Vitamin k

Vitamin k is a group of lipophilic hydrophobic vitamins. Fat soluble compound necessary for the synthesis of several proteins required for blood clotting.

Occurs in several forms:

Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone)
Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone)
Vitamin K3 (Menadione) – synthetic form

1. Welcome To My presentation

2. Name: MD. Zahirul Islam Roll:333 Batch:12 th Presentation of Vitamin K

3. Vitamin K Vitamin k is a group of lipophilic hydrophobic vitamins. Fat soluble compound necessary for the synthesis of several proteins required for blood clotting.

4. Types of vitamin k Occurs in several forms: Vitamin K 1 ( Phylloquinone ) Vitamin K 2 ( Menaquinone ) Vitamin K 3 ( Menadione ) – synthetic form

5. Sources of Vitamin K Phylloquinone : Green leafy vegetables Menaquinone : Intestinal bacteria Intestinal bacterial synthesis meets the daily requirement of vitamin K even without dietary supplement Menadione : synthetic form vegetable oil

6. Adequate Intake for Vitamin K Life Stage Age    Males (mcg/day) Females (mcg/day) Infants 0-6 months 2.0 2.0  Infants 7-12 months 2.5 2.5 Children    1-3 years 30 30 Children 4-8 years  55 55 Children 9-13 years 60 60 Adolescents 14-18 years 75 75 Adults 19 years and older 120 90 Pregnancy 18 years and younger  - 75 Pregnancy 19 years and older - 90 Breast-feeding 18 years and younger  - 75 Breast-feeding 19 years and older - 90 As outlined by the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine in the US (January 2001)

7. Functions of Vitamin K Coenzyme for the synthesis of prothrombin and blood clotting factors in the liver Prothrombin and clotting factors are protein in nature

8. Mature prothrombin and clotting factors contain g- carboxyglutamate after carboxylation reaction Vitamin K is essential for the carboxylase enzyme involved Dihydroquinone form of vitamin K is essential for this reaction

9. Symptoms of Vitamin K Deficiency Bruising from bleeding into the skin Nosebleeds Bleeding gums Bleeding in stomach Blood in urine Blood in stool Tarry black stool Extremely heavy menstrual bleeding In infants, may result in intracranial hemorrhage

10. Deficiency of Vitamin K Deficiencies are rare: it is synthesized by the intestinal bacteria Hypoprothrombinemia : increased blood coagulation time May affect bone growth and mineralization Malabsorption of lipids leads to vitamin K deficiency

11. Deficiency of Vitamin K Prolonged antibiotic therapy Gastrointestinal infections with diarrhea Both of the above destroy the bacterial flora leading to vitamin K deficiency Deficiency most common in newborn infants Newborns lack intestinal flora Human milk cannot provide enough vitamin K Supplements are given by injection

12. Clinical Manifestations of the Deficiency Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn Bruising tendency, ecchymotic patches (bleeding underneath the skin) Mucus membrane hemorrhage Post-traumatic bleeding / internal bleeding Prolonged prothrombin time

13. Prevention/Treatment Vitamin K can be given orally In the case of someone who improperly absorbs fat or is at high risk of bleeding, Vitamin K can be injected under the skin If a drug is causing Vitamin K deficiency, the dose is altered or extra Vitamin K is given In people who suffer from both severe liver disorders and Vitamin K deficiency, Vitamin K injections may be insufficient so blood transfusions may be necessary to replenish clotting factors.

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