W1 - MICROSCOPE.pptx for grade 7 students

microscope and parts of microscope

1. OPENING PRAYER SAN AGUSTIN DIOCESAN ACADEMY

2. SAN AGUSTIN DIOCESAN ACADEMY HOUSE RULES

3. Always observe our health protocols. SAN AGUSTIN DIOCESAN ACADEMY

4. One speaker at a time. When someone is speaking, keep quiet and listen. If you want to say something, raise your hand and wait for your teacher to recognize you. NAME OF SCHOOL - CLASSROOM RULES

5. Define microscope Explain the historical development of microscope Identify the various type of microscope Identify the parts and function of microscopes Explain the parts and functions of compound microscope. Demonstrate proper handling and storing of a compound microscope. Focus specimens using the compound microscope LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

6. Think-Pair-Share

7. The Microscope and Its Historical Development SCIENCE LINKS Page 180 – 181 - Sir Dave

8. Microscope It is a precision instrument and the number one tool being used by biologists in conducting biological researches and in studying objects or organisms that are invisible or slightly visible to the naked eye.

9. Historical Development of Microscope

10. Zaccharias Janssen In 1590s, he started experimenting using lenses with his brother Hans Janssen. Janssen brothers made a very important discovery, a compound microscope which uses two or more lenses. first compound microscope

11. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek Created simple but very powerful microscopes. He made his own SINGLE lens microscope. He was the first to observe bacteria, yeasts, and red blood cells. He was able to describe colonies of protozoans teeming in a drop of rainwater, which called ANIMALCULES or Little Animals/organisms.

12. Robert Hooke An Englishman Scientists and architect, who first visualize micro-organism. He discovered  tiny compartments in a thin slice of cork. He called these compartments "cells". Coined the term “cell” when he saw cork under a microscope.

13. ACT1 – IDENTIFICATION Scientists Contribution(s) 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3.

14. Types of Microscope                         Simple microscope                             Compound Microscope

15. Simple Microscope Simple microscopes are composed  of one lens and provide  relatively low magnifying powers. A good example of a simple microscope is a magnifying glass.

16. Compound Microscope Compound microscopes are composed  of two or more lenses that provide powerful magnification. Compound Light Microscope ae categorized into three: illuminating parts, magnifying parts, and mechanical parts .

17. Illuminating Parts Illuminating Parts are the parts that provide light. Light is important for the object/specimen to be seen. The light may come from two sources: natural source (reflected sunlight) or artificial source (light bulb). Mirror – reflects the light from the source to the specimen Diaphragm – regulates the amount of light striking the specimen Ocular eyepiece – focuses light to the eye; Objective – gathers light Condenser – concentrate light coming from the source.

18. Magnifying Parts Magnifying parts are the parts that enlarge object or specimen. Ocular lenses – enlarge the object to six times 6x or ten times 10x Objective lenses – aside from gathering the light, they magnify the image. Low Power Objectives (LPO) locates and enlarges the specimen 10x High Power Objective (HPO) enlarges the specimen 40x,43x, or 45x Oil Immersion Objective (OIO) enlarges the object 100x

19. Mechanical Parts Mechanical parts are the parts of the microscope that support, adjust, connect, and move other parts. Base – supports the entire weight of the microscope Pillar – connects the base and the body of the microscope. Arm – supports the body tube and the part is held when the microscope is carried from one place to another. Body tube – connects the lenses of the objectives and the ocular. Stage – holds the slide while the stage clips hold the slide firmly in place. Stage Clips – holds the slide firmly in place.

20. Mechanical Parts Adjustment screws – move the objectives to bring the specimen into focus. Coarse adjustment screw - is the large knob that moves the body tube faster to focus the specimen. Fine adjustment screw – is the smaller knob that is used as to get sharp focus of the specimen being viewed. Revolving nosepiece – is the rotating disc that holds the different objectives and allows for the shifting from one objective to the next. Dust shield – protects the lense in the objectives from dust.

