Webinar on Best Available Techniques (BAT): Insights from the Cement Production and Waste Incineration Sectors - Ling He

This webinar is the third in a series on industrial pollution prevention and control. It explores how Best Available Techniques (BAT) are used to reduce industrial emissions in the cement production and waste incineration sectors. Drawing on cross-country insights from OECD reports, Activity 6: Cross-Country analysis of selected sectors for comparison and Activity 7: Cross-Country Analysis of selected BREFs for Iron-Steel, Paper-Pulp and Waste incineration sectors, the webinar sheds light on significant environmental challenges, highlights shared and sector-specific emission control techniques and discusses the potential for harmonising BAT implementation globally. The findings are based on reviews of BREFs from the European Union, the United States, China, India, Korea and the World Bank. Watch the replay: https://www.oecd.org/en/events/2025/09/best-available-techniques-for-industrial-emission-prevention-and-control-insights-from-the-cement-production-and-waste-incineration-sectors.html

1. German Environment Agency
The EU BREF forWasteIncinerationand itsBAT
Conclusions
OECD Webinar on Best Available Techniques (BAT) for Industrial Emission Prevention
and Control: Insights from Cement production and Waste Incineration sectors
Ling He, Dr. -Ing.
Division IIISustainable Production and Products, Circular Economy
Dept. III 2Sustainable Production, Resource Conservation and Material Cycles
Section III 2.4Waste technology, Waste Technology Transfer

2. WasteIncineration–Development in Germany
13.10.2025/ OECD Webinar on Best Available Techniques (BAT) for Industrial Emission Prevention and Control 2
Waste incineration plant, Bullerdeich, Hamburg,
1896
Source:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCllverbrennungsanl
age_Bullerdeich
Waste incineration plant, Borsigstraße, Hamburg, since
1994
Source:
https://www.itad.de/ueber-uns/anlagen/hamburg-borsigstrasse
➢Hygienization
➢Volume and weight
reduction
➢Stringent environmental
standards
➢Inertization
➢Destruction or prevention
of pollutants from entering
the material cycle
➢Energy supply (electricity,
district heating, process
steam)
➢Slag (metals, construction
materials)

3. Waste Incineration Plants in Europe
13.10.2025/ OECD Webinar on Best Available Techniques (BAT) for Industrial Emission Prevention and Control 3
Source: https://www.cewep.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/EU-Map-2022.pdfSource: https://circulareconomy.europa.eu/platform/en/news-and-events/all-
news/waste-framework-directive-revised
98 plants (66 residual waste incineration plants, 32 refuse-
derived fuel incineration plants)

4. Waste Incineration –Grate Firing
13.10.2025/ OECD Webinar on Best Available Techniques (BAT) for Industrial Emission Prevention and Control 4
Source: https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2020-01/JRC118637_WI_Bref_2019_published_0.pdf

5. Structure of the EU BREF for Waste Incineration
13.10.2025/ OECD Webinar on Best Available Techniques (BAT) for Industrial Emission Prevention and Control 5
Scope
1 General information on waste
incineration
2 Applied processes and
techniques
3 Current emission and
consumption levels
4 Techniques to consider in the
development of BAT
5 Best available techniques (BAT)
conclusions for waste
incineration
6 Emerging techniques
7 Concluding remarks and
recommendations for future work
https://bureau-industrial-
transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2020-
03/superseded_wi_bref_0806_0.pdf
https://bureau-industrial-
transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/202
0-01/JRC118637_WI_Bref_2019_published_0.pdf

6. Scope of EU BREF for Waste Incineration
This BREF and its BAT conclusions concern the following activities specified in Annex I to Directive 2010/75/EU:
5.2. Disposal or recovery of waste in waste incineration plants: (a) for non-hazardous waste with a capacity
exceeding3 tonnesper hour; (b) for hazardous waste with a capacity exceeding 10 tonnesper day.
5.2. Disposal or recovery of waste in waste co-incineration plants: (a) for non-hazardous waste with a capacity
exceeding 3 tonnesper hour; (b) for hazardous waste with a capacity exceeding 10 tonnesper day; whose main
purpose is not the production of material products and where at least one of the following conditions is fulfilled:
—only waste, other than waste defined in Article 3(31)(b) of Directive 2010/75/EU, is combusted;
—more than 40 % of the resulting heat release comes from hazardous waste;
—mixed municipal waste is combusted.
5.3. (a) Disposalof non-hazardous waste with a capacity exceeding50 tonnesper day involving the treatment of
slags and/or bottom ashesfrom the incineration of waste.
5.3. (b) Recovery, or a mix of recovery and disposal, of non-hazardous waste with a capacity exceeding 75 tonnesper
dayinvolving the treatment of slags and/or bottom ashes from the incineration of waste.
5.1. Disposal or recovery of hazardous waste with a capacity exceeding 10 tonnesper day involving the treatment of
slags and/or bottom ashesfrom the incineration of waste.
13.10.2025/ OECD Webinar on Best Available Techniques (BAT) for Industrial Emission Prevention and Control 6

