Water Uses, Catchments, WSUD & Water Cycle.pptx

This is a topic under Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction that talks about:
Water Uses, Catchments, Water Sensitive Urban Designs, and Water Cycle

Objectives:
Discuss the importance of the use of water in the house and cite some examples.
Explain the importance of protecting catchment and its uses.
Describe some urban design and explain the water sensitivity of the design, its effect and impact to human and environment.
Explain how water flow in the ecosystem.


Indirect purposes are the use of water in processing wood to make paper and in producing steel for automobiles.

Direct purposes are most common in domestic use.

Catchment-an area of land where water collects when it rains, often bounded by hills. As the water flows over the landscape it finds its way into streams and down into the soil, eventually feeding the river.
Some of this water stays underground and continues to slowly feed the river in times of low rainfall.

Every inch of land on the earth forms part of a catchment.

Water Catchment Land Management
Keeping contaminants from entering into waterways improves river quality and protects downstream communities.

Helps create sustainable farming practices
Is likely to save money on farm operations
Has a positive impact on the environment
Creates healthier, more appealing and more valuable land

1. Water Use, Catchments, WSUD & Water Cycle Discussant: Jessa Mae S. Amoguis

2. Discuss the importance of the use of water in the house and cite some examples. Objectives

3. Explain the importance of protecting catchment and its uses. Objectives

4. Describe some urban design and explain the water sensitivity of the design, its effect and impact to human and environment. Objectives

5. Explain how water flow in the ecosystem. Objectives

6. Drinking and Household Needs Recreation Industry and Commerce Agriculture Thermoelectricity/Energy Most common water uses:

7. The Many Uses of Water Water can be used for direct and indirect purposes.

8. The Many Uses of Water The bulk of the world’s water use is for agriculture, industry, and electricity.

9. The Many Uses of Water Indirect purposes are the use of water in processing wood to make paper and in producing steel for automobiles.

10. The Many Uses of Water Direct purposes are most common in domestic use.

11. Domestic Water Use Drinking Bathing Food preparation Washing clothes and dishes Flushing Watering

12. Catchment an area of land where water collects when it rains, often bounded by hills. As the water flows over the landscape it finds its way into streams and down into the soil, eventually feeding the river.

13. Catchment Some of this water stays underground and continues to slowly feed the river in times of low rainfall. Every inch of land on the earth forms part of a catchment.

14. How can we protect water catchment?

15. Water Catchment Land Management

16. Keeping contaminants from entering into waterways improves river quality and protects downstream communities.

17. Helps create sustainable farming practices Is likely to save money on farm operations

18. Has a positive impact on the environment Creates healthier, more appealing and more valuable land.

19. Improving waterway frontages with revegetation Preventing stock access to waterways

20. Maintaining on-site wastewater treatment systems (for example, septic tanks)

21. Preventing soil erosion Using and managing nutrients wisely

22. Optimizing agricultural chemical use Carefully planning and developing land.

23. Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD)

24. Storm water is rainwater that has fallen onto roads or roofs and often contains chemicals or pollutants.

25. WSUD is an approach to planning and designing urban areas to make use of this valuable resource and reduce the harm it causes to our rivers and creeks.

26. Impacts of Urbanization to waterways and bays: causing waterways to have reduced flows most of the time and higher, unnatural flows for a few hours after it rains making beaches unsuitable for swimming for 1-2 days after heavy rain

27. Impacts of Urbanization to waterways and bays: changing the habitat of dolphins, platypus, fish and aquatic animals, and affecting their breeding habits eroding stream banks and degrading streams

28. WSUD Approach Uses better urban planning and design to reuse storm water, stopping it from reaching our waterways by mimicking the natural water cycle as closely as possible.

29. WSUD options:

30. How it works? Rainwater Tanks Rainwater tanks collect storm water run-off from impervious surfaces such as roofs, reducing the amount that enters our waterways.

31. Rainwater Tanks They are fitted with an overflow mechanism, meaning that once a tank is full the excess water is redirected into the storm water drainage system.

32. Advantages of Rainwater Tanks Minimize water usage when used in the toilet, laundry or garden. Retain water close to source Reduce site run-off and flood peaks Reduce strain on the stormwater drainage system.

33. Limitations They only provide benefits when the tank water is used frequently, creating space to capture more water each time it rains.

34. Raingardens Raingardens are specially-designed garden beds that filter stormwater runoff from surrounding areas or stormwater pipes.

35. Raingardens Raingardens are also called bioretention systems because they use soil, plants and microbes to biologically treat stormwater.