21. COLUMN B. ILLUMINATING PART MAGNIFYING PART MECHANICAL PART COLUMN A. _____1. Base _____ 2. Mirror _____ 3. Arm _____ 4. Stage _____ 5. Eyepiece _____ 6. Body Tube _____ 7. Fine Adjustment Knob _____ 8. Objectives _____ 9. Diaphragm _____ 10. Ocular lens _____ 11. Revolving Nosepiece _____ 12. Coarse Adjustment Knob

22. How are Microscopes Useful?

23. Proper handling and storing of a compound microscope. Transportation : Carry the microscope by grasping the arm with one hand and supporting the weight with the other hand to prevent jolts and jars. Cleaning: Keep the microscope clean by using dustproof cover when not in use or storing it in its case. Dust Removal: Use a camel hair brush to remove dust, and carefully wipe lenses with lens tissue.

24. Proper handling and storing of a compound microscope. Cleaning Solvents: Avoid using alcohol or similar solvents to clean lenses. Moisture Prevention: Refrain from handling the microscope with wet hands to prevent moisture buildup.

25. Proper handling and storing of a compound microscope. Carrying: Always carry the microscope with both hands in an upright position, gripping the arm with one hand and supporting the base with the other. Storage: After use, ensure the microscope is clean and dry, align the eyepiece with the scanner, place it in its box, and store it in a cabinet. Keep silica gel in the box to prevent moisture

26. Activity 3: True or False _____1. It is okay to carry a microscope with one hand, holding it by the arm. _____2. You should always use a dust cover to protect the microscope when not in use. _____3. It's fine to leave a microscope uncovered on a lab bench overnight. _____4. The coarse adjustment knob should be used to make small, precise adjustments to focus. _____5. It's okay to touch the lenses of the microscope with your fingers.

27. _____6. You should always start focusing a specimen with the highest power objective lens. _____7. A microscope should be stored in a dry, clean environment. _____8. It's acceptable to use a microscope on a surface that is not level. _____9. The diaphragm controls the amount of light passing through the specimen. _____10. It's best to use a soft cloth to clean the lenses of a microscope

28. Focusing Specimens Using the Compound Microscope SPECIMEN – being used for microscopic investigations are usually mounted on a glass slide and covered with a thin glass coverslip. The specimen may be fresh or permanently mounted in balsam (called a prepared slide). The following are steps to be followed in focusing the specimen using a compound light microscope.

29. Focusing Specimens Using the Compound Microscope 1. Place the slide at the center of the stage directly over the glass hole. Fasten it with the stage clips. 2. Turn the revolving nosepiece so that the objective with the lowest magnification objectives is in proper position ( Scanner (4x) or LPO (10x) ) you will not know that the objective is in proper position when you hear a feeble click. 3. Look through the eyepiece/ocular. If the microscope uses a mirror, adjust it so the light ( natural or from the light bulb ) will be reflected upward through the glass hole. If the microscope uses a light bulb, just turn it on.

30. Focusing Specimens Using the Compound Microscope 4. To attain proper lighting, adjust the diaphragm until you attain the maximum and comfortable light level. 5. Looking through the eyepiece move the coarse adjustment knob ( up and down) until the image of the specimen comes into broad focus. 6. Move the slide around until the image of the specimen is at the center of the field of view. The field of view (FOV) is the circular, bright-lighted area where the specimen appears or is seen.

31. Focusing Specimens Using the Compound Microscope 7. Turn the fine adjustment knob to obtain the clearest image and for perfect focus. Observation of the specimen using the low power objective can begin. Take note that you can only shift to the higher power objective lens (e.g., HPO) when you have a clear image of the specimen with the low power objective lens. 8. When shifting to the next higher power objective lens, it may require an adjustment of the light intensity using the diaphragm and the fine adjustment knob. Take note that when using the HPO lens, only the fine adjustment knob should be used. Observation using the higher power objective lens can begin.

32. _____ 1.Look through the eyepiece/ocular. If the microscope uses a mirror, adjust it so the light _____ 2.Place the slide at the center of the stage directly over the glass hole. Fasten it with the stage clips. _____ 3.Turn the revolving nosepiece so that the objective with the lowest magnification objectives is in proper position ( Scanner (4x) _____4.Looking through the eyepiece move the coarse adjustment knob ( up and down) until the image of the specimen comes into broad focus. _____5.To attain proper lighting, adjust the diaphragm until you attain the maximum and comfortable light level. _____6.Move the slide around until the image of the specimen is at the center of the field of view. The field of view (FOV) is the circular, bright-lighted area where the specimen appears or is seen.

33. End