Week 2.2 Aristotle.pptxljabjahn jagab js

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1. Aristotle and Poetics Week 2

2. Student of Plato Not a native Athenian  lived , studied and taught in Athens for a large part of his life Actually from Macedonia Was associated with Alexander the Great Ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, one of the greatest intellectual figures of Western history . Author of a philosophical and scientific system  the framework and vehicle for both Christian Scholasticism and medieval Islamic philosophy Established the Lyceum  had one of the world’s first libraries Life of Aristotle

3. Aristotle’s intellectual range was vast, covering most of the sciences and many of the arts including biology, botany, chemistry, ethics, history, logic, metaphysics, rhetoric, philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, physics, poetics, political theory, psychology, and zoology. His writings in ethics and political theory as well as in metaphysics and the philosophy of science continue to be studied Founder of formal logic Unlike Plato, Aristotle is more of an empiricist and a scientist Intellectual Range

4. Aristotle probably composed most of his approximately 200 works, of which only 31 survive . “ Organon ” is a set of writings that provide a logical toolkit for use in any philosophical or scientific investigation . Aristotle’s so-called practical works  the “Nicomachean Ethics” and “ Politics”  deep investigations into the nature of human flourishing on the individual, familial and societal levels .  “ Rhetoric” and “Poetics”  examine the finished products of human productivity what makes for a convincing argument and how a well-wrought tragedy can instill cathartic fear and pity . Artistotle’s Works

5. To Aristotle, rhetoric is “the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion.” He identified three main methods of rhetoric (persuasion): ethos (ethics) : persuasion by character Good character: good sense, good morals and good will. pathos (emotional) : when to excite these emotions and when to calm them 7 emotional dualities: anger vs calm, friendship vs hatred, fear vs. confidence, shame vs shameless, kind vs. unkind, pity vs indignation, envy vs emulation and logos (logic ): present premises; if proven true, then logic is valid  deductive argument Rhetoric

6. Aristotle’s “Poetics” was composed around 330 B.C. and is the earliest extant work of dramatic theory . F irst sustained exposition of ars poetica in Western thought and remains a canonical text in literary theory Often interpreted as a rebuttal to his teacher Plato’s argument Aristotle takes a different approach, analyzing the purpose of poetry. He argues that creative endeavors like poetry and theater provides catharsis , or the beneficial purging of emotions through art.  Aristotle considers that poetry at its best requires great skill A lso differentiates between good and bad poetry on clear and systematic aesthetic grounds. He accepts Plato’s insight that the emotions are important to poetry, but rejects Plato’s distrust of the emotions. Poetics

7. According to Aristotle, tragedy in particular is a genre that sets out to create pity and terror ( eleos kai phobos ) in the audience, but this has a positive end ( telos ), which he calls catharsis ( katharsis ; purification, purgation, clarification ). Good tragedy brings catharsis and catharsis is good for us T ragedy , epic and comedy  subspecies of poetry Classified poetry  a species of the genus of mime-sis (representation, imitation) “Tragedy is a representation of a serious, complete action which has magnitude, in embellished speech [with rhythm and melody] … ; accomplishing by means of pity and terror the catharsis of such emotions .” [ 5.1449b] Tragedy is the mimesis of a single and complete action with a beginning, a middle and an end Tragedy

8. Term first used by Plato  our world is a mimesis of the ideal world of Forms L iterature is a mimesis of our world, and therefore twice removed from the ideal world of Forms In his view, poetry indulges that part of us – the emotions – that should be left to wither . Aristotle’s idea of poetry  it is mimesis using the different media of “rhythm, speech and melody” [1.1447a] poetry can be classified according to whether it represents people as better, worse or as good as they are in reality. Comedy represents people as worse than they are; tragedy represents them as better than they are. Mimesis

9. http:// www.abc-people.com/data/rafael-santi/plato_aristotle.htm https:// www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/aristotle Links