What is DOS (Disk Operating System).pdf

A DOS, or disk operating system, is an operating system that runs from a disk drive. The term can also refer to a particular family of disk operating ...
DOS is a family of disk-based operating systems for IBM PC compatible computers. The DOS family primarily consists of Microsoft's MS-DOS and a rebranded ...

1. WhatisDOS?(DiskoperatingSystem)
ItstandsforMicrosofDiskOperatingSystem.ItisanexampleofSimgleuserOperating
System.ItisalsocalledCUI(CharaterUserInterface).
MS-DOSisanon-graphicalcommandlineoperatingsystem.Originallydeveloppedby
MicrosoftforIBM,MS-DOSwasthestanderdoperatingsystemforIBM-compatiblepersonal
computers.
MS-doswasoriginallywrittenbyTimPatersonandintroducedbyMicrosoftinAugust1981.
MS-DOSinnolargeused;however,thecommandsheel/prompt,morecommandKnownas
theWindowscommandlineisstillusedbymanyuserandcomputer.
WegiveEnglishlikecommandsandDOSconvertsitintomachinelanguageandafterthe
computerhasprocessedtheinformation,returnstheresultsinEnglish.
Q.HowtoopenDOSinWindows?
=Start>AllProgram>Accessories>CommandPrompt.
Start>Run-CMDorCommand

2. Q.HowtomakeMS-DOSWindowMaximize(fullScreem)?
=ALT+ENTER(applicableforWindowsxpnotfor7,8&10)
Q.HowtoexitfromDOS?
=ExitCommandisusetoexitCommandPrompt.
Q.HowtochangeDriveinMS-DOS?
=Syntax:- DriveName:(pressenterkey)
Example-D:
BOOTING:
Processthatstartsupacomputeriscalledbooting.Itcheckforproperfunctioningofallthe
Hardware(peripheral)devicesattachedwiththesystem.Itsearchsfortheoperatingsystem
and,whenlocated,loadsitintothemainmemory(RAM).
DOS/CommandPrompt
C:/> itisknowasDOS/commandprompt,wherewegivethecommands.
DOScommand
Commandsarepredefineinstructionwhichisusedtoperforminternalandexternal
operation.
AcommandcanbegivenincapitalsorSmalllettersalso.AfterTypingDOScommandwe
muctpressenterkey.
DOScommanddividedinto2parts.
1.InternalCommandsorMemory-ResidentCommands.
2.ExternalCommandorDisk-ResidenceCommands.
1.InternalCommand

3. Thesecommandsareautomaticallyloadedintothecomputer'smemoryduringthebootimg
process.TheyactuallyincludedintheCommandsareexecutableimmediatlyaftergetting
theDOSprompt.
Afewinternalcommandsare:
VER CD..
VOL RD
DATE COPYCON
TIME TYPE
CLS COPY
DIR DEL
MD REN
CD PROMPT
VER
AllO/Shasitsowneditionnumberorrelaseorversionnumber.Theversionnumber
indicateswhicheditionofO/Sweareworkingon.
Syntax:VER
Example:VER
MicrosoftWindowsXP[version5.1.2600]
VOL
Itisusedtodisplayvolumelable(name)andserialnumberofthecurrentdrive.
Syntax: VOL[drive:]
Example:C:/>VOLD:
DATE

4. Usedtodisplaythecurrentsystemdateandpromptforenteringnewdate.
Syntax: DATE
Example:Date
TIME:
DisplaythecurrentsystemTimeandpromptforenteringnewtime.
Syntax: TIME
Example:Time
CLS:
Clearthescreen.
Syntax: CLS
Example:CLS
MDorMKDIR:
UsedtocreatanewDirectoryornestedDirectories.
Syntax: MDDIRECTORYNAME
MKDIRDIRECTORYNAME
Example:MDHARI<ENTER>
CD:
Thiscommandallowsustochangepresentdirectorytoanotherdirectory.
Syntex: CD[directoryname]

5. Example:CD Hari<Enter>
RD
Todeletetheemptydirectry.
Syntax: RD[directroyname]<Enter>
Example:RDHaripress<Enter>
NOTE:-
ThedirctroymuctbeemptywhenweuseRD
*Removewithsubdirectoriesandfiles.
Syntax: RD/S[directroyname]
Example:RD/sCOLOURpress<Enter>
COPYCON:
Weusethiscommandtocreateanewfile.
Syntax:COPYCON<FILENAME>
TherearetwonameinDOSandisdividedinto2parts.
1.PrimaryName 2.Secondaryorextension.
PrimarynameisseparatedfromtheSecondarynaemextensionwiththehelpofadot(.)
Example: Ram.TXT
Secondarynameisoptional.TheextensiontellsDOSaboutwhatkindoffileitis.

