Visual impairment presentation 1

VISUAL IMPAIRMENT PRESENTATION

1. DEPARTMENT OF SPECIAL EDUCATION Topic VISUAL IMPAIRMENT

2. Presented By Group 02 Presented Sir Usman Zia Name of Students are : ZUNERA SHAHZAD RABIA TUFAIL FARAH WANII USAMA ALI AMNA ARSHAD

3. CONTENTS DEFINATION PREVALANCE INDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT TYPES OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT DEGREE OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT CAUSES OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT SYMPTOMS OF VISIONS PSYCOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL CHARCTERTICS INTERVENTION OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT STATERGIES OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT

4. VISUAL IMPAIRMENT

5. DEFINATION OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT The term ‘visual impairment’ is used to indicate a continuum of loss of sight, which includes blindness unless it is made clear that the expression is being used in a particular way. Where blindness is specifically referred to, it describes a level of sight loss of children who depend mainly on tactile methods of learning. The expression ‘low vision’ is used with reference to children whose learning and teaching involves predominantly methods relying on sight.

6. PREVALANCE

7. INDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMEMT IDENTIFICATION Most of the visual problems are identified within the first few months of a baby’s life, perhaps by the maternity hospital, health visitor (or equivalent) or parents, although some difficulties may not be appreciated until the child starts school.

8. Assessment of vision A distance vision test. A near vision test. A field of vision test. A test of colour perception. A contrast sensitivity test. An assessment of visual functioning.

9. Educational assessments The assessment of vision and educational assessment are related. With regard to intelligence tests, certain sub-tests are considered suitable for use with children who are blind or have low vision. Tactile versions of some sub-tests are also available. Reading tests have been standardized for use with blind children. Such tests, standardized in the country concerned, are available from commercial test suppliers

10. TYPES OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT “ Partially sighted ” indicates some type of visual problem has resulted in a need for special education “ Totally blind students ” who learn via Braille or other non-visual media. “ Low vision”  is a condition caused by eye disease, in which visual acuity is 20/70 or poorer in the better-seeing eye and cannot be corrected or improved with regular eyeglasses.

11. DEGREE OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT MILD VISUAL IMPAIRMENT : Acuities ranging from 20/70 to 20 /80 (both eyes ) MODERATE VISUAL IMPAIRMENT : Acuities ranging from 20 /100 to 20 /200 and field loss of more than 40% SEVERE : Difficulty in learning environment ,even with visual aids, but s/he can use vision to some degree in the learning process.

12. CAUSES OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT Genetic or metabolic diseases Defects or abnormalities in the eye itself(, (glaucoma , cataracts) Infections, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) Neurological Visual Impairment (NVI)

13. SYMPTOMS OF VISION PROBLEMS Severe, sudden eye pain Hazy, blurred, or double vision Swollen, red eyes Changes in the color of  the iris Itching, burning, or a heavy discharge in the eyes Unusual, even painful, sensitivity to light or glare

14. PSYCOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL CHARCTERTICS( cont ) A child with a visual impairment may require emotional support to help cope with his or her disability.  Because of stigmas and a lack of awareness of the "outside world", a student may feel: Separate from society Anxious Self-conscious Dependent Inexperienced Unmotivated Social adjustment problems are due to sighted society’s reactions to blindness. Social adjustment problems are due to sighted society’s reactions to blindness. Social adjustment problems are due to sighted society’s reactions to blindness. Social adjustment problems are due to sighted society’s reactions to blindness.

15. PSYCOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL CHARCTERTICS ( cont ) A child with visual impairment may have difficulty forming meaningful relationships due to the inability to observe non-verbal cues. Sometimes students with visual impairment are thought to have a low level of academic achievement because of : Low expectations Lack of exposure to Braille

16. STATERGIES OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT It’s okay to say "look" and "see." Even fully sighted people use their other senses in the context of looking at something. Presentations and demonstrations are made accessible to severely visually impaired students by providing verbal explanations. Read what is being written on the board and/or describe what is pictured in the presentation

17. STATERGIES OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT ( cont ) Saying over there is not useful for a blind student. Instead, spatial directions must be given from the STUDENT'S perspective. Seat or encourage the visually impaired student to come to the front of the classroom or presentation area in order to be certain that he hears all instruction and explanation correctly .

18. STATERGIES OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT ( cont ) Expect a visually impaired student to complete the same assignments as the rest of the class. Due to alternative media, assignments may take a visually impaired student longer to complete. Encourage the student's use of proper posture, eye contact as much as possible and proper social etiquette. Treat the visually impaired student equally with other students. .

19. STATERGIES OF VISUAL IMPAIMENT ( cont ) Give the visually impaired student as many opportunities to help others as to be helped by others . Avoid leaving doors and drawers ajar or chairs out from under tables and desks. Either keep furniture consistent or inform and/or involve the student in rearranging .

20. INTERVENTION OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT Early intervention. Special education and related services To identify the EI program in your neighborhood. Accessing special education and related services Developing a written plan of services

21. REFRENCES http://www.mychildwithoutlimits.org/understand/vision-loss/what-are-the-causes-of-vision-loss/ www.visionaware.org/info/symptoms-of-vision-problems/5 https://www.news-medical.net/health/Types-of-visual-impairment.aspx www.parentcenterhub.org/visualimpairment https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41194486 Ms%20special%20education/BOOK%20OF%20HE/BOOK%20OF%20HUMAN%20EXPECTIONATIES.pdf