Water harvesting

it is about save water and increase your life

1. WATER HARVESTING Presented by MD FAIZ ALI 13U61A0104

2. contents Introduction. Concept and Technology. Average Rainfall of States in India. Runoff Coefficients for Various Catchments Surfaces. Rainwater Harvesting System. Treatment Techniques. Materials for Rainwater Tanks . Components of Rainwater harvesting. Conclusion .

3. WHAT IS water harvesting ? It is the activity of direct collection of rain water . Water harvesting means capturing rain water, where it falls and capture the runoff from, catchment and streams etc. Generally, water harvesting is direct rainwater collection. This collected water could be stored for later use and recharged into the ground water again .

4. Rain Water in India Total annual rainfall in India: (area x height) India’s area: 329 million hectares If evenly spread, average height : 1.28 m 329 X 1.28 = 421.12millimiters

5. Average Rainfall in India Sl.No States Meteorological Divisions A A R (mm) 01 Andaman and Nicobar Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2,967 02 Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh 2,782 03 Assam Assam and Meghalaya 2,818 04 Meghalaya Assam and Meghalaya 2,818 05 Nagaland Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram an Tripura 1,881 06 Manipur Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura 1,881 07 Mizoram Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura 1,881 08 Tripura Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura 1,881 09 West Bengal Sub-Himalayan West Bengal and Sikkim 2,739 Gangetic West Bengal 1,439 10 Sikkim Sub-Himalayan West Bengal and Sikkim 2,739

6. WHY WATER HARVESTING IS IMPORTANT ? To conserve & augment the storage of ground water To reduce water table depletion To improve the quality of ground water To arrest sea water intrusion in coastal areas To avoid flood & water stagnation in urban areas

7. Techniques of rain water harvestings. There are two main techniques of rain water harvestings. Storage of rainwater on surface for future use. Recharge to ground water.

8. Rain RAIN WATER HARVESTING Roof Top Filtration Storage Recharge to ground water

9. Technology for Rain water Harvesting

10. Example of Small level Rain Water harvesting in villages in India

11. Rain Water Distribution & Management

12. TYPES OF TANK Masonry Tanks Reinforced Cement Concrete Tank (RCC) Ferro Cement Jars Pot shaped container: Ferro cement Tank using Skeletal Cage

13. Pot shaped container Ferro Cement Jars RCC Tank Masonry Tank FTSC Tank

14. Determine Tank Capacity For Rectangular Tank Height x Length x Width = Cubic Feet x 7.47 = Gallons Round Tank π × R² × H = Cubic Feet x 7.47 = Gallons

15. Determine the Amount of rainfall The volume of water collected in the pan is: V (m 3 ) = L (m) x w (m) x d (m) = 1 m x 1 m x 0.010 m = 0.01 m 3  or 10 liters 10 mm rainwater collected in the container

16. Treatment Techniques Screening Methods Location Results Strainers and Leaf Screens Gutters and Leaders Prevent leaves and other debris from Settling Sedimentation Within Tank Settles particulate matter

17. Filtering In-line/Multi-Cartridge Activated Carbon Reverse Osmosis Mixed Media Slow Sand After Pump At Tap At Tap Separate Tank Separate Tank Sieves sediment Removes chlorine Removes contaminants Traps particulate matter Traps particulate matter Disinfecting Boiling/Distilling Chemical Treatments Ultraviolet Light Ozonation Before use Within tank After the activated carbon filter Before Tap Kills microorganisms Kills microorganisms Kills microorganisms Kills microorganisms

18. Components of a Rainwater Harvesting System The Roof Gutters Gutter Guard Downspouts Debris Traps Final Sediment Filtration First Flush Diverter Surge/Pump Tank Water Storage Water Disinfection Design & Maintenance

19. Catchment Gutter Down take Pipe Storage Delivery Pipe First Flush Filter Cloud Rain Fall

20. Materials for Rainwater Tanks Plastic: Plastic Liner: Polyethylene: Metal:

21. CONCLUSION The earth has an abundance of water, but unfortunately only a small percentage (about 2 .5%) is even usable by humans. The other 97.5% is in the oceans, soils, icecaps, and floating in the atmosphere . Earth contains as Sea+Oceans    = 96.5% Ground water  = 1.7% Glaciers           = 1.7% Vapor+Air       = 0.001% Only  2.5% of this water is freshwater . Finally its very important to serve everything on this planet

22. THANK YOU