36. How it works? Raingardens are designed to stop stormwater run-off from polluting our waterways with nutrients, rubbish and sediment:

37. How it works? 1. Water collects and settles on the garden surface

38. How it works? 2. Water soaks through the plants and filter media, trapping rubbish and sediment on the surface.

39. How it works? 3. Plants use the nutrients in the stormwater, and toxins stick to the soil.

40. How it works? 4. The soil and plant roots work together to naturally filter the water and remove pollutants.

41. Differences to a normal garden

42. Differences to a normal garden Must be cleaned of rubbish and sediment that collects on the surface after it rains. Should not be fertilized or sprayed with herbicides, as the stormwater should contain enough nutrients.

43. Differences to a normal garden Have a 200mm to 500mm space above them for water to collect and settle for a few hours. Use a special soil such as loamy sand, called filter media, that drains quickly and does not release nutrients into the stormwater.

44. Sediment Basins Sediment basins are ponds with open water that capture coarse sediment and litter carried by stormwater.

45. Sediment Basins They intercept stormwater before it reaches the waterway, and slow it down to allow the coarse sediment to fall to the bottom.

46. How it works? Water enters the sediment basin, slowing down to less than 0.5m/s – during this time the water level can temporarily rise by up to 350mm (called the extended detention depth).

47. How it works? Gravity pulls the coarse and medium sediment to the bottom. The cleaner water stays at the top of the pond and flows through the outlet structure.

48. Constructed Wetlands Constructed wetlands are a series of shallow, densely-planted, man-made ponds that help filter water through physical and biological processes.

49. Constructed Wetlands They provide a natural way to treat and remove pollutants from stormwater before it enters our creeks, rivers and oceans.

50. Inlet zone – a sediment basin that removes coarse sediment. How it works?

51. How it works? Macrophyte zone – a shallow area densely planted with aquatic plants and the main part of the wetland, which removes fine particles and dissolved pollutants.

52. High flow bypass channel – lets excess water flow around the wetland without damaging the plants. How it works?

53. Swales Swales are linear, depressed channels that collect and transfer stormwater. They can be lined with grass or more densely vegetated and landscaped.

54. Primary and secondary treatment includes: 1. Physical screening of sedimentation (coarse and fine) 2. Infiltration of stormwater into soils Treatments and Contaminants

55. Typical retained contaminants include: 1. gross pollutants 2. coarse sediments 3. some nutrient removal Treatments and Contaminants

56. Swales can convey stormwater and screen and remove gross pollutants, such as litter and coarse sediment. How Swales Work?

57. Swales initially immobilize pollutants by binding them to organic matter and soil particles, then remove them by settling, filtration and infiltration into the subsoil. How Swales Work?

58. Certain pollutants, such as hydrocarbons, may be digested and processed by soil microorganisms in the filter strip. How Swales Work?

59. To optimize pollutant removal, swales need adequate contact time between the run-off and the vegetation and soil surface. How Swales Work?

60. Advantages of Swales Reduce and delay stormwater run-off Are more aesthetically appealing than kerb and gutter Are relatively inexpensive to build Retain particulate pollutants close to source

61. Limitations of Swales Have limited removal of fine sediment and dissolved pollutants. Use more land area than kerb and gutter, and restrict certain activities like car parking.

62. Limitations of Swales Require a sunny aspect for plant growth, which limits their application in shaded areas. Require regular inspections. Are only suitable for gentle slopes of less than 5% gradient.

63. How water flow in the ecosystem?

64. Hydrologic Cycle Is the constant circulation of the earth's water through precipitation, evaporation, and transpiration.

65. Hydrologic Cycle It is the continuous exchange of water between the atmosphere, land, and ocean.

66. Evaporation

67. Condensation

68. Precipitation

69. Run off

70. Infiltration & Percolation

71. Groundwater

72. Plant Uptake & Transpiration

73. Sublimation

74. Deposition

75. https://georgesriver.org.au/learn-about-the-river/what-catchment#:~:text=A%20catchment%20is%20an%20area,in%20times%20of%20low%20rainfall . https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/other/index.html https://www.health.vic.gov.au/water/protecting-water-catchments Resources:

76. https://www.melbournewater.com.au/building-and-works/stormwater-management/options-treating-stormwater/rainwater-tanks https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/geology/running-water/types-of-water-flow https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/freshwater/water-cycle Resources:

77. Thanks!

78. Icon pack: Water

79. Alternative resources Watercolor mother earth day illustration I Watercolor mother earth day illustration II Watercolor mother earth day illustration III

80. Resources Photos: Water wave with bubbles Woman holding a glass filled with water Vectors: World water day watercolor I World water day watercolor II World water day watercolor III World water day watercolor IV World water day watercolor V Icons: Icon pack: water