Volcanoes and Various Volcano-Related Hazards

Explain various �volcano-related hazards

1. Directions: The table below contains words that have been chopped in half. Find the pieces that fit together and write them in the answer area below. HAZ ANIC VOLC CLIM ERUP LASTIC TILES CUR MOL TEP TION PART TEN ARD ICLES RENT PROJEC HRA ATE PYROC

2. HAZARD PYROCLASTIC ERUPTION VOLCANIC MOLTEN TEPHRA CLIMATE PARTICLES CURRENT PROJECTILES

3. Volcanoes

4. Learning Competency Explain various volcano-related hazards

5. Main Idea: Volcanoes are mountains that have a capacity to erupt at anytime. Essential Question: How volcanoes are formed?

6. What are Volcanoes? Volcanoes are generally conical in shape. When the magma is outside the volcano, it is called lava . When lava is deposited outside of Earth's crust, it cools down and forms volcanic rocks. This process could take a long time since lava is a poor conductor of heat; it thickens as it hardens while flowing down the side of a volcano. The repeated eruption causes the volcano to rise and change its shape.

7. What are Volcanoes? Volcanoes are windows into the interior of the Earth. Through subtle changes and dramatic explosions, they intrigue scientists and often strike fear into societies. Lava flows, pyroclastic flows, and lahars pose great risk to those living in the proximity of a volcano, while large explosive eruptions can affect the entire planet by filling the atmosphere with ash and sulfate particles thereby modify the global climate.

8. A hot liquid called magma exists deep within Earth, under pressure and temperature, and on rocks. When magma reaches Earth’s surface, it is called lava.

9. Volcanoes in the Philippines Because the Philippines lies in the Pacific Ring of Fire, it is naturally home to some of the most magnificent mountains and volcanoes in Southeast Asia. There are around 300 volcanoes in the Philippines, and 24 of these are active.

10. PACIFIC RING OF FIRE The Ring of Fire, also referred to as the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.

11. Lying in the midst of the provinces of Tarlac, Pampanga, and Zambales is the magnificent Mount Pinatubo, a volcano long believed to be dormant. In the weeks before its eruption, showed signs of waking up, gearing up for a major eruption that could have taken the country by surprise. Thankfully, due to the diligence of PHIVOLC’s Dr. Raymundo Punongbayan who studied and monitored the behavior and the changes observed in the volcano. Proudly Filipino

12. Submarine volcanoes  are exactly what they sound like—volcanoes located beneath the ocean's surface. Because they erupt into water instead of air, submarine volcanoes behave quite differently than terrestrial volcanoes. For instance, it's uncommon for submarine volcanoes to have explosive eruptions.

13. PARTS OF A V O L C A N O

14. CRATER A volcanic crater is a bowl-shaped or funnel-shaped depression that usually lies directly above the vent from which volcanic material is ejected.

15. MAIN VENT The main vent is the channel through which magma. travels to reach the Earth's surface.

16. SECONDARY VENT some magma may escape through the side of the volcano, particularly if the main vent becomes blocked.

17. SECONDARY CONE Also known as a Parasitic Cone, secondary cones build up around secondary vents that reach the surface of larger volcanoes.

18. MAGMA Magma is extremely hot liquid and semi-liquid rock located under the Earth's surface.

19. MAGMA CHAMBER The location beneath the vent of a volcano where molten rock (magma) is stored prior to eruption. Also known as a magma storage zone or magma reservoir.

20. LAVA Lava is molten or partially molten rock (magma) that has been expelled from the interior of a terrestrial planet (such as Earth) or a moon onto its surface.

21. ASH, STEAM & GAS Ash is hard, abrasive, mildly corrosive, conducts electricity when wet, and does not dissolve in water. Ash is spread over broad areas by wind. Volcanic gases include gases and aerosols emitted from a volcanic vent before, during, or after a volcanic eruption.

22. VOLCANIC BOMBS A small lump of magma that is thrown up into the air during an explosive volcanic eruption as molten rock and then cools into a solid fragment before it reaches the ground.

23. ASH CLOUD A cloud formed from tiny ash particles and gases blasted from the volcano.

24. CONDUIT PIPE The channel way or passage, which may be pipe-shaped, that brings magma from a reservoir or chamber to the vent at the surface where it is erupted.

25. FUMAROLES openings in the earth's surface that emit steam and volcanic gases, such as sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide.

26. CLASSIFICATION OF VOLCANO

27. ACTIVE VOLCANO - is currently erupting, or it has erupted in the last 10,000 years. An example of an active volcano is Mt. Helens in the United States (US). DORMANT VOLCANO - is “sleeping”, but it could awaken in the future. Mt. Rainier in the United States is considered dormant. EXTINCT VOLCANO - has not erupted in the past 10,000 years. Edinburgh Castle in Scotland is located atop an extinct volcano.

28. ACTIVITY! Directions: Search for documentary films or research about the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991. Explain the following: A. Important events B. Signs before eruption C. Impacts of eruption on the people and environment D. Importance of eruption

29. Explain the concept of volcanic hazards in the Philippines to develop a meaningful understanding of hazards as part of one’s awareness in life.