warm and humid climate

case study and design criteria about warm and humid climate and building example .
Laurie baker designed building in Thiruvananthapuram

1. SECONDARY CASE STUDY MODERN AND VERNACULAR BUILDING OF WARM AND HUMID CLIMATIC ZONE PREPARED BY: DHVANI P. RAGHVANI ROLL NO.:6 ROLL NO.: B

2. WARM AND HUMID CLIMATIC ZONE ENVIRONMEMTAL CONDITIONS: TEMPERATURE IS MODERATELY HIGH DURING DAY AND NIGHT VERY HIGH HUMIDITY AND RAINFALL DIFFUSED SOLAR RADIATION IF COULD COVER IS HIGH AND INTENSEIF SKY IS CLEAR CALM TO VERY HIGH WINDS FROM PREVILING WIND DIRECTIONS ABUNDANT VEGETATION PROVISION FOR DRAINAGE OF WATER REQUIRED OBJECTIVES: INCREASE EXPOSURE TO PREVAILING WINDS RESISTS HEAT GAIN BY DECREASING EXPOSED SURFACE AREA LIGHT WEIGHT CONSTRUCTION AND HIGHTHERMAL RESISTANCE GOOD VENTILATION RATE THROUGHOUT THE DAY DECREASE HUMIDITY LEVELS VENTILATED ROOF CONSTRUCTION ENABLING WATER RUN-OFF

3. VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF KERALA The term vernacular architecture is an architecture style that is designed based on: Local needs Availability on construction materials Reflecting ion local traditions Originally; vernacular architecture did not use formally schooled architecture Skills and tradition local builders.

4. VASTU SHASTRA dwelling or house with a corresponding plot of land. The designs are based on directional alignments. It is concerned primarily with architecture – building houses , forts, temples, apartments, and other buildings.

5. TYPES OF HOUSES USUALLY THE SINGLE HOUSES ARE CALLED ‘SALA’ IN THATCHUSASTRA. IF A HOUSE CONSTRUCTED FACING THE SOUTH AND THE EXTENSIONS ARE TAKEN FROM THE EASTERN AND WESTERN EDGES, IT BECOME HOUSE WITH HREEPARTS, THIS S CALLED ‘CHULLI’ AS PER HATCHUSASTRA. IF EXTENSION FRON BOTH THE ENDS OF A HOUSE FACING THE NORTH IS MADE IT CALLED ‘HIRANYABHI’ . IF TWO SEPARATE SALAS EXISTING ONE AT THE SOUTH AND THE OTHER AT THE NORTH AREJOINTE BY A LONG THOUGH SUCH A RESISDENCE IS CALLED ‘KANCHAM’. IF THE EAST AND WEST ARE JOINING BY A LONG SUCH A RESISDENCE IS CALLED ‘SIDHARDHAKAM’.

6. TYPES OF HOUSES RECTANGULAR SINGLE-HALL BUILDING (EKASHALA) WITH GRANARY (ARA) IN THIS TYPLOGY THE GRANARY BECOE THE MOST SIGNIFICANT ADITION.THE MAJOR ZONING CONSISTES OF VERANDA THAT BECOME THE OUTER ZONE AND THE INNER CORE CONSISTS OF GRANARY,KITCHEN AND THE FUNCYIONS ROOM ETC SOMETIMES SUCH HOUSES ARE CONSTRUCTED AS AN ANNEX TO THE MAIN HOUSE.

7. TYPES OF HOUSES EKASHALA WITH COURTYARD LIKE EXTENSION THIS HOUSING TYPOLOGY IS VARIATION OF NALUKETTU WHEREIN THE COURTYARD IS SMALLER AND ACTS AS WATER CISTERN. THE COURTYARD ACTS AS A TRANSITION SPACE BETWEEN THE MAIN BULDING AND THE ANNEX.THIS TRANSITION SPACE IS ESSENTIAL AS TO CREATE IS DISTRICT DEMARCATION BETWEEN THE PUBLIC ZONE WHICH IS THE MAIN HOUSE AND THE PRIVATE ZONE WHICH IS THE ANNEX.

