Visceral motor system

Neuroanatomy

1. Visceral Motor System

2. Functional Divisions

3. VMS 2-neuronal chain 1 2 1 2 Sympathetic chain: Parasympathetic chain:

4. Sympathetic Efferents

5. Parasympathetic Efferents

6. Edinger-Westphal nucleus III

7. Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

8. Nucleus ambiguus

9. Sacral Level of SC

10. Ongoing coordination of visceral motor function

11. Visceral Afferents

12. Visceral Pain Pathway

13. Referred Pain

14. A Central Autonomic Network

15. Hypothalamus Anterior commissure Optic chiasm Mammillary bodies

16. Hypothalamus regulates five main functions: Blood pressure and electrolyte balance /drinking, salt appetite, blood osmolarity , vasomotor tone/ 2. Body temperature /thermogenesis, seeking warmer/cooler environment/ 3. Energy metabolism /feeding, digestion, metabolic rate/ 4. Reproductive activity /mating, pregnancy, lactation/ 5. Emergency responses / distribution of blood flow, stress hormones, immunological response/

17. Hypothalamus

18. Nuclei of Hypothalamus Anterior hypothalamus Anterior-to-medial hypothalamus Medial hypothalamus Posterior hypothalamus

19. Horner’s Syndrome 1. - Drooping of eyelid (ptosis) 2. - Ipsilateral pupillary constriction ( miosis ) 3. - Apparent sinking of eyeball ( enophthalmos ) 1 3 2

20. Micturition