Week 1 - Bioreaksi.pptx Bioreaksi membahas sel

Week 1 - Bioreaksi.pptx

1. Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematic s and Natural Science s University of Jember CELL AND ITS ORGANEL

2. WHAT WILL WE LEARN TODAY? Able to explain the chemical composition of the body and able to explain the components of cells Evaluation of lecture suitability and discussion outcomes by topic OBJECTIVES LECTURE OUTCOME Chemical composition of the body Components of cells

3. WHAT IS CELL? All organisms are made up of one more cells The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of life In other words, cells make up living things and carry out activities that keep a living thing alive

4. TYPES OF CELLS The cell is the structural and functional unit of life. Types: TWO Prokaryotes Lack of well defined nucleus Devoid of nuclear envelop. Possess simple structure. e.g. bacteria, blue green algae, mycoplasma Eukaryotes: Possess a well defined nucleus Have nuclear envelop More complex in their structure e.g. animals and plants.

5. COMPARISON

6. PROKARYOTIC CELLS

7. EUKARYOTIC CELLS

8. CELL MEMBRANE Fluid and mosaic model ( Singer & Nicolson) Phospholipid bilayer Protein  floating on it Cholesterol Small amount of carbohydrates Glycoprotein & glycolipid Function Separates cell from external environment Protects cell Insulating property Forms framework Has selective permeability Receptor site for signal

9. RIBOSOM : ENGINE OF CELLS Smallest and highest in number Protein factory Ribonucleic protein ( RNA + protein) Structure some free in cytoplasm some attached to ER 70s(prokaryote) & 80s(eukaryote) Have two subunits (large & small) Function Read instructions to build proteins from mRNA protein factories

10. Cytosol and cytoskeleton The cellular matrix is aqueous gel like medium  cytosol . Consist of several enzymes , metabolites and salts. Place for : glycolysis, protein synthesis, glycogen metabolism, HMP shunt pathway etc. Cytoskeleton Cytoplasm actually contains a complex of protein filaments. 3 types- microtubules, actin filaments intermediate filaments. Role in cell morphology, intracellular transport, cell motility, cell division ( centrioles)

11. THE SIMILARITIES

12. MITOCHONDRIA : ATP MILL / POWER HOUSE OF CELL Spherical ,oval or rod like bodies (0.5-1 µm X 7 µm) Double membrane 1-100 per cell Inner membrane fold into finger like projection: cristae Functions Electron Transport Chain: ATP Krebs cycle β oxidation of fatty acid Gluconeogenesis

13. NUCLEUS : CONTROL CENTER OF CELL Contain DNA  chemical basis of gene govern all function of cell. Largest & Spherical in shape Most prominent cell organelle Double membrane. Inner membrane has nuclear pores of 90 nm  free passage Outer membrane is continuous with endoplasmic reticulum In side it, nucleolus : RNA processing & ribosome synthesis Function DNA replication & RNA synthesis Home for chromosome nucleolus

14. THE DIFFERENCE

15. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM The network of membrane or tubules extended throughout cytoplasm. from nucleus to plasma membrane Types Rough ER Smooth ER

16. GOLGI BODIES “SORTING SITES” Cluster of membrane vesicles Appears like : Stacks of flattened sacs Function: Receive and modify protein made by rough ER protein packaging, modify protein & secretion glycosylation and sulfation of protein Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane Protein is released by exocytosis E.g. pancreatic enzymes & insulin

17. In Town, solid waste are decomposed in incinerators. Inside cell  lysosome Spherical vesicles , single membrane. Aka: Suicidal bag, scavengers of cell It contains Hydrolases enzymes ( glucosidase, cathepsin, lipase, ribonuclease) Acidic pH 4.6-5 Function Digest food [ used to make energy] Clean up & recycle [digest broken organelles] LYSOSOME “SUICIDAL BAG”

18. LYSOSOME “SUICIDAL BAG” small food particle vacuole digesting food lysosomes digesting broken organelles

19. THE DIFFERENCE

20. THE DIFFERENCE

21. cell membrane cell boundary controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm jelly-like material holding organelles in place mitochondria make ATP energy from sugar + O 2 nucleus protects DNA controls cell ribosomes builds proteins ER helps finish proteins makes membranes Golgi apparatus finishes, packages & ships proteins lysosome food digestion garbage disposal & recycling vacuole & vesicles transport inside cells storage centrioles cell division

22. ANY QUESTIONS?