Was St Paul a Former Slave? Were His Parents Enslaved by the Romans?
BruceStrom1
50 views
62 slides
Jun 04, 2024
Slide 1 of 62
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
About This Presentation
Was St Paul a Former Slave? Were his parents enslaved by the Romans?
Were slaves the employees of the ancient world?
How did slavery in the ancient world differ from slavery in the Deep South before the Civil War?
Could employees be paid so little that they are wage slaves?
For more interesting ...
Slide Content
-
Was St Paul a Former Slave? Were his parents
enslaved by the Romans?
Were slaves the employees of the ancient world?
How did slavery in the ancient world differ from
slavery in the Deep South before the Civil War?
Could employees be paid so little that they are wage
slaves?
enslaved by the Romans?
Were slaves the employees of the ancient world?
How did slavery in the ancient world differ from
slavery in the Deep South before the Civil War?
Could employees be paid so little that they are wage
slaves?
Please, we welcome interesting questions in the
comments. Let us learn and reflect together!
At the end of our talk, we will discuss the sources
used for this video.
Please feel free to follow along in the PowerPoint
script we uploaded to SlideShare, which includes
illustrations. Our sister blog includes footnotes, both
include our Amazon book links.
comments. Let us learn and reflect together!
At the end of our talk, we will discuss the sources
used for this video.
Please feel free to follow along in the PowerPoint
script we uploaded to SlideShare, which includes
illustrations. Our sister blog includes footnotes, both
include our Amazon book links.
Was St Paul a Former Slave?
https://youtu.be/KJOBoAGPGVI
https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2024/may-june/
https://amzn.to/37poL1H
YouTube Channel (click to subscribe):
Reflections on Morality, Philosophy, and History:
© Copyright 2024 Become a patron:
https://www.patreon.com/seekingvirtueandwisdom
https://www.youtube.com/@ReflectionsMPH/?sub_confirmation=1
https://amzn.to/3AmccR4
https://amzn.to/3irXrGo
https://amzn.to/2UHXMeW
https://amzn.to/3s36TmL
https://amzn.to/2U255xW
https://youtu.be/KJOBoAGPGVI
https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2024/may-june/
https://amzn.to/37poL1H
YouTube Channel (click to subscribe):
Reflections on Morality, Philosophy, and History:
© Copyright 2024 Become a patron:
https://www.patreon.com/seekingvirtueandwisdom
https://www.youtube.com/@ReflectionsMPH/?sub_confirmation=1
https://amzn.to/3AmccR4
https://amzn.to/3irXrGo
https://amzn.to/2UHXMeW
https://amzn.to/3s36TmL
https://amzn.to/2U255xW
To find the source of any direct
quotes in this blog, please type in
the phrase to the search box in
my blog to see the referenced
footnote.
YouTube Description has links for:
•Script PDF file
•Blog
© Copyright 2024
Blog and YouTube Description
include links for Amazon books
and lectures mentioned, please
support our channel with these
affiliate commissions.
Links to blog:https://wp.me/pachSU-1cF
quotes in this blog, please type in
the phrase to the search box in
my blog to see the referenced
footnote.
YouTube Description has links for:
•Script PDF file
•Blog
© Copyright 2024
Blog and YouTube Description
include links for Amazon books
and lectures mentioned, please
support our channel with these
affiliate commissions.
Links to blog:https://wp.me/pachSU-1cF
The May/June 2024 issue of Christianity Today has a persuasive article,
Paul Unchained, that argues that either St Paul, or St Paul’s parents, were
slaves, though St Paul was definitely both a free man and a Roman citizen
when he was called to be an apostle.
When we think of slaves, we immediately think of the torments blacks
faced when enslaved prior to the Civil War. But ancient slaves were very
different from slaves in the antebellum South, the ancient slavery system
was not raced-based slavery, where slaves were thought to be subhuman,
and it was more common for ancient slaves to either purchase or be
granted their freedom, particularly in Rome, where slaves were more
numerous.
