Water Sufficiency for your Building and Occupants.pptx

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1. Water Efficiency in Built Environment Jit Kumar Gupta

2. Water in the Global Context

3. Water – Global Context 80% of earth covered in water, only 2% water fresh-- fit for drinking 1.6% of freshwater-- in glaciers/ polar ice caps. 2.4 billion people living- without access to improved sanitation facilities nearly 700 million people-- not receiving their drinking-water from improved water sources, global water demand increasing @ 1% per year – due to --population growth --economic development -- changing consumption patterns, -- Water consumption - continue to grow over next two decades --- 3.6 billion people ( half global population) live in area-potentially water-scarce at least one month per year -- this figure may go to 4.8–5.7 billion by 2050

4. Water as a resource Clean/ Safe water –Most valuable & scarce resource Water - Elixir of life Water- Promoter of Physical Development Water-- Promoter of Economic development Water – Critical for Sustainable Development Water- Critical for Human Health Water - Critical for social development. Water- Generator of Employment- Three out of four jobs worldwide-- water-dependent. Water- Sustainer of Human Living in terms of; - food, - energy, - transportation - business, - nature, - leisure, - identity, - culture and social norms .

5. Water in the Economic context UN World Water  Report-2016 -- globally 3.2 billion people dependent upon access to water/water-related services Water shortages/ lack of access --may limit future economic growth Water stress can— -- Create security challenges, -- force migration -- undo progress - promote poverty. Water scarcity -- major concern- due to pressures exerted on water sources; climatic change-- to further intensify crisis. Managing ever-increasing water demand -- single greatest development challenge – nations/communities facing in 21st century

6. Water in the Indian Context

7. Water – Indian Context India highly land stressed India highly water stressed India  holds just 4% of world's fresh  water-0.016% 16% of global population. Half of  India's water  supply in rural areas--contaminated with toxic bacteria. Every year, India loses 600,000  children-- due to illnesses associated with unclean drinking  water . As per World Bank – : 163 Million Indians- lack access to safe drinking water 210 Million Indians- lack access to improved sanitation 21% of communicable diseases linked to unsafe water 500 children under the age of five die from diarrhoea each day in India

8. Water crisis in INDIA --Water scarcity issues not new to India --. Per capita water availability less than 1,700 cubic metre considered water stressed -- India has 1,545 cubic metre -. Water resources ministry predicts- water availability could plunge to; -- 1,341 cubic metres in 2025 -- as low as 1,140 by 2050. -- Different states hit by severe drought impacting people, agriculture, livestock etc. - South India-- Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana have been victims of severe water crisis.

9. Water Consumption

10. Water Consumption   Critical issue of water consumption – demand on supplying aquifer/sources exceeding its ability to replenish itself Key drivers of water demand / consumption : --Rapid growth of population --Increased Urbanization Increased per capita income high consumption life style -Industrialization -- Water intensive fixtures --Water intensive agriculture crop --Large Misuse /wastage of water - Poor water management

11. Managing Water in Built Environment

12. Approach to Water Management

13. Water Management-- Key objects Protect water Conserve water Protect water quality Reduce consumption Find Alternate Sources Make addition to water sources

14. Water Management Strategies a ) Use integrated process to assess: -- existing water resources, -- opportunities for reducing water demand, and -- alternative water supplies. b) Promoting Green building to encourages : -innovative water-saving strategies --that help projects use water wisely. c) Promoting effective water strategies include: Installing efficient plumbing fixtures. Use dual plumbing  Using non-potable water. Installing -meters. Choosing locally adapted plants.  Using Xeri-scaping . --a landscaping method developed especially for arid/semi-arid climates that utilizes water-conserving techniques -- use of drought-tolerant plants, mulch, and efficient irrigation

15. Approach to water management : Principles for  Managing water -- Make buildings water efficient over entire life-cycle- embodied and operational use of water -- Promoting Slow the flow of water •-- Promoting Economical and optimal use  of water •-- Minimising wastage •-- Minimising leakage •--Promoting Multiple Usage (reuse and recycling) -- Using water efficient fixtures -- Using native plants and trees -Using low water embodied materials- Using materials requiring less water in making and using -- Using low water construction technologies - Using water efficient landscape- Using native trees/plants -- Mulching trees/- plants to retain moisture, prevent evaporation   - Using alternate sources of water-- Rainwater water harvesting

