WATER RESERVOIR.pptx

Water is a vital resource for life on Earth, and its availability plays a crucial role in supporting ecosystems, human activities, and economic development. However, the increasing demand for water, coupled with unpredictable climate patterns, has led to the necessity of implementing effective water management strategies. One such strategy is the establishment of water reservoirs, which serve as crucial components of water supply systems worldwide. This presentation aims to provide a comprehensive overview of water reservoirs, their significance, and the benefits they offer in ensuring a sustainable water supply.

1. WATER RESERVOIR

2. INTRODUCTION 01 CLASSIFICATION OF RESERVOIR 02 ZONE OF STORAGE RESERVOIR 03 YIELD AND CAPACITY OF RESERVOIR 04 RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION 05 TABLE OF CONTENTS

3. Percolation Condensation INTRODUCTION 01

4. DEFINATION A reservoir is a natural lake or a man-made outdoor storage space where water is collected and stored in a limited quantity for later use. Reservoirs are an integral part of many water supply systems worldwide, which play an important role in supplying water to domestic, industrial, and agricultural demands.

5. PURPOSE OF RESERVOIR F lood control H ydroelectric Power Generation I rrigation W ater supply Development of Fishery N avigation

6. SELECTION OF SITE FOR RESERVOIR 1 2 3 4 5 L arge storage capacity R iver vally should be narrow, length of dam of constructed is less Watertightness of reservoir Good hydrological conditions 5 Deep reservoir

7. SELECTION OF SITE FOR RESERVOIR 6 7 8 9 5 Small submerged area Low silt inflow No objectionable minerals Low cost of real estate 10 Site easily accessible

8. INVESTIGATION WORKS FOR RESERVOIR Engineering Survey Conduct topographical mapping and geodetic measurements to determine the physical characteristics of the reservoir site. Geological Investigations Study the geological formations and identify potential risk such as faults, instability, or rock types that may affect reservoir construction and stability Hydrological Investigations Analyze the water inflow and outflow patterns, rainfall data and streamflow measurements to understand the hydrological behavior of the reservoir. a) b) c)

9. CLASSIFICATION OF RESERVOIR 02

10. CLASSIFICATION STORAGE RESERVOIRS FLOOD CONTROL RESERVOIRS RETARDING RESERVOIRS

11. DETENTION RESERVOIRS MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS CLASSIFICATION DISTRIBUTION RESERVOIRS BALANCING RESERVOIRS

12. STORAGE RESERVOIRS Storage reservoirs are also called conservation reservoirs because they are used to conserve water. Storage reservoirs are constructed to store the water in the rainy season and to release it later when the river flow is low. STORAGE RESERVOIRS

13. FLOOD CONTROL RESERVOIRS A flood control reservoir is constructed for the purpose of flood control. It protects the areas lying on its downstream side from the damage due to flood FLOOD CONTROL RESERVOIRS

14. RETARDING RESERVOIRS A retarding reservoir is provided with spillways and sluiceways which are ungated. The retarding reservoir stores a portion of the flood when the flood is rising and releases it later when the flood is receding. RETARDING RESERVOIRS

15. DETENTION RESERVOIRS A detention reservoir stores excess water during floods and release it after the flood. It is similar to a storage reservoir but is provided with large gated spillways and sluiceways to permit flexibility of operation. DETENTION RESERVOIRS

16. DISTRIBUTION RESERVOIRS A distribution reservoir is a small storage reservoir to tide over the peak demand of water for municipal water supply or irrigation. The distribution reservoir is helpful in permitting the pumps to work at a uniform rate. It stores water during the period of lean demand and supplies the same during the period of high demand. DISTRIBUTION RESERVOIRS

17. MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS They are constructed for more than single purpose. Irrigation and water supply Flood control, hydroelectric power generation, fishery etc. MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS

18. ZONE OF STORAGE RESERVOIR 03

19. ZONES OF STORAGE RESERVOIR Normal Pool Level (N.P.L.) It is the maximum elevation of the water surface which is to be stored in the reservoir during the normal working period. Maximum Pool Level (M.P.L.) It is the maximum elevation to which the water surface is allowed to rise in the reservoir during the period of flood. Minimum Pool Level It is the lowest elevation to which the water level is allowed to drop in a reservoir. a) b) c)

20. THE VARIOUS STORAGE ZONES DEAD STORAGE The volume of water which is stored below the minimum pool level of a reservoir is known as dead storage. LIVE STORAGE SURCHARGE STORAGE VALLEY STORAGE The volume of water stored in the reservoir between the normal pool level and minimum pool level is known as live storage. The volume of water stored in a reservoir between the normal pool level and maximum pool level is known as surcharge storage, The minimum volume of water which flows through flows through a never before the construction of dam is known as valley storage. 1 2 3 4

21. YIELD AND CAPACITY OF RESERVOIR 04

22. YIELD: The yield of a reservoir is defined as the amount of water which is available in the reservoir at a specified interval of time. The yield may be of following types: SAFE YIELD: I t is maximum quantity of water available in the reservoir during the critical dry period. SECONDARY YIELD: It is the quantity of water which is available in excess of the safe yielding during the period of high flow or flood. AVERAGE YIELD: Ii is the quantity of water obtained from the arithmetical average of the safe yield and secondary yield considering for a long period of time. YIELD OF RESERVOIR

23. RESERVOIR CAPACITY Depends upon the inflow vailable and demand Inflow in the river is always greater than the demand, there is no storage required If the inflow in the river is small but the demand is high, a large reservoir capacity is required. a) b) c)

24. RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION 05

25. RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION Sedimentation is a process whereby soil particles are eroded and transported by flowing water or other transporting media and deposited as layers of solid particles in water bodies such as reservoirs and rivers. It reduces the storage capacity and life span of reservoirs as well as river flows.

26. CAUSES OF SEDIMENTATION Nature of soil in catchment area Topography of the catchment area Cultivation in catchment area Vegetation cover in catchment area Intensity of rainfall in catchment area

27. SEDIMENTATION MANAGEMENT Maximum efforts should water should be released so that less sediments should retain is reservoir. Following options are: Catchment Vegetation Construction of coffer dams/ low height barriers Flushing and desilting of sediments Low level outlets / sediment sluicing

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