Paul Unchained, that argues that either St Paul, or St Paul’s parents, were
slaves, though St Paul was definitely both a free man and a Roman citizen
when he was called to be an apostle.
When we think of slaves, we immediately think of the torments blacks
faced when enslaved prior to the Civil War. But ancient slaves were very
different from slaves in the antebellum South, the ancient slavery system
was not raced-based slavery, where slaves were thought to be subhuman,
and it was more common for ancient slaves to either purchase or be
granted their freedom, particularly in Rome, where slaves were more
numerous.
A cotton plantation on the Mississippi, 1884
Cotton pickers in the field
Our authors in Christianity Today note that “many Bible translations have chosen to use the term
servant or bondservant rather than slave,” recognizing that ancient slavery was neither as brutal
nor was it race-based as was pre-Civil War slavery in the Confederacy.
Andromache in Captivity, by Frederic Leighton, 1886
servant or bondservant rather than slave,” recognizing that ancient slavery was neither as brutal
nor was it race-based as was pre-Civil War slavery in the Confederacy.
Andromache in Captivity, by Frederic Leighton, 1886
Andromache in Captivity, by Frederic Leighton, 1886
Slavery in Ancient Greece and Rome
Slavery in Ancient Greece and Rome
What were the main sources of slaves in the ancient world?
Many were born into slavery, and many were captured by pirates
or brigands and sold into slavery. Many slaves were captured in
war, as most ancient cultures were warrior cultures out of
necessity. If the forces of a city-state lost a battle to a hostile
enemy, often all property would be pillaged, the military-aged
men would be slaughtered, and the women and children would
be enslaved.
Many were born into slavery, and many were captured by pirates
or brigands and sold into slavery. Many slaves were captured in
war, as most ancient cultures were warrior cultures out of
necessity. If the forces of a city-state lost a battle to a hostile
enemy, often all property would be pillaged, the military-aged
men would be slaughtered, and the women and children would
be enslaved.
https://youtu.be/7QAZ_s6zw4E
In contrast, the Roman armies typically enslaved the men also,
rather than slaying them, although sometimes barbarian soldiers
would be recruited to serve in a province far from home. The
slaves who toiled in mines or on vast plantations often did not
live long and had little hope of freedom. But city and household
slaves were often freed after many years of service. If they
became tradesmen, they could purchase their freedom from
wages they earned. In the early days of the Roman Empire, vast
numbers of slaves were captured in their conquests. The Romans
knew that if slaves thought that their slavery was not permanent,
they would be less likely to revolt.
rather than slaying them, although sometimes barbarian soldiers
would be recruited to serve in a province far from home. The
slaves who toiled in mines or on vast plantations often did not
live long and had little hope of freedom. But city and household
slaves were often freed after many years of service. If they
became tradesmen, they could purchase their freedom from
wages they earned. In the early days of the Roman Empire, vast
numbers of slaves were captured in their conquests. The Romans
knew that if slaves thought that their slavery was not permanent,
they would be less likely to revolt.
The Slave Market in
Rome, by Gustave
Boulanger, 1886
Rome, by Gustave
Boulanger, 1886
Quite often the question is asked: What didn’t St Paul seek to abolish slavery?
(REPEAT) Our author answers: “The first Christians had their minds almost
exclusively fixed on the Second Coming, which they believed was imminent. There
wasn’t time to reform entrenched Roman injustices.”
Although this is the common answer, it ignores the fact that no one in the ancient
world had any inclination to abolish slavery. Slaves were the employees of the
ancient world. James Boice, in his commentary on Ephesians, makes this point,
observing that workers can also be abused as slaves were in the ancient world.
