WEEK 3 STAGES FOR GRADE 12 STEM - GEN BIO

stages of aerobic respiration

1. Let’s Pray

4. Always observe our Health Protocol

5. Turnoffyourphones.Usingofthephone
duringclasshoursarestrictlyprohibited.

6. Onespeakeratatime.Whensomeoneisspeaking,keep
quietandlisten.Ifyouwanttosaysomething,raiseyour
handandwaitforyourteachertorecognizeyou.

7. STAGES
OF
RESPIRATION

8. OBJECTIVES
1.Distinguish major features of glycolysis,
Krebs cycle, electron transport system,
and chemiosmosis
2.Describe reactions that produce and
consume ATP

9. OUTLINE
Glycolysis
Formation of Acetyl Coenzyme
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis
Number of ATPs from Glucose Molecule

10. 9/3/20XX Presentation Title 10
Let’s have a short

11. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
•is a set of metabolic reactions
and processes that take place
in the cells of organisms to
convert chemical energy from
oxygen molecules or nutrients
into adenosine triphosphate,
and then release waste
products.

12. In biology,homeostasis refers to
any self-regulating process by
which biological systems tend to
maintain stability while adjusting
to conditions that are optimal for
survival.

13. If chloroplasts play an important role in
photosynthesis, the mitochondria also have
significant roles in carrying out the final
steps in the breakdown of these
carbohydrates and capture their stored
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules.
This process, cellular respiration, consumes
oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and
water, completing the cycling molecules.

14. STAGES OF AEROBIC
RESPIRATION
1.Glycolysis
2.Formation of Acetyl
Coenzyme A
3.KrebCycle
4.Electron Transport
and Chemiosmosis

15. GLYCOLYSIS
•Greek word “glyco” meaning sweet and “lysis”
meaning to split apart.
•a series of reactions that extract energy from
glucose (six-carbon sugar) by splitting it into
two molecules of pyruvate (three-carbon
molecule) with the production of two molecules
of ATP. (Cytosol)

16. Two-phase of Glycolysis
1. Investment Phase
2. Pay-off Phase

17. INVESTMENT PHASE
•Preparatory phase is the stage which there is
consumption of ATP and is also known as the investment
phase. The first five steps of the glycolysis reaction is
known as the preparatory or investment phase. This
stage consumes energy to convert the glucose molecule
into two molecules three-carbon sugar molecule.

18. Pay-off Phase-this phase is
characterized by gain of the energy-
rich molecules ATP and NADH.

19. Thefollowingsequenceofeventstakeplacein
glycolysis.Enzymescatalyzedthesereactions

20. Isomerase,anyoneofaclassofenzymes
thatcatalyzereactionsinvolvinga
structuralrearrangementofamolecule.
Phosphorylationistheattachmentofa
phosphategrouptoamoleculeoranion.
Oxidationcanbedefinedastheprocess
whenanatomoranionloseselectrons.

22. NOTE
In the process, four ATP molecules and two
molecules of NADH are formed. Glycolysis has
a net of two ATP molecules since two molecules
of ATP were used in the initial stage.

23. FORMATION OF ACETYL COENZYME

24. FORMATION OF ACETYL COENZYME A (LINK
REACTION)
•Location: Mitochondrial matrix
•Process: Each pyruvate (3C) is converted into Acetyl
CoA (2C).
•By-products: Releases CO₂and produces NADH.
•This step links glycolysis to the Krebs cycle.

25. KREBS CYCLE
•a set of reactions wherein the acetyl group of acetyl
CoA combines with a four-carbon molecule known as
oxaloacetate.
•1 CYCLE OF KREB CYCLE = 3 NADH

26. KREBS CYCLE

27. KREBS CYCLE

28. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
-transfer electrons through a
membrane within the mitochondria
to form and eventually drives the
creation of atp.
ATP PRODUCE HERE IS 36 -38