8. TYPES OF HOUSES : NALUKETTU IF ALL THE FOUR STRCUTURE ABOVE ARE JOINED AS ONE HOUSE IT IS CALLED A ‘ NALUKETTU’. THERE WILL BE ‘POOJA MURI’ (PLACE OF WORSHIP) ‘NELLARA’ (ROOM FOR KEEPING PADDY) ON BOTH THE SIDE THERE WILL BE TWO BED ROOMS ‘THEKKINI’ AND ‘ KIZHAKINI ’ ARE MEANT RECEVIRNG GUESTS. ‘ VADAKKINI ’ IS FOR COOKING AND DINNING. IN THE MIDDLE OF THE STRUCTURE THERE WILL BE THE CENTRAL YARD WHICH WILL BE IN A RECATAGULAR SHAPE ‘ NADUMUTTAM ’. THERE IS AN UNDERGROUND CAVE FOR FLOWING CUT THE RAIN WATER.

9. TYPES OF HOUSES : ETTUKETTU AN ‘ETTUKETTU’ IS THAT WHICH IS JOINED BY TWO ‘NALUKETTUS’. AN ETTUKETTU WILL HAVE TWO ‘NADUMUTTAM’S .

10. CONCLUSION THESE BUILDINGS ARE A GOOD EXAMPLE OF THE SAYING ‘FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION’. THE DESIGN EXIBITS A RANGE OF CONCEPTS APPLIED BY LAURIE BAKER, TO THE INDIVIDUAL BULDING AS PER SUITING TO THEIR NEEDS OF FUCTION, SCALE, AND DIMENSION.

11. CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDY LAURIE BAKER

12. CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDY BAKERS DESIGN WAS SIMPLE YET ATTRACTIVE AIMING AT LESS CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY AS IN THE HOSTEL BUILDING OF CENTRE FOR DEVELPOMENT STUDIES. HIS DESIGNS ARE GENERALLY ACCOMPLISHED WITH BRICK WIRK AND VERNACULAR MATERIAL LIKE LIME, MANGLORETILE, STONE ETC. IT IS A PLEASURE TO SEE CDS ON SLOPING CONTOURED SITE WHOSE EACH STRUCTURE CURLRD IN A WAVW, SEMICIRCLE IN ARC.

13. CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDY BAKER PAID MORE ATTENSION TO THE CONTOUURES ON THE SITE AND LOCATION OF TREES. BAKER SIMPLY MOULDS WALS AROUND TREES SO AS NOT TO DISTURB IT, HE MANUPULATE NATURAL ELEMENT TO ACHIEVE COMFORT.

14. CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDY THERE ARE LITTLE COURTYARDS IN BETWEEN BUILDINGS, OFTEN ACTING AS AN EXTENSION OF THE BUILDING ITSELF AND ALSO POOLS OF WATER WHICH HELP TO MICROCLIMATIC CONTROL THROGH EVAPORATING COOLING.

15. CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDY The lime is made by bringing the sea shells from a few the outer wall of the library tower is provided with opening near the sloping terrace accompanied by the framed glass window and the most profound earthly element compressive strength brick .

16. 1.FOYER 2. ROOM 3.TOILET 4.BALCONY Exterior Jali wall WOMEN’S HOSTEL

17. WOMEN’S HOSTEL MEN’S HOSTEL

18. MEN’S HOSTEL

19. CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDY Flooring: It is in red oxide which imparts a cool comfortable base. There are external pavements in concrete, inset with granite aggregates in the shape of flowers and leafs.

20. CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDY Roof: The roof of the library is a traditional roof made up of the vernacular material the Mangalore tile over the folded concrete slab as filler also helped in lightening the roof weight and eliminating the use of timber.

21. CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDY Staircase; Library tower is circular with circular staircase in centre. It has circular hollow shaft all the way having small opening on each level it maintaining good flow of wind, it is based on the simple principle of stack effect.

22. CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDY Jali: It is earthly perforated screens which diffuse glare and encourage air flow. Numerous designs creating amazing patterns of light and shade inside the building while at the same time letting wind and light.

23. CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDY Filler slab: It is one such cost effective roofing system which is based on the concrete portions and insured placing filler material there. The material used as a replacement includes bricks, tiles, cellular concrete blocks. This technique is cost effective is used at each storey of library tower.

24. Thank you