WF Studies; Water resources of Pakistan.pptx

for research and study

1. Water Resources of Pakistan

2. Resource Is a source or supply from which a benefit is produced An item becomes a resource with time and developing technology Materials, energy, services, staff, knowledge, or other assets that are transformed to produce benefit Benefits of resources utilized may include may include increased wealth, proper functioning of a system or enhanced well being

3. Water Resources Water resources are natural resources of water that are potentially useful. All living things require water to grow and reproduce. 97% of salt water 3% of fresh water 2/3 of frozen in Glaciers and Ice caps

4. Rainfall Surface water Ground water Fresh water Frozen water

5. Rain fall pattern Two major sources of rainfall in Pakistan: Monsoons Western Disturbances Annual rain fall (125mm in South-East to 750mm North-West) There are two periods of thunderstorms in Pakistan: April-June October-November Total water generated by rainfall is a round of 32 BCM Contribution to crops is 10-20%

6. Total inflow (171 BCM) Terbela (10.38 BCM -485 ft) Mangla (5.90 BCM -380 ft) 48 Canals (61000 km) 9 Barrages (1,70,000) Watercourses (1.6 Million km) Surface water

7. Exploitation of ground water is 59 BCM Over 9,000,000 private tube-wells 40% of total supply at farm gate Ground water

8. In the last 25- 30 years, ground water has become a major supplement to canal supplies, especially in the Upper Indus Plain, where ground water quality is good. Large scale tube well pumpage for irrigation started in the early sixties. There are presently more than 500,000 tubewells in the Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) and the annual pumpage in all canal command areas has been estimated to be over 50 BCM. According to a study, the total groundwater potential in Pakistan is of the order of 55 MAF.

9. Fresh water River inflows: From snow and glaciers melt from Himalayas region (97-172 million acres feet MAF)

10. No. of major reservoirs: 03 No. of barrages 16 No. of head works 02 No. of inter-link canals: 12 No. of canals systems: 44 No. of water courses: 107,000 Length of canals: 56,073km Key facts

11. Length of water courses: 1.6 million km Average canal water diversions: 10.47 MAF Groundwater abstractions: 41.6 MAF No. of tube wells: 550,000 Irrigated areas: 3.6 million acres Average Escapage to the sea: 39.4 MAF Rivers in Pakistan 4 in Sindh, 7 in Baluchistan, 8 in KPK, 5 in Punjab Key facts

12. Water is becoming scarce with each passing day. Per capita availability of fresh water in Pakistan has decreased by about 800% since 1950. Efficient and judicious use of the irrigation water is the only sustainable option left with us. Surface water is still the largest source of irrigation in Pakistan (31% as a single source). Existing situation in Pakistan

13. The goals of the government for the development of water resources are reflected in the WAPDA Vision 2025 document, which stipulates the addition of 64 MAF of storage capacity and about 27,000 MW of additional power - mainly through hydel sources, by the year 2025. The estimated investment for Vision 2025 will be $50 billion spread over the next 25 years.

14. Indus Water Treaty 1960-between India and Pakistan Singning of Indus water treaty on 19 September 1960

15. Indus Water Treaty ( 1960 ) Plan India Pakistan Initial Indian 29 MAF/year 90 MAF/year Initial Pakistan 15.5 102.5 Revised Indian All the water from E. rivers and 7% of W. rivers Some water from E. rivers and 93% from W. rivers Revised Pakistan 30% of E. rivers and nothing from W. rivers 70% E. rivers and all from west rivers World bank proposal Entire flow from eastern rivers All flow from western rivers

16. Terbela dam-the Indus (10.38 BCM- 485 ft) Located in the Swabi and Haripur Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

17. Mangla dam (5.9 BCM-380 ft), Azad Kashmir, Constructed in 1967

18. Pakistan has the 36th-largest total renewable water resources in the world (246.8 km³). How large is Pakistan's renewable water resources?