Weather and Climate grade 9 science.pptx

for grade 9 science

1. Weather and Climate By: Harold M. Mariano

2. Differentiate weather and climate; Describe factors that affect climate and weather; Explain how latitude, altitude and land topography affect climate; and Explain how ocean surface and circulation directly affect the pattern of climate change. Learning Targets

3. Is a science that deals with the atmosphere and atmospheric phenomenon that affect the weather of a certain area. METEOROLOGY

4. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). Observes, records, and communicates the changes in the atmospheric properties and phenomena. PAGASA

5. WEATHER VS. CLIMATE WEATHER Is the condition of the atmosphere of a place within a short period of time. It may last for an hour, a day, a week or even months. It only affect specific area. CLIMATE The general pattern that occurs for a region over a number of years. the type of weather condition that occurs in a particular place determines the kind of climate it will have.

6. DIFFERENT FACTORS THAT AFFECT CLIMATE

7. 1. LATITUDE The main factor affecting global climate. The further you move away from the equator, the temperature drops. Why is it hotter when you are located near the equator?

8. How would life in your country be different if it were located at the poles?

9. How would life in your country be different if it were located at the poles? The Philippines is a tropical country, but if it were located at the poles, it would experience long, cold winters and short summers instead of a warm, tropical climate.

10. 1. LATITUDE The closer to the equator, the hotter the climate . Sun’s energy is more concentrated at the equator . Example : Tropical regions like the Philippines vs. Polar regions like Antarctica.

11. 2. ALTITUDE The higher the place, the cooler it is or simply Higher altitude = lower temperature . TAKE NOTE: As altitude increases, air becomes thinner and is less able to

12. Land absorbs and releases heat faster than water. This phenomenon has strong effect on the t emperature as well as the climate. Coastal areas have moderate temperatures; inland areas experience extreme temperatures. DISTANCE FROM THE SEA

13. EXAMPLE: Metro Manila experiences hotter temperatures compared to Tagaytay , even though both are in Luzon. This is because Tagaytay is closer to the sea ( Taal Lake and surrounding bodies of water), which helps regulate its temperature, making it cooler. DISTANCE FROM THE SEA

14. Prevailing winds are winds that blow predominantly from a single direction over a specific area . How They Affect Climate? They move moisture and heat , affecting rainfall and temperature. They influence monsoons, typhoons, and dry seasons in different parts of the world. Prevailing Winds

15. PREVAILING WINDS IN THE PHILIPPINES

16. Brings cooler, dry air from Siberia . Causes lower temperatures and little rain in Luzon and Visayas . Example : This is why Baguio is extra chilly from December to February. Northeast Monsoon (" Amihan ") (November–April)

17. Affect coastal and island areas, helping fishermen and sailors navigate . Keep the climate warm and humid throughout the year . Trade Winds (Year-round)

18. During " Amihan ," Metro Manila enjoys cooler mornings, while " Habagat " brings heavy rains that cause flooding in places like Marikina and Pampanga.

19. are continuous movements of ocean water driven by wind, Earth’s rotation, temperature differences, and salinity . Currents distribute warm and cold water across the globe . Warm currents bring warm weather; cold currents bring cool weather. OCEAN CURRENTS

20. How They Affect Climate? Distribute heat and moisture across the globe. Influence temperature, weather patterns, and marine ecosystems . Warm currents increase rainfall , while cold currents cool down coastal areas . OCEAN CURRENTS

21. If Earth had no oceans, how would global temperatures change?

22. If Earth had no oceans, how would global temperatures change? Without oceans, daytime temperatures would be extremely high , and nighttime temperatures would be extremely low due to the lack of water to store heat.

23. If the ocean currents reversed, how would global climates be affected?

24. If the ocean currents reversed, how would global climates be affected? The warmer regions might cool down, and colder regions might warm up . The coastal regions dependent on warm or cold currents would experience sudden climate shifts .

25. TOPOGRAPHY refers to the physical features of an area , including mountains, valleys, and plateaus.

26. How It Affects Climate: Influences rainfall, temperature, and wind patterns . Mountains act as barriers , affecting precipitation. Higher elevations = cooler temperatures due to lower atmospheric pressure . Example: The Sierra Madre Mountain Range shields Central Luzon from typhoons, reducing their impact on Metro Manila. TOPOGRAPHY

27. Baguio’s Cold Climate → Due to its high altitude, it is known as the "Summer Capital of the Philippines .“ Ilocos Region’s Dry Climate → The Cordillera Mountains block moist air, creating a drier environment in areas like Laoag . Typhoons and Mountain Protection → The Sierra Madre acts as a natural shield , reducing typhoon strength before reaching Central Luzon. ADDITIONAL KNOWLEDGE

28. Climatic Phenomena Occurring on a Global Level TOPIC #2

29. describe climatic phenomena that occur on a global level such as global warming, climate change, El Niño and La Niña; determine the factors that influence global climatic phenomenon; explain the impact of global climatic phenomenon on the daily lives of the people . Learning Targets

30. is the natural warming process of the Earth that results when gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the earth that would otherwise escape into space. Greenhouse Effect

31. The different greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs), per fluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride, and water vapor . These gases can be naturally occurring, or man-made . It’s effect on earth’s climate depends on its chemical nature and its relative concentration in the atmosphere. Greenhouse Effect

32. 30 percent of the solar energy that reaches our world is reflected back to space, approximately 70 percent passes through the atmosphere to the earth’s surface, where it is absorbed by the land, oceans, and atmosphere, and heats the planet. This heat is then radiated back up in the form of invisible infrared radiation. While some of this infrared radiation continues on into space, the vast majority—indeed, some 90 percent —gets absorbed by atmospheric gases, known as greenhouse gases, and redirected back toward the earth, causing further warming. HOW IT WORKS?

33. Is caused by several factors such as man-made, anthropogenic, or natural . Global warming can bring sea level to rise due to the melting of ice caps and glaciers. P eople may experience severe weather disturbances like strong typhoons, heavier rainfalls, and climate change. Global Warming

34. Climate Change is a long-term change in the average weather patterns. It is incorporated with the two phenomena, the global warming and large – scale change in weather patterns. Natural processes also contribute to global climate change such as volcanic activity, changes within the Sun’s energy output, and variations in Earth’s orbit. Climate Change

35. Some parts of the world may experience two cyclical events the El Niño or the La Niña and may lead to the extinction of some fauna and flora. This phenomenon occurs at irregular intervals of two to seven years and lasts for nine months or two years at most . This happens when the upwelling of colder water is blocked by the large quantities of warm surface water . El Niño will most likely bring severe drought. El Niño

36. La Niña’s effects are the opposite of El Niño . This natural phenomenon may but does not always follow El Niño events. It may last for nine to twelve months but in some cases, it lasts for two years. This event is triggered by the cooling of the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean that move from east to west La Niña

37. WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING?

38. BURNING FOSSIL FUELS DEFORESTATION AGRICULTURE TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY MANUFACTURING CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING

39. THANK YOU!