Vitamins and its classifications

Vitamins and its classifications, types, sources, deficiencies

1. Syed Dawood Shah Mirpur Azaad Kaashmir Pakistan Vitamins and its classification Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST)

2. CONTENTS Introduction Classification Vitamins Sources 1

3. Vitamins An organic chemical compound (or related set of compounds) is called a vitamin when the organism cannot synthesize the compound in sufficient quantities, and it must be obtained through the diet. An organic compound and a vital nutrient that an organism requires in limited amounts. Vitamin is conditional upon the circumstances and the particular organism. 2

4. 3

5. Fat-Soluble vitamins Vitamin A, D, E and K Excess is stored in the liver and in body fat. It is possible to build up to a toxic level. 4

6. Vitamin A (Retinol) Beta-carotene is converted into vitamin A Vitamin A: Promotes good vision Promotes healthy skin Helps with growth and maintenance of bones, teeth, and cell structure. RDA: 900 micrograms for males; 700 micrograms for females 5

7. Sources of vitamin A cod liver oil meat egg milk dairy products carrot broccoli spinach papaya apricots http://health.allrefer.com/health/nutrition.html 6

8. Deficiency of vitamin A May cause night blindness Lowered immune system Too little vitamin A: May turn your skin orange May cause fatigue, weakness, severe headache, blurred vision, hair loss and joint pain. Toxicity: May cause severe liver or brain damage Birth defects 7

9. Vitamin D – “The Sunshine Vitamin” Essential for building and maintaining bones and teeth Responsible for absorption and utilization of calcium Other health benefits: May boost immune system May also help decrease certain cancers RDA: 5 micrograms until age 50 10 micrograms / day until 70; 15 mcg 70+ 8

10. Vitamin D Deficiency May lead to osteomalacia and/or osteoporosis Getting vitamin D Sun exposure for 10 minutes a day Foods: Fortified milk Tuna Salmon May need a supplement Check with doctor first though 9

11. Vitamin E ( Acetate d-Alpha Tocopherol ) Important to red blood cells, muscles and other tissues It is also an antioxidant. It helps to slow down processes that damage cells. Deficiency and toxicity is rare Vitamin E also acts as a blood thinner Foods: Vegetable oils, salad dressings, whole grain cereals, green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, peanut butter and wheat germ. 10

12. Vitamin K The vitamin K-related modification of the proteins allows them to bind calcium ions, which they cannot do otherwise Chemically, the vitamin K family comprises 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (3-) derivatives Vitamin K includes two natural vitamins:  vitamin K 1 and  vitamin K 2 Vitamin K 1 , also known as phylloquinone and K2 as menaquinone 11

13. Contin …. Important for blood clotting Also has a role for bone health Mostly made in the intestines Foods: Turnip greens, cauliflower, spinach, broccoli and cabbage 12

14. Water-Soluble Vitamins Vitamins B and C Eight B vitamins: Thiamin (B-1) Riboflavin (B-2) Niacin (B-3) Pyridoxine (B-4) Cobalamin (B-12) Folic acid Pantothenic acid Biotin 13

15. Thiamin or B-1 Helps to convert carbohydrates to energy Deficiency: Fatigue, nausea, depression, nerve damage Foods: Beef, liver, peas, seeds, legumes, whole-grain products, and oatmeal RDA 1.2 mg for male and 1.1 mg for female 14

16. Riboflavin or B-2 Key to metabolism and red blood cells Deficiency: Dry, scaly skin Foods: Milk, yogurt, cheese, whole-grain breads, green leafy vegetables, meat, and eggs 15

17. Niacin or B-3 Also involved with energy production Also helps with skin, nerves and digestive system Deficiency: Rare but causes: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia and death Foods: Meat, poultry, liver, eggs, brown rice, baked potatoes, fish, milk, and whole-grain foods RDA 18 mg/day for male and 14 mg/day for female 16

18. Pyridoxine or B-6 Involved in chemical reactions of proteins and amino acids Deficiency: Skin changes, dementia, nervous system disorders and anemia Foods: Lean meats, fish, legumes, green leafy vegetables, raisins, corn, bananas, mangos RDA 1.3mg/day up to 50 years than 1.7mg for male and 1.5mg for female 17

19. Cobalamin or B-12 Helps with nervous system, red blood cells and DNA synthesis Deficiency: Nervous system disorders and pernicious anemia Foods: Only found in animal products Meat, fish, poultry, eggs, milk products and clams (bivalve mollusc ) RDA 2.4 mg/day for 14 years above 18

20. Folic acid (Folacin, Folate) Key role in red blood cell formation and cell division Deficiency: Anemia, digestive disorders Foods: Leafy, dark green vegetables Also found in liver, beans, peas, asparagus, oranges, avocados RDA 400 mg/day for age 14 and above 19

21. Vitamin C Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin. Vitamin C is a weak acid, called a scorbic acid. Almost all animals and plants synthesize their own vitamin C , not man. Vitamin C was first isolated in 1928 and in 1932 it was proved to be the agent which prevents scurvy. 20

22. Vitamin C Important to bone health, blood vessel health, cell structure and absorption of iron Deficiency is rare. Foods: Melons, berries, tomatoes, potatoes, broccoli, fortified juices, mangos, yellow peppers and citrus fruits RDA 60mg/day 21

23. Questions???