What Is A Slab? And What Are The Different Types Of Slab?

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The article is related to what is the slab? And the different types of slab in construction. Different Types of Concrete Slabs in Construction 1. Flat Slab 2. Flat Plates 3.Conventional Slab( I. One Way Slab II.Two Way Slab) 4. Hallow Core Slab 5. Hardy Slab 6. Dome Slab 7. Pitch Roof Slab 8. Slab With Arches 9. Post Tension Slab 10. Pre-Tension Slab 11. Cable Suspension Slab 12. Low Roof Slab 13. Projected Slab 14. Grad Slab / Slab On Grade ( I. Slab On Ground II. Stiffened Raft Slab III. Waffle Raft Slab 15. Bubble Deck Slab 16. Composite Slab
17. Sunken Slab

1. What Is The Slab? And What Are The Different Types Of Slab?

2. The article is related to what is the slab? And what are the different types of slab in construction? Slab is the important component of structure. The Slab provides roof to the structure which provide comfort to user. Introduction

3. The Slab is the horizontal structural member which is used to form floors, roof decks and ceilings. It is made up of concrete or reinforced cement concrete. The slab is working as roof when placed at the top of the structure, the roof or the slab is supported by columns, beams and walls. Usually, reinforced concrete slab and beam cast monolithically in the structure. What Is The Slab?

4. There are different types of concrete slab which are used in construction. Some are outdated and some are used nowadays. We are discussing in detail as follows, 1. Flat Slab 2. Flat Plates 3. Conventional Slab i )One Way Slab ii)Two Way Slab 4. Hallow Core Slab 5. Hardy Slab 6. Dome Slab 7. Pitch Roof Slab

5. 8 . Slab With Arches 9. Post Tension Slab 10. Pre-Tension Slab 11. Cable Suspension Slab 12. Low Roof Slab 13. Projected Slab 14. Grad Slab / Slab On Grade i ) Slab On Ground ii) Stiffened Raft Slab iii) Waffle Raft Slab 15. Bubble Deck Slab 16. Composite Slab 17. Sunken Slab

6. Flat Slab is the simplest type of slab use in construction of slab, in which slab is constructed on column or column cap without the use of beam. This slab is easy to construct it is economical because it requires less formwork. Due to absence of beam the slab also called as beam less plate. The thickness of slab is more than other type of slab. The floor to floor height is minimized by the slab construction, which makes structure’s view pleasant. The flat slab specially used at the location where no need of beam for making pleasant look of structure such as restaurant, hall, business houses, parking deck, etc. 1. Flat Slab

7. The Flat Plates can be constructed as one-way as well as two ways. The slab is supported by walls and columns. The flat plates are easy to construct, and they need less or simple formwork. The construction process of the flat is very fast. 2. Flat Plates

8. The Conventional Slab is placed on beams and columns. The thickness of the conventional slab is small i.e. 4” or 10 cm. In conventional slab beam and column carry and transferred load to the foundation so the depth of beam is large. The conventional slabs require more formwork as compare to flat slab. The conventional slab consist of reinforcement, the bars which are placed horizontal in slab is called main reinforcement bars and the bars which are placed vertical in slab is called distribution bars. According to length and width of the conventional slab, it again divided into two types as follows, 1. One Way Slab 2. Two Way Slab 3. Conventional Slab

9. One Way Slabs carry load along one direction which is supported by beam on two opposite sides. The condition for one way slab is the ratio of longer span to shorter span of slab should be equal to and greater than 2. The main bars are placed along the shorter direction, and distribution bars are placed along longer direction and they are cranked to resist formation of stresses in slab. I. One Way Slab

10. Two-Way Slabs carry load along both direction and is supported by beams on all four sides. The condition for two-way slab is the ratio of longer span to shorter span of slab should be less than 2. The Distribution bars are provided in both directions, so the bars are cranked in both directions. The two-way slab requires more formworks. The slab is used for multistory buildings. I I. Two-Way Slab

11. Hallow Core Slab is the precast slab with cores or voids. The slabs require less concrete so the self weight of the slab is less. The voids or cores act like service ducts, like plumbing and electricity. The slab is casted where the fast constructions are required. With reducing the weight of structure, it reduces the cost of structure. It is suitable for car parking, multistory buildings, etc . 4. Hallow Core Slab

