VITAMIN - biochemistry notes on vitamin and its types

Vitamin

1. VITAMINS

2. VITAMINS Vitamins may be regarded as organic compounds required in the diet in small amounts to perform specific biological functions for normal maintenance of optimum growth and health of the organism

3. History and nomenclature: 20 th century Hawkins coined the term accessory factors Funk isolated an active principle and amine from rice polishing and later in East which could cure beriberi in pigeons. He coined the term vitamin By usage of A, B and C to vitamins was introduced in 1915 by Mac Kolam and Davis

4. Classification of vitamins: Fat Soluble Vitamin Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Water Soluble B-complex Energy-releasing Hematopoietic Thiamine(B1) Folic acid(B9) Riboflavin(B2) Vitamin (B12) Niacin(B3) (cyanocobalamin) Pyridoxine(B6) Biotin (B7) Pantothenic acid (B5) Non B-Complex Vitamin C

5. Fat Soluble Vitamins Vitamin A, D, E and K are known as fat or lipid soluble These vitamins can be stored in liver and adipose tissue. They are readily excreted in urine. Excess conception of these vitamins particularly A and D leads to their accumulation and toxic effect All the fat soluble vitamins are isoprenoid compounds since they are made up of 1 or more or 5 carbon units namely isoprene units. Vitamin K has a specific coenzyme function

6. Water soluble vitamins The Water soluble vitamins are a heterogeneous group of compounds since they differ chemically from each other Most of these vitamins are readily excreted in urine and they are not toxic to the body Generally vitamin deficiencies are multiple than individual with overlapping symptoms Water soluble vitamins form co enzymes that participate in a variety of biochemical reactions related to either energy generation or hematopoises The common symptoms of the deficiency of one or more vitamins involved in energy metabolism include dermatitis, glossitis, cheilitis, diarrhoea, mental confusion, depression, malaise.

7. Vitamers Retinols, retinal and retinoic acid or vitamers of vitamin A Pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine are vitamers of vitamin B6