When a full-time worker cannot earn enough to feed, clothe, and house his family
with dignity, then he is a wage slave. In fact, Boice suggests that when interpreting
Ephesians, you should replace the word SLAVE with EMPLOYEE:
(REPEAT) Our author answers: “The first Christians had their minds almost
exclusively fixed on the Second Coming, which they believed was imminent. There
wasn’t time to reform entrenched Roman injustices.”
Although this is the common answer, it ignores the fact that no one in the ancient
world had any inclination to abolish slavery. Slaves were the employees of the
ancient world. James Boice, in his commentary on Ephesians, makes this point,
observing that workers can also be abused as slaves were in the ancient world.
When a full-time worker cannot earn enough to feed, clothe, and house his family
with dignity, then he is a wage slave. In fact, Boice suggests that when interpreting
Ephesians, you should replace the word SLAVE with EMPLOYEE:
https://youtu.be/Tz8EVYLuYoc
Our author answers: “The first Christians had their minds almost
exclusively fixed on the Second Coming, which they believed was
imminent. There wasn’t time to reform entrenched Roman injustices.”
Our author answers: “The first Christians had their minds almost
exclusively fixed on the Second Coming, which they believed was
imminent. There wasn’t time to reform entrenched Roman injustices.”
https://youtu.be/O67cmVRvBtA
St Paul, Ephesians 6: “Slaves (and
employees), be obedient to those
who are your earthly masters
(employers), with fear and
trembling, in singleness of heart, as
to Christ; not in the way of eye-
service, as men-pleasers, but as
servants of Christ, doing the will of
God from the heart, rendering
service with a good will as to the
Lord and not to men, knowing that
whatever good any one does, he will
receive the same again from the
Lord, whether he is a slave or free.”Roman mosaic depicting slaves performing agricultural tasks
employees), be obedient to those
who are your earthly masters
(employers), with fear and
trembling, in singleness of heart, as
to Christ; not in the way of eye-
service, as men-pleasers, but as
servants of Christ, doing the will of
God from the heart, rendering
service with a good will as to the
Lord and not to men, knowing that
whatever good any one does, he will
receive the same again from the
Lord, whether he is a slave or free.”Roman mosaic depicting slaves performing agricultural tasks
The only practical difference
between a slave and an employee is
the employee can choose his master.
Masters, and employers, likewise
have a duty to be respectful towards
their slaves, or employees.
St Paul, Ephesians 6, continued:
“Masters (employers), do the same
to them, and forbear threatening,
knowing that he who is both their
Master and yours in heaven, and that
there is no partiality with him.”
Roman Mosaic at Sidi Ghrib in Tunisia depicting two female slaves
attending their mistress
between a slave and an employee is
the employee can choose his master.
Masters, and employers, likewise
have a duty to be respectful towards
their slaves, or employees.
St Paul, Ephesians 6, continued:
“Masters (employers), do the same
to them, and forbear threatening,
knowing that he who is both their
Master and yours in heaven, and that
there is no partiality with him.”
Roman Mosaic at Sidi Ghrib in Tunisia depicting two female slaves
attending their mistress
The trend among the Old Testament prophets, the
New Testament Christians, and the Stoic
Philosophers, was to continually improve the
conditions of slaves, granting them greater respect
and dignity, and improving their welfare.
New Testament Christians, and the Stoic
Philosophers, was to continually improve the
conditions of slaves, granting them greater respect
and dignity, and improving their welfare.
https://youtu.be/poyvJajCXnE
Were Some Ancient Slaves Well Educated?
Another difference is that many ancient slaves were
well educated. In contrast, slave owners in the Deep
South before the Civil War did not teach their slaves
how to read, worried they would then read
abolitionist literature. In fact, the Southern states
made it illegal to teach a slave how to read after
rebellious slaves murdered many white slave owners
in the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion.
well educated. In contrast, slave owners in the Deep
South before the Civil War did not teach their slaves
how to read, worried they would then read
abolitionist literature. In fact, the Southern states
made it illegal to teach a slave how to read after
rebellious slaves murdered many white slave owners
in the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion.