12. Hardy Slabs are made up from hardy bricks of size 40cm x 20cm x 20cm, which are hallow bricks consist of hollow concrete blocks. . The use of hallow bricks reduce the self weight of slabs. The thickness of the hardy slab is 270mm which is greater than the conventional slab. The construction of the hardy slab is suitable at such locations like Dubai, China, etc. where temperature is higher because they are good heat insulators . 5. Hardy Slab

13. Dome Slab is built on the conventional slab which is semi-circular in shape and mostly used in temples, palace, mosques, etc. Thickness of the slab is 150mm, which is a concrete slab. 6. Dome Slab

14. The Pitch Roof is constructed for aesthetics view to look pleasant and natural. They are inclined slabs, in which tiles sheets are used as roofing material which are lightweight. 7. Pitch Roof Slab

15. The Slab with Arches are mostly constructed at bridges. They were constructed by stone or bricks, but nowadays they are constructed by reinforced concrete or steel. For redirecting wind loads the arch slab is adopted. 8. SlabWith Arches

16. The Post Tension Slab is tensioned after constructing a slab. To resist compression in slab, reinforcement is provided but in post tension slab cables or steel tendons are used. Post tension slab provide better structures with affordable price. 9. PostTension Slab

17. The Pre-Tension Slab is tensioned before placing the slab. In this slabs cables or steel tendons are used in spite of reinforcement. 10. Pre-Tension Slab

18. The Cable Suspension Slab is used where the span of slab is very longer and difficult to build columns, then such pan is supported by the cables. for examples Howrah bridge, London bridge, etc. At every 500 m distance, a column is provided. The slabs are tied with the cables and these cables re joined to the columns. 11. Cable Suspension Slab

19. Low Roof Slab is provided above the door for storage purpose. This slab is used specially in houses which are in between the actual slab and above the door sill level. The slab is open at one end and closed at all ends. 12. LowRoof Slab

20. The Projected Slab is fixed at one side and free at other sides. Projected slab also called s cantilever slab. The projected slab is mostly constructed at hotels, function halls, etc. The space below the projected slab is used for dropping or picking up zone and as loading or unloading area. 13. Projected Slab

21. The slab which is constructed on ground is called grad slab or slab on grad. It is again divided into three types as follows, I. Slab On Ground II. Stiffened Raft Slab III. Waffle Raft Slab 14. Grade Slab / Slab On Grade

22. The slab is constructed on ground surface with stiffing beams which are constructed around the perimeter of slab. The slab is only suitable t the ground surface with sand and rock. The thickness of slab is 100mm. I. Slab On Ground

23. The Stiffened Raft Slab is like slab on ground or ground slab but difference is that beams are set through the middle of slab in the channels. II. Stiffened Raft Slab

24. The Waffle Raft Slab is constructed above the ground by using polystyrene blocks. First of all polystyrene blocks are placed on ground and then concrete is poured on the surface. If the ground is very flat then the waffle raft slab is the choice, which is easy to construct and cheaper also. III. Waffle Raft Slab

25. For the construction of Bubble Deck Slab prefabricated plastic bubbles are used at the place of ineffective concrete at the centre of slab. The plastic bubbles are prefabricated and then reinforcement placed. Lastly concrete is poured over the plastic bubbles. Bubble deck slab reduce the self weight of slab and increase strength. It reduces the cost of construction and it is environmental friendly. 15. Bubble Deck Slab

26. The composite slab is the combination of reinforced slab and steel decking means the reinforced concrete cast on top of the profiled steel decking. During construction period steel decking act as formwork and working area, and in service life of slab, it acts as external reinforcement. The slab is made up of concrete to reduce floor’s deflections and vibrations. Also concrete is fire resistive. 16. Composite Slab

27. The Sunken Slab is the slab which is provided below the washrooms to hide sewerage pipes or sewage pipes. The pipes which carry water are hidden below the floor. The floor is filled with coal or broken pieces of bricks, after casting the pipes. There are two types of sunken slab as follows, The slab which provide above normal floor level t height of 0.2m to 0.3m and the space is filled with the coal and broken pieces of bricks. The slab which provide below normal floor level t height of 0.2m to 0.3m and the space is filled with the coal and broken pieces of bricks 17. Sunken Slab