. Literal Literal : meaning is clear from words Sit down (literally sit). Idiomatic : meaning is different from the separate words Bring up (raise a child / mention a topic).

16. Phrasal Verb Meaning Example break down stop working My bike broke down . call off cancel They called off the meeting. find out discover I just found out the truth. give up stop trying Don’t give up on your dreams. look after take care of She looks after her grandmother. make up invent / reconcile They made up after the fight. put off postpone We had to put off the trip. run into meet unexpectedly I ran into an old friend. take over gain control A new manager will take over next week. turn down refuse She turned down the job offer.

17. INTERROGATIVES Types of interrogatives– 1. Yes/No question ( Answering the question either with Yes / No) 2. Information question (Answering the wh questions : who, whose, whom, what, how, why, when, where) 3. Alternative question (offer two or more alternative response) 4. Question tags (tagged onto the end of a declarative sentence)

18. QUE ST ION TAGS What Are Question Tags? A question tag is a short question added to the end of a statement. It is used to: Confirm information ( You are coming, aren’t you? ) Seek agreement ( It’s a lovely day, isn’t it? ) Show surprise or doubt ( You didn’t do it, did you? )

19. QUE ST ION TAGS What Are Question Tags? A question tag is a short question added to the end of a statement. It is used to: Confirm information ( You are coming, aren’t you? ) Seek agreement ( It’s a lovely day, isn’t it? ) Show surprise or doubt ( You didn’t do it, did you? )

20. How to form question tags? Question tags are endings placed at the end of a statement to form a question of confirmation/denial type. The following steps can be followed to form question tags. 1. Identify the nature of the sentence (Affirmative / Negative) 2. The subsequent nature of the question tag should be opposite to that of the sentence. 3. Identify the auxiliary verb.In case of no auxiliary verb, use do/don’t, does/doesn’t, did/didn’t. 4. Identify the pronoun / Assign a pronoun to the noun in question.