Nat Turner Slave Rebellion, 1831
Nat Turner Slave Rebellion, 1831
We have several examples from both ancient Rome
and Greece. The leading Roman Stoic Philosopher
Epictetus was a former slave of a former slave. He
likely attended the philosophy classes of Musonius
Rufus while he was still a slave, he constantly cites
Rufus in his lectures. Epictetus emphasized that you
can be free in your soul even when serving under
brutal servitude.
and Greece. The leading Roman Stoic Philosopher
Epictetus was a former slave of a former slave. He
likely attended the philosophy classes of Musonius
Rufus while he was still a slave, he constantly cites
Rufus in his lectures. Epictetus emphasized that you
can be free in your soul even when serving under
brutal servitude.
https://youtu.be/Dhd543kov-E
The Greek Cynic Philosopher Diogenes of Sinope, a predecessor to the
Greek stoics, was captured by pirates and sold into slavery in Corinth. He
was purchased by a citizen who employed him as a tutor for this two
young sons, he taught them to live their lives as Cynic philosophers. He
declined offers from his friends in Athens to purchase his freedom. He
was considered part of the family and was buried in the family plot. This
was common in the ancient Greek culture, often the household slaves
were formerly considered part of the oikos, or family.
After Rome conquered Greece, many Roman families eagerly purchased
educated Greek slaves to serve as tutors for their children.
Greek stoics, was captured by pirates and sold into slavery in Corinth. He
was purchased by a citizen who employed him as a tutor for this two
young sons, he taught them to live their lives as Cynic philosophers. He
declined offers from his friends in Athens to purchase his freedom. He
was considered part of the family and was buried in the family plot. This
was common in the ancient Greek culture, often the household slaves
were formerly considered part of the oikos, or family.
After Rome conquered Greece, many Roman families eagerly purchased
educated Greek slaves to serve as tutors for their children.
https://youtu.be/zAAal5p8AX8
Were Paul’s Parents Enslaved by the Romans?
Roman Mosaic Dugga, Tunisia depicting slaves carrying wine jars, around 200 AD
Roman Mosaic Dugga, Tunisia depicting slaves carrying wine jars, around 200 AD
Our authors in Christianity Today note that several prominent Biblical scholars in
past 150 years have speculated that Paul’s parents were enslaved, perhaps in “the
uprising in 4 BC, when Varus, Roman governor of Syria, burned entire cities and
crucified 2,000 people. In Galilean cities like Sepphoris, Josephus wrote in
Antiquities of the Jews, ‘troops made its inhabitants slaves.’” Furthermore, in St
Jerome’s commentary on Philemon, written around the end of the fourth century,
likely using Origen’s commentary as a source, states St Paul’s parents were from
Gischala in Judea, and were among the Jews exiled to Tarsus by the Romans. A few
centuries later, St Photius, the scholarly bishop of Constantinople, confirms this,
adding that St Paul was born to enslaved parents in Tarsus. These ancient sources
are highly regarded by modern scholars.
past 150 years have speculated that Paul’s parents were enslaved, perhaps in “the
uprising in 4 BC, when Varus, Roman governor of Syria, burned entire cities and
crucified 2,000 people. In Galilean cities like Sepphoris, Josephus wrote in
Antiquities of the Jews, ‘troops made its inhabitants slaves.’” Furthermore, in St
Jerome’s commentary on Philemon, written around the end of the fourth century,
likely using Origen’s commentary as a source, states St Paul’s parents were from
Gischala in Judea, and were among the Jews exiled to Tarsus by the Romans. A few
centuries later, St Photius, the scholarly bishop of Constantinople, confirms this,
adding that St Paul was born to enslaved parents in Tarsus. These ancient sources
are highly regarded by modern scholars.
