Vitamine B1 Thaimine Pyrophosphate

Vitamine B1 Thaimine Pyrophosphate ,Types of cofactors ,Co enzymes, The functional role of Co enzymes is to act as transporters of chemical group, Chemistry,
Co enzyme: thiamine Pyrophosphate

1. PADMASHREE INSTITUTE OF MANEGMENT AND SCIENCE . Seminar topic on; TPP( Thiamine pyrophosphate) Presented by; Shylesh murthy I . A 2 ND yr Msc biotechnology PIMS

2. VITAMIN B1(THIAMINE) History Old literature : Thiamine was called ‘ Aneurine ’ – can relieve neuritis Also called ‘ Anti – beri beri factor’ Batavia isolated the vitamin & named it as ‘Thiamine’ . Structure was elucidated by Adolf Windaus – Nobel prize in 1928

3. Many Enzymes Require Cofactors for Activity A cofactor is a small non-protein molecules that is bound (either tightly or loosely) to an enzyme and is required for catalysis. Catalytic activity of many enzymes depends on the presence of cofactors.

4. Many Enzymes Require Cofactors for Activity

5. 5 Types of cofactors

6. Coenzymes O rganic molecule that temporarily binds to apoenzyme in order for it to work + apoenzyme coenzyme holoenzyme Protein Non-Protein Total

7. Coenzyme Coenzymes are small organic non-protein molecules. Loosely attached to apoenzymes , seperated easily by dialysis they are often called cosubstrate or secondary substrate. Reaction involving: oxidoreduction , group. transfer, Isomerization and covalent bond formation req. coenzyme.

8. The functional role of Coenzymes is to act as transporters of chemical group A coenzyme is a necessary helper for enzymes that assist in biochemical transformations. These molecules act to transfer chemical groups between enzymes or from Enzyme to substrate or product. A coenzyme Transport a variety of chemical groups (Such as Hydride, Acetyl, Formyl , Methenyl or methyl).

9. Vitamins of B complex group acting as co-enzymes vitamins active form (co-enzyme) Thiamine Vitamin B 1 TPP (thiamine pyrophosphate) Riboflavin Vitamin B 2 FMN, FAD Niacin Vitamin B 3 NAD,NADH Pantothenic acid Vitamin B 5 component of coenzyme A Pyridoxine Vitamin B 6 PLP (pyridoxal phosphate) Biotin Biotin Folic acid THF (Tetrahydrofolate) Cobalamine Vitamin B 12 cobamide

10. VB 1 （ T hiamin e ） T hiamin p yrophosphate （ TPP） The first discovery of vitamin Structure ：

11. Chemistry 􀂒Sulphur containing vitamin 􀂒Thiamine is composed of - - Thiazole ring - Pyrimidine ring Two rings are linked by ‘ Methylene bridge’. Thiazole ring: 4-methyl-5-hydroxyethylthiazole Pyrimidine ring: 2,5-dimethyl-4-aminopyrimidine White, needle shaped, water soluble crystals having a characteristic odour Destroyed by heat, oxidising & reducing agents

12. Coenzyme: t hiamin e p yrophosphate

13. Vitamin B 1 - Thiamine The active form is thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) Thiamin is rapidly converted to thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) in small intestine, brain and liver. TPP is formed from thiamin by the action of thiamine diphosphotransferase . Entity Transferred; Aldehydes

14. Functions 􀂄 Thiamine is essential for growth & development 􀂄Thiamine is essential for the maintenance of nervous tissue 􀂙Physiological Role 􀂉Metabolic role 􀂃 Thiamine is converted into its active coenzyme form ‘Thiamine pyrophosphate’ 􀂃 Reaction takes place in the liver & intestinal mucosa 􀂃 Catalysed by the enzyme ‘ Thiamine pyrophosphokinase ’ requiring ATP

15. Absorption, Transport Storage & Excretion 􀁐 Thiamine is readily absorbed from small intestine 􀁐It is distributed throughout the body after absorption 􀁐Thiamine is not stored in appreciable amounts in the body but relatively high concentration is seen in heart, liver & kidneys 􀁐Excess thiamine is excreted in urine & some of it is also metabolised 􀁐Normal thiamine levels in serum:0.5 to 1 μg /dl

16. Snapshot 7-6, p, 236 sources ：

17. Deficiency ： beriberi

18. References Trevor palmer enzymes ; Page No 214 Davia donald l.gary M.lampman . George s kritz , Randalll g.enge l [2006 ‘INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES’ Pg no 304-305 3. Internet data base . www.sciencedirect.com

19. .Thank you ……….