16. Some cost impact Highest cost impact Least cost impact Cost effective strategy for water efficiency

17. Water Management in Green Buildings

18. Salient water features in green buildings • Minimum water discharge  • 100 % wastewater recycling  • Rain water harvesting  • Water efficient landscaping • High efficient water fittings  • Water efficiency in A/C systems  • Innovative waste water technology • Reduction of potable water use

19. Salient water features in green buildings -- Mandatory Requirement --- Rainwater Harvesting, Roof & Non-roof --Water Efficient Plumbing Fixtures Credit 1 Landscape Design Credit 2 Management of Irrigation Systems Credit 3 Rainwater Harvesting, Roof & Non-roof Credit 4 Water Efficient Plumbing Fixtures Credit 5 Waste Water Treatment and Reuse Credit 6 Water Metering

20. Water efficiency through building design i . Recognize environmentally preferable design --for site/ storm water management Design buildings - respecting existing natural flows / features of land, Strategically locate buildings- to preserve key natural hydrological features. Preserving areas of site- that serve as natural storm water retention / ground water infiltration / recharge systems. ii. Preserve existing mature vegetation- - absorbing/ disbursing up to 30% of a site’s rainwater iii Minimize building’s footprint — iv minimize excavation/soil disturbance --minimise compaction of existing topsoil -- soil in natural/ un-compacted state-- absorbs / storing-- up to 50% of natural rainfall

21. Site Planning-impact of buildings

22. Water efficiency v • Establish a water budget for building and implement design that minimizes the use of potable water by -- using low-flow plumbing fixtures and toilets and -- waterless urinals . -- Harvest, process and recycle rainwater, -- site storm water , and -- building gray water and -- identify appropriate uses within the building and site. vi Use on-site treatment systems that enables -- use of rain water for hand washing, -- gray-water for toilet flushing --rain and storm water for site irrigation, cooling tower make-up etc vii. Conserve water / preserve site and ground water quality by using only indigenous, drought resistant and hardy trees, shrubs, plants and turf that require no irrigation, fertilizers, pesticides or herbicides

23. Water Efficiency

24. Water Efficiency

25. Water Management Optimizing water usage : Water efficient fixtures i ) W Cs- - conventional system use 13.5 liters/flush -- --low flush uses 6 liters / latest ultra low flush uses 3 liters -saving of 40-50% -Aim is to create waterless toilets ii) Urinal -- Conventional urinals use 4.5- 6 liters/flush, -- innovated flush system reduce water to 0.4 liters or more -- —Zero water urinals/ waterless urinals, Timed flush system ,Sensor controlled automated system, iii ) Faucets- -- Conventional faucet uses 15 liters of water/ minute– -- low flow faucets use 2 liters/minute Iv) Shower Heads– -- conventional showerheads generally use 11-26 liters/minute -- low flow shower heads using 9 liters/min or even less- ----use narrow sprayer and effective mix of air and water

26. Water efficiency- Rain water Harvesting Rainwater harvesting is a way to ; --capture rainwater at time of downpour -- recharge underground water/ use it later. -- In urban areas-- large construction leaves little exposed earth for water to soak in. -- Most water-- runs wastefully through drains. -- Rainwater -- Popular method of conserving water in urban areas by -- stopping it from running off wastefully as sewerage water. -- recharges aquifers/ reservoirs of water , -- raising level of underground water table. -- highly beneficial for trees /vegetation cover-- which draw mainly from underground water. -- Since June 2001, Ministry of Urban affairs and Poverty Alleviation-- made --rainwater harvesting mandatory in all new buildings --with a roof area of more than 100sq m and -- plots area of more than 1000 sq m— --Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) --made rainwater harvesting mandatory in all institutions

27. Reducing site Imperviousness