6. AvalidCharacterfornamingafileare.fromAtoZandthedigit0to9
Example: CopyConHari.text
Note:-Typinghareandwhenwearedone,pressCtr+ZorF6keyfollowedbyEntertosave
thecurrentdocument.
TYPE:
Thiscommandallowedallowsustoseetheconttentsofanexistingfileonthescreen.
Syntax: TYPE<FileName>
Example: TYPEHari.text
COPY:
WecanUsecopycommandintwoways:-
FiletoFileCopyUsingthiscommandoverrideonefileofanexistingfilefromonelocationto
anotherfile.
Syntax: COPY[SOURCEFILENAME] [TARGARFILENAME]
Example: COPYhari.txtKrishna.text
FiletoFileDirectory
Thisisusetoduplicatefilesofanexistingfileonedirectorytoanotherwithdifferentnameor
exitingname.
Syntex: COPY[SOURCEFILENAME] [TARGETDirectoryName]
DEL/ERASE
Thiscommandremovesoneormorefilesfromthediskorcurrentworkingdirectorys.

7. Syntax: DEL[FileName]orERASE [FileName]
Example:DELHari.txtorERASE Krishna.Txt
REN
Usedtochangethenameofthefileordirectory.
RenameDirectory
Syntax: Ren[olddirectoryname]
[newdirectoryname]
RenameFile
Syntax: REN<oldfilename.Extension> <Newfilename.Extension>
Example:RENHari.text Krishna.doc
DIR:
Thiscommanddisplaythelistofdirectoryandfileswithdetailslikedateofcreationwhether
itisdirectoryorfileetc.
Syntax: DIR<ENTER>
DIRCommandwithSwithes:
DIR/OD Datewise.
DIR/ON Alphabetical.
DIR/OE Extensionwise.
DIR/L Fileanddirectoryin lowercaseletters.

8. DIR/S ToseeSubdirectory.
DIR/P ToSeeUsingPause
(LikemoreCommand).
DIR/AH Toseehiddenfile.
DIR/W Displayonlycolumn
offilenamesand
directories.
DIR/B Displaysonlyfileor directory.
"?"And"*" Wildcardcharacter.
DIR? Displaydirectoryof latterasmany?mark
thosemanydirectory.
DIR*.txt Displayallthefiles withextension.txt
PROMPPT:
Thiscommandallowsustocustomozethedosprompt.
Syntax:PROMPT$Switches
Example:PROMPT$P$G<Enter>
TREE:
Itisusedtodisplaydirectorystructureofaspecifieddirectorygraphcally.
Syntax:TREE<DirectoryName>
TREE/F:
Itisusedtodisplaythenamesofthefileineachdirectory.

9. Syntax:TREE/F<DirectoryName>
2.EXTERNALCOMMAND
ThesearealsocalledDisk-ResidentCommands.Thesecommandsaremeantforspecial
purpose.ThesearefoundinSeparadefilesonHardDiskorFloppyDisk,Sothattheydon't
typicallyconsumevaluablememoryonlyehencalled.
SomeExternalCommandsare:
MOVE
EDIT
MOVE:Thiscommandmove(cut)afileorgroupoffilsfromonedirectorytoanother
andalsoonedisktoanotherdisk.
Syntax:move<fileName><DirectoryName>
DownArrow:Showthenextcommandexecutedaftertheonethat'sbeingdisplayed.
F7-Displaytheentirelistofcommandthatisexecuted.
F9-Selectcommands.
Alt+F7-Erasethecommandhistorylist.
Esc-Clearthecommandline.