Roman Mosaic Dugga, Tunisia depicting slaves carrying wine jars, around 200 AD
Our authors in Christianity Today note that in “the uprising in 4 BC, when Varus, Roman
governor of Syria, burned entire cities and crucified 2,000 people. In Galilean cities like
Sepphoris, Josephus wrote in Antiquities of the Jews, ‘troops made its inhabitants slaves.’”
Our authors in Christianity Today note that in “the uprising in 4 BC, when Varus, Roman
governor of Syria, burned entire cities and crucified 2,000 people. In Galilean cities like
Sepphoris, Josephus wrote in Antiquities of the Jews, ‘troops made its inhabitants slaves.’”
Roman Mosaic Dugga, Tunisia depicting slaves carrying wine jars, around 200 AD
Our Christianity Today authors
note that “when Paul told the
commander in Acts 22:28 that he
was born a Roman citizen, that
word, gennao, can refer to birth
or adoption. Freed Roman slaves
were often adopted into their
master’s family and given a
Roman name and citizenship.”
Since St Paul says he was born a
free man, his parents were freed
from slavery, either by buying
their freedom, or through a will,
or by a generous master, which
was common in Roman society.
Captives in Rome, by Charles William Bartlett, 1888
note that “when Paul told the
commander in Acts 22:28 that he
was born a Roman citizen, that
word, gennao, can refer to birth
or adoption. Freed Roman slaves
were often adopted into their
master’s family and given a
Roman name and citizenship.”
Since St Paul says he was born a
free man, his parents were freed
from slavery, either by buying
their freedom, or through a will,
or by a generous master, which
was common in Roman society.
Captives in Rome, by Charles William Bartlett, 1888
Our authors note that in Philemon,
“Paul refers to himself in very Jewish
terms: ‘a Hebrew of Hebrews,’
Aramaic speaking, of the tribe of
Benjamin, a Pharisee, a zealot.” Also,
“Paul is obsessed with the language
of slavery. In his writings, he speaks
constantly of it: Of bondage. Of
freedom. Of adoption. Of shackles.
Of citizenship. The two most
common openings to Paul’s epistles
are ‘Paul, an apostle of Christ’ and
‘Paul, a slave of Christ.’”
Gemma Augustea onyx cameo depicting Augustus receiving a wreath
amid divinities; below, erect war trophy and ready captives for sale
“Paul refers to himself in very Jewish
terms: ‘a Hebrew of Hebrews,’
Aramaic speaking, of the tribe of
Benjamin, a Pharisee, a zealot.” Also,
“Paul is obsessed with the language
of slavery. In his writings, he speaks
constantly of it: Of bondage. Of
freedom. Of adoption. Of shackles.
Of citizenship. The two most
common openings to Paul’s epistles
are ‘Paul, an apostle of Christ’ and
‘Paul, a slave of Christ.’”
Gemma Augustea onyx cameo depicting Augustus receiving a wreath
amid divinities; below, erect war trophy and ready captives for sale
St Paul Returning to Philemon His Slave
Apparently, Onesimus had run away from his master,
Philemon, fleeing to St Paul, serving him while he
was in prison. St Paul allowed him to stay for a time,
instructing him in the faith, but the time came when
he would return Onesimus to his master.
Philemon, fleeing to St Paul, serving him while he
was in prison. St Paul allowed him to stay for a time,
instructing him in the faith, but the time came when
he would return Onesimus to his master.
Onesimus brought with him this epistle from
Paul: “I appeal to you for my child, Onesimus,
whose father I have become in my
imprisonment. Formerly he was useless to
you, but now he is indeed useful to you and
to me. I am sending him back to you, sending
my very heart. I would have been glad to
keep him with me, in order that he might
serve me on your behalf during my
imprisonment for the gospel; but I preferred
to do nothing without your consent in order
that your goodness might not be by
compulsion but of your own free will.”