7. Structure of the EU BREF on Waste Incineration
13.10.2025/ OECD Webinar on Best Available Techniques (BAT) for Industrial Emission Prevention and Control 7
Scope
1 General information on waste
incineration
2 Applied processes and
techniques
3 Current emission and
consumption levels
4 Techniques to consider in the
development of BAT
5 Best available techniques (BAT)
conclusions for waste
incineration
6 Emerging techniques
7 Concluding remarks and
recommendations for future work
https://bureau-industrial-
transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2020-
03/superseded_wi_bref_0806_0.pdf
https://bureau-industrial-
transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/202
0-01/JRC118637_WI_Bref_2019_published_0.pdf

8. BAT Conclusions for Waste Incineration –Commission Implementing Decision
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Chapter 1: BAT Conclusions BAT No.
1.1. Environmental management systems 1
1.2 Monitoring 2-8
1.3. General environmental and combustion performance 9-18
1.4. Energy efficiency 19-20
1.5. Emissions to air (21-31)
1.5.1. Diffuse emissions 21-24
1.5.2. Channelled emissions (25-31)
1.5.2.1. Emissions of dust, metals and metalloids 25-26
1.5.2.2. Emissions of HCl, HF and SO
2 27-28
1.5.2.3. Emissions of NO
X, N
2O, CO and NH
3 29
1.5.2.4. Emissions of organic compounds 30
1.5.2.5. Emissions of mercury 31
1.6. Emissions to water 32-34
1.7. Material efficiency 35-36
1.8. Noise 37

9. BAT for Monitoring – e.g. BAT 4 (Emissions to Air)
13.10.2025/ OECD Webinar on Best Available Techniques (BAT) for Industrial Emission Prevention and Control 9
Monitoring of N
2O,
PBDD/F,
Benzo[a]pyrene: for
data collection

10. BAT with BAT-AEPLs –e.g. Energy Efficiency (BAT 20)
BAT 20. In order to increase the energy efficiency of the incineration plant, BAT is to use an appropriate combination
of the techniques given below.
(a)Drying of sewage sludge
(b)Reduction of the flue-gas flow
(c)Minimisation of heat losses
(d)Optimisation of the boiler design
(e)Low-temperature flue-gas heat exchangers
(f)High steam conditions
(g)Cogeneration
(h)Flue-gas condenser
(i)Dry bottom ash handling
13.10.2025/ OECD Webinar on Best Available Techniques (BAT) for Industrial Emission Prevention and Control 10
BAT-AEPLs: environmental performance levels
associated with best available techniques

11. BAT with BAT-AELs –e.g. Emissions of NO
X, N
2O, CO and NH
3 (BAT 29)
13.10.2025/ OECD Webinar on Best Available Techniques (BAT) for Industrial Emission Prevention and Control 11
primary techniques
secondary techniques
BAT-AELs: emission levels
associated with best available
techniques

12. BAT without BAT-AELs or BAT-AEPLs (e.g. BAT 32)
13.10.2025/ OECD Webinar on Best Available Techniques (BAT) for Industrial Emission Prevention and Control 12

13. Waste Incineration – Development in Germany
13.10.2025/ OECD Webinar on Best Available Techniques (BAT) for Industrial Emission Prevention and Control 13
Waste incineration plant, Bullerdeich, Hamburg,
1896
Source:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCllverbrennungsanl
age_Bullerdeich
Waste incineration plant, Borsigstraße, Hamburg, since
1994
Source:
https://www.itad.de/ueber-uns/anlagen/hamburg-borsigstrasse
➢Hygienization
➢Volume and weight
reduction
➢Stringent environmental
standards
➢Inertization
➢Destruction or prevention
of pollutants from entering
the material cycle
➢Energy supply (electricity,
district heating, process
steam)
➢Slag (metals, construction
materials)
➢Defossilization
➢H
2 and CO
2 supplier?
➢Provider of negative
emissions?
➢Even stricter environmental
standards
More important: product design, waste
reduction and recycling capacities

14. Thank you for your attention!
Ling He
[email protected]
www.uba.de/