29. ELECTRON TRANSPORT AND
CHEMIOSMOSIS

30. CHEMIOSMOSIS
is the movement of hydrogen ion
back across the membrane.

31. ELECTRON TRANSPORT AND
CHEMIOSMOSIS

32. STAGE SUMMARY SOME
STARTING
MATERIALS
SOME END
PRODUCTS
1. Glycolysis (in
cytosol)
Seriesofreactionsinwhichglucoseisdegraded
topyruvate;netprofitof2ATPs;electronsare
transferredtocarriers;canproceedanaerobically
Glucose, ATP,
NAD
+
, ADP, P
i
Pyruvate, ATP,
NADH
2. Formation of
Acetyl CoA (in
mitochondria)
Pyruvateisdegradedandcombinedwith
coenzymeAtoformacetylCoA;electronsare
transferredtocarriers;CO
2isreleased
Pyruvate,
Coenzyme A,
NAD
+
Acetyl CoA, CO
2,
NADH
3. Krebs Cycle (Citric
Acid Cycle)
Seriesofreactionsinwhichtheacetylportionof
acetylCoAisdegradedtoCO
2;electronsare
transferredtocarriers;ATPissynthesized
Acetyl CoA, H
2O,
ADP, P
i
CO
2, NADH,
FADH
2, ATP
4. Electron Transport
and Chemiosmosis (in
mitochondria)
Chainofseveralelectrontransportmolecules;
electronsarepassedalongchain;released
energyisusedtoformaprotongradient;ATPis
synthesizedasprotonsdiffusedownthe
gradient;oxygenisfinalelectronacceptor.
NADH, FADH
2,
O
2, ADP, P
i
ATP, H
2O, NAD
+
,
FAD

33. ACTIVITY 1
•PrepareadetailedFLOWCHARTshowingthemajorfeaturesof
glycolysis,LinkReaction,Krebscycle,electrontransportsystem,
andchemiosmosis.Makesurethatyourorganizercontainsthemost
importantinformationincludingthetotalnumberofenergy-rich
moleculesineachprocess.Theorganizershouldalsobeeasyto
understand.Usetherubricbelowasyourguideinaccomplishingthis
task.Useaseparatesheetofpapertoaccomplishtheactivity.

34. ScoreCriteria Descriptor
Accuracy Informationaccuratelyrepresentsthebiochemicaleventsandtheirse
quences.
Clarity Informationispresentedclearlyandlogically,easytofollowandunde
rstand.
LabelsandTitl
es
Allstagesandcomponentsareproperlylabeled,withtitlesforeachsec
tion.
Connectionsan
dFlow
Demonstrateshoweachstageconnectstothenext,showingtheflowof
energyandmoleculesthroughtheprocess.
Creativity Showsoriginalityandcreativityinthedesignandpresentationofthei
nformation.

35. Summarize the different stages in aerobic respiration
using the sample template below. (1 Point each)
STAGE SUMMARY REACTANTS PRODUCTS

36. SCAFFOLD 3
Score Description
5 Theanswerexplainsthetopicwell.Itiscomprehensiveandconcise.Allpartsofthe
answerareclear,accurate,andcorrect.Theansweriselaboratedthroughgiving
correctexamplesthatarebasedonreallifesituations.
4 Theanswerexplainsthetopicwell.Itiscomprehensivebutverbose(toowordy).
Almostallpartsoftheanswerareclear,accurate,andcorrect.
3 Theanswerprovidesanexplanationofthetopicbutitisnotcomprehensive.Some
partsoftheanswerarenotrelatedtoorirrelevantwiththetopic.
2 Theanswershowspoorunderstandingofthetopic.Almostallpartsoftheanswerare
eithervague(notclear),inaccurate,incorrect,orirrelevantwiththetopic.
1 Theanswerisirrelevant.

37. Question for the Analysis:
9/3/20XX Presentation Title 37
1.Whathaveyounoticedonthefermentedwinebeforethefiltration?
2.Whatdoesitmeanifthereisaformationofbubbles?
3.Howyouwilldescribetheappearanceandsmellofthemixture.?
4.Wouldyouconsideryourexperimentsuccessful?Whyorwhynot?
5. Summarize the steps you did in post-fermentation.

38. REFERENCES
Barnes, N. S., & Curtis, H. (1989). Biology. 5
th
Ed. Worth Publishers,
Inc.
Brooks/Cole. Four Stages of Aerobic Respiration (n.d.) [Photograph].
https://slideplayer.com/slide/8077186/
Crichton, R. (2019). Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate. Science Direct.
[Photograph].
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/glyceraldehyde-
3-phosphate

39. REFERENCES
Dalandan, Valenzuela. (2016). General Biology 1. Jo-Es Publishing
House, Inc
Electron Transport Chain. (n.d.) [Video].
Youtube.com.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VER6xW_r1vc
Faltado, R.E., Lopez, M. B., & Paz de Leon, R. B. (2017). General
Biology 1. Lorimar Publishing, Inc.
Glycolysis. (n.d.) [Photograph].
https://www.sparknotes.com/biology/cellrespiration/glycol
ysis/section1/

40. REFERENCES
Hoefnagels. General Biology (I and II). (2016). McGraw-Hill
Education
Solomon, B.M. (2005). How Cells Make ATP: Energy-Releasing
Pathways. 7th Edition. Learning Biology
The Reaction(n.d.) [Photograph].
https://www.chem.uwec.edu/webpapers_f99/pages/webpapers_f
99/dowlinke/Pages/reaction.html