St Paul in Prison, by Rembrandt, 1600's
Paul: “I appeal to you for my child, Onesimus,
whose father I have become in my
imprisonment. Formerly he was useless to
you, but now he is indeed useful to you and
to me. I am sending him back to you, sending
my very heart. I would have been glad to
keep him with me, in order that he might
serve me on your behalf during my
imprisonment for the gospel; but I preferred
to do nothing without your consent in order
that your goodness might not be by
compulsion but of your own free will.”
St Paul in Prison, by Rembrandt, 1600's
The Christianity Today
author observes that St Paul
is using the Greek word
“splanchna” for heart, a
word that “denotes one’s
innermost feelings,” rather
than the more commonly
used Greek word “kardia.”
Our author speculates,
“Why was Paul so
personally involved? He
knew what it was like to
walk in Onesimus’ sandals.”
Conversion of Onesimus, by Benjamin West, 1780
author observes that St Paul
is using the Greek word
“splanchna” for heart, a
word that “denotes one’s
innermost feelings,” rather
than the more commonly
used Greek word “kardia.”
Our author speculates,
“Why was Paul so
personally involved? He
knew what it was like to
walk in Onesimus’ sandals.”
Conversion of Onesimus, by Benjamin West, 1780
St Paul continues his epistle to
Philemon: “Perhaps this is why he was
parted from you for a while, that you
might have him back for ever, no
longer as a slave but more than a
slave, as a beloved brother, especially
to me but how much more to you,
both in the flesh and in the Lord. So, if
you consider me your partner, receive
him as you would receive me. If he
has wronged you at all, or owes you
anything, charge that to my account.”
Onesimus returns to Philemon, Medieval manuscript
Philemon: “Perhaps this is why he was
parted from you for a while, that you
might have him back for ever, no
longer as a slave but more than a
slave, as a beloved brother, especially
to me but how much more to you,
both in the flesh and in the Lord. So, if
you consider me your partner, receive
him as you would receive me. If he
has wronged you at all, or owes you
anything, charge that to my account.”
Onesimus returns to Philemon, Medieval manuscript
There was an honored church tradition that
Onesimus first became of pastor of pastors, and later
served as the bishop of Ephesus after Timothy’s
martyrdom, and was himself martyred in his old age.
Onesimus first became of pastor of pastors, and later
served as the bishop of Ephesus after Timothy’s
martyrdom, and was himself martyred in his old age.
Onesimus of Byzantium, Icon, and Martyrdom, 985 AD
Slavery References in Other Pauline Epistles
The patrician's siesta with attending slaves, by Henryk Siemiradzki, 1881
The patrician's siesta with attending slaves, by Henryk Siemiradzki, 1881
The numerous references to slavery in other Pauline
Epistles support the argument that either St Paul and/or
his parents were former slaves. For example, St Paul often
referred to himself as a slave who belonged to Christ, as in
Romans 1:1 and Philippians 1:1. He exhorted Christians not
to be slaves to sin, as in Romans 6:15-23. Paul even said
that Christ took on the nature of a slave and became poor
for our sake in 2 Corinthians 8:9 and Philippians 2:7.
Epistles support the argument that either St Paul and/or
his parents were former slaves. For example, St Paul often
referred to himself as a slave who belonged to Christ, as in
Romans 1:1 and Philippians 1:1. He exhorted Christians not
to be slaves to sin, as in Romans 6:15-23. Paul even said
that Christ took on the nature of a slave and became poor
for our sake in 2 Corinthians 8:9 and Philippians 2:7.
Romans 1:1
Philippians 1:1
Romans 6:15-23
2 Corinthians 8:9
Philippians 2:7
Galatians 3:28
The patrician's siesta with attending slaves, by Henryk Siemiradzki, 1881
Philippians 1:1
Romans 6:15-23
2 Corinthians 8:9
Philippians 2:7
Galatians 3:28
The patrician's siesta with attending slaves, by Henryk Siemiradzki, 1881
Romans 1:1
Philippians 1:1
Romans 6:15-23
2 Corinthians 8:9
Philippians 2:7
Galatians 3:28
The patrician's siesta with attending slaves, by Henryk Siemiradzki, 1881
St Paul's memorable verse in Galatians 3: “For as many of you as were baptized
into Christ have put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither
slave nor free, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus.”
Philippians 1:1
Romans 6:15-23
2 Corinthians 8:9
Philippians 2:7
Galatians 3:28
The patrician's siesta with attending slaves, by Henryk Siemiradzki, 1881
St Paul's memorable verse in Galatians 3: “For as many of you as were baptized
into Christ have put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither
slave nor free, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus.”
There was another leader in the ancient church,
Hermas in the epistle Shepherd of Hermas, who was
a former slave of Rhoda, who appears to him in a
vision. The Shepherd of Hermas was included in the
liturgy of many early Christian churches.
Hermas in the epistle Shepherd of Hermas, who was
a former slave of Rhoda, who appears to him in a
vision. The Shepherd of Hermas was included in the
liturgy of many early Christian churches.
https://youtu.be/NFQ3fGocis0
We cannot conclude a discussion of slavery without pointing out an ugly
fact of both ancient and modern systems of slavery, and that is the ugly
reality that, quite often, young masters sexually abused their female
slaves and concubines. In fact, it was often not seen as sexual abuse,
since they could do as they wished with their property. The plot of
Homer’s Iliad revolves around warriors fighting over captured
concubines, and the Torah itself legislates that Jewish warriors should
respect the concubines they capture in war as they would respect Jewish
wives. This issue does not disappear with the end of chattel slavery,
Harvey Weinstein and the Me Too movement attests to the perennial
problem of sexual abuse in the workplace.
fact of both ancient and modern systems of slavery, and that is the ugly
reality that, quite often, young masters sexually abused their female
slaves and concubines. In fact, it was often not seen as sexual abuse,
since they could do as they wished with their property. The plot of
Homer’s Iliad revolves around warriors fighting over captured
concubines, and the Torah itself legislates that Jewish warriors should
respect the concubines they capture in war as they would respect Jewish
wives. This issue does not disappear with the end of chattel slavery,
Harvey Weinstein and the Me Too movement attests to the perennial
problem of sexual abuse in the workplace.
https://youtu.be/DpmuhZJUJn0
https://youtu.be/7lI2ZQ50wRchttps://youtu.be/bGHHD7XTvr0
https://youtu.be/ynIx-AVI2f8
https://youtu.be/7lI2ZQ50wRchttps://youtu.be/bGHHD7XTvr0
https://youtu.be/ynIx-AVI2f8
We have other reflections on the slave
autobiographies of Frederick Douglass, Booker T
Washington, and Augustine Tolton, plus essays on the
challenges faced by Southern blacks shortly after the
Civil War by WEB Dubois.
autobiographies of Frederick Douglass, Booker T
Washington, and Augustine Tolton, plus essays on the
challenges faced by Southern blacks shortly after the
Civil War by WEB Dubois.
https://youtu.be/yxDnJ6sBoJchttps://youtu.be/7VkzhyNnuQk
https://youtu.be/dZbzWJkAf5khttps://youtu.be/x212gx1lNIA
https://youtu.be/dZbzWJkAf5khttps://youtu.be/x212gx1lNIA
Plus, we have many narratives of slaves fleeing from
bondage before the Civil War via the Underground
Railroad.
bondage before the Civil War via the Underground
Railroad.
-
https://youtu.be/kRSzNZP73og https://youtu.be/kRSzNZP73og
https://youtu.be/Lkk30_zIDI0
https://youtu.be/kRSzNZP73og https://youtu.be/kRSzNZP73og
https://youtu.be/Lkk30_zIDI0
Discussing the Sources
Our primary source is the article, Paul Unchained, in the
May/June 2024 issue of Christianity Today, a magazine that was
founded by Billy Graham for church leaders and informed
laymen. Another primary source is the lectures on Greek and
Roman slaves by the Teaching Company, now Wondrium, plus
Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey. Although Homer’s accounts are
fictional, and very ancient, they nevertheless provide a valuable
window into ancient Greek culture. Plus, Andrew McGuckin’s
review of the first thousand years of Christianity has a discussion
of ancient slavery. Finally, we have two sources that discuss
slavery in ancient Israel.
May/June 2024 issue of Christianity Today, a magazine that was
founded by Billy Graham for church leaders and informed
laymen. Another primary source is the lectures on Greek and
Roman slaves by the Teaching Company, now Wondrium, plus
Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey. Although Homer’s accounts are
fictional, and very ancient, they nevertheless provide a valuable
window into ancient Greek culture. Plus, Andrew McGuckin’s
review of the first thousand years of Christianity has a discussion
of ancient slavery. Finally, we have two sources that discuss
slavery in ancient Israel.
https://amzn.to/37poL1H
Was St Paul a Former Slave?
https://youtu.be/KJOBoAGPGVI
https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2024/may-june/
https://amzn.to/37poL1H
YouTube Channel (click to subscribe):
Reflections on Morality, Philosophy, and History:
© Copyright 2024 Become a patron:
https://www.patreon.com/seekingvirtueandwisdom
https://www.youtube.com/@ReflectionsMPH/?sub_confirmation=1
https://amzn.to/3AmccR4
https://amzn.to/3irXrGo
https://amzn.to/2UHXMeW
https://amzn.to/3s36TmL
https://amzn.to/2U255xW
https://youtu.be/KJOBoAGPGVI
https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2024/may-june/
https://amzn.to/37poL1H
YouTube Channel (click to subscribe):
Reflections on Morality, Philosophy, and History:
© Copyright 2024 Become a patron:
https://www.patreon.com/seekingvirtueandwisdom
https://www.youtube.com/@ReflectionsMPH/?sub_confirmation=1
https://amzn.to/3AmccR4
https://amzn.to/3irXrGo
https://amzn.to/2UHXMeW
https://amzn.to/3s36TmL
https://amzn.to/2U255xW
To find the source of any direct
quotes in this blog, please type in
the phrase to the search box in
my blog to see the referenced
footnote.
YouTube Description has links for:
•Script PDF file
•Blog
© Copyright 2024
Blog and YouTube Description
include links for Amazon books
and lectures mentioned, please
support our channel with these
affiliate commissions.
Links to blog:https://wp.me/pachSU-1cF
quotes in this blog, please type in
the phrase to the search box in
my blog to see the referenced
footnote.
YouTube Description has links for:
•Script PDF file
•Blog
© Copyright 2024
Blog and YouTube Description
include links for Amazon books
and lectures mentioned, please
support our channel with these
affiliate commissions.
Links to blog:https://wp.me/pachSU-1cF
https://www.patreon.com/seekingvirtueandwisdom
https://www.meetup.com/Reflections/
https://www.meetup.com/Reflections/
https://www.patreon.com/seekingvirtueandwisdom
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLqDkfFbWhXOnzdjp__YZtg/
Categories
TechnologyDownload
Download Slideshow Get the original presentation fileQuick Actions
Statistics
- Views 50
- Slides 62
- Favorites 1
- Age 567 days
Related Slideshows
11
8-top-ai-courses-for-customer-support-representatives-in-2025.pptx
JeroenErne2
86 views
10
7-essential-ai-courses-for-call-center-supervisors-in-2025.pptx
JeroenErne2
80 views
13
25-essential-ai-courses-for-user-support-specialists-in-2025.pptx
JeroenErne2
76 views
11
8-essential-ai-courses-for-insurance-customer-service-representatives-in-2025.pptx
JeroenErne2
62 views
21
Know for Certain
DaveSinNM
37 views
17
PPT OPD LES 3ertt4t4tqqqe23e3e3rq2qq232.pptx
novasedanayoga46
41 views