What is First Aid and the Basics of First Aid.pptx

What is First Aid and the Basics of First Aid.pptx

1. 1
FIRST AID
BASICS

2. Question?
What will you do if the
following situations will
happen to you?
2

3. 3

4. 4

5. 5

6.  Stairways are well
lit.
All medicines are
kept locked in the
medication cabinet.
All medicines are
sorted in one
container and are
out of reach of
children.
6

7.  Follow strictly the
rules and guidelines
of the game.
 Wear
recommended
safety gear for any
sports.
Check sports
equipment if it is in
good condition.
7

8. 
Be aware of the fire
evacuation procedure.
 Know the location of
the first aid supplies
and the nearest fire
extinguisher.
 Know where and
when to report
emergency.
8

9. FIRST AID
First aid is the provision
of immediate care and
intervention to an injured or
ill person.
9

10. What if first aid is not given to
an injured person?
It may result to in
worsening of the patient’s
condition, permanent
damage, or even death.
10

11. First aid aims to alleviate
suffering , prolong life, and
prevent added injury or
danger to the victim (PNRC,
2007)
11

12. Why learn first aid?
If you learn the basics of
first aid, you might one day
save the life of a loved one,
colleague or stranger.
12

13. Roles of a first aider

The first aider serves as the
bridge that fills the gap
between the victim and the
physician.
The first aider ensures his/her
own safety and that
of the bystanders
13

14. Roles of a first aider

The first aider should assess
for any possible risks to the
patients life.
 The first aider should contact
for advanced medical
care as needed.
14

15. Roles of a first aider

The first aider should provide
the needed care of the patient
(PNRC, 2007)
15

16. principles of first aid

Keep the victim under control.
Remain calm.
16

Attend first to the victim
who must be prioritized.

Protect the victim and
to not do further harm.

17. Characteristics of a good First Aider
1.Gentle – A caring touch lessens the pain
of the injury that the victim feels.
2.Observant – The accident scene in a sport
activity should be inspected thoroughly to
prevent further harm.
17

18. Characteristics of a good First Aider
3. Resourceful – Having the ability to find
quick and clever ways to overcome
difficulties faced by the first aider.
4. Tactful - A keen sense of what to say or
do to avoid giving fear to the victim.
18

19. Characteristics of a good First Aider
5. Sympathetic - Feeling, showing, or
expressing sympathy or of showing concern.
6. Respectable – Should maintain a
professional attitude.
19

20. Important reminders when administering
first aid:
Be calm and deliberate
Keep the victim as comfortable as
possible.
Give water rather than tea, coffee,
or alcohol.
Keep bystanders away.
Do not waste time
20

21. 
Splint fractures before moving
21

22. Important reminders when administering
first aid:
 Do not provide false
reassurance to the victim.
22

23.  Notify the family members or
significant others regarding the
incident.
23

24. Provision of Emergency Care
An emergency is any situation that
can seriously compromise a person’s
current health status. If the symptoms
manifested already appear critical or
life threatening, then you are most
likely dealing with emergency.
24

25. Provision of Emergency Care
Life support refers to
emergency measures performed
in emergency situation to sustain
the life of a victim (AHA, 2005).
25

26. Types of life support
A. Basic Life Support (BLS) – is
composed of foreign body airway
management, rescue breathing,
and cardiopulmonary
resuscitation until the arrival of
advanced medical assistance
26

27. Types of life support
B. Advance Cardiovascular Life Su
pport
– is the use of special equipment
to maintain breathing and
circulation for the victim
27

28. Types of life support
C. Prolonged Life Support– is
given after successful
resuscitation to sustain life
28

29. 29

30. Guidelines in Giving Emergency
Care
A. Scene Survey
30

31. Guidelines in Giving Emergency
Care
B. Primary Survey of the Victim
31
1. Check for Consciousness

32. Guidelines in Giving Emergency
Care
B. Primary Survey of the Victim
32
1.Check for Consciousness
oCall 117 (Philippine
Emergency Code) or the
contact number of the
nearest hospital.

33. Guidelines in Giving Emergency
Care
B. Primary Survey of the Victim
33
1.Check for Consciousness
oObserve the Call First or
Care First Principle if you are
a lone rescuer.

34. Guidelines in Giving Emergency
Care
B. Primary Survey of the Victim
34
1.Check for Consciousness
o Call First -  In call first
situation, you would call the
local emergency number
before giving care . (For
adults/12 yrs. above.

35. Guidelines in Giving Emergency
Care
B. Primary Survey of the Victim
35
1.Check for Consciousness
oCare First-  In care first
situations, you would give
2 minutes of care first and
then call.

36. Guidelines in Giving Emergency
Care
B. Primary Survey of the Victim
36
2. Check for pulse
(Circulation)
oAdult and Children –
Carotid Pulse
o Infant – Brachial Pulse

37. Guidelines in Giving Emergency
Care
B. Primary Survey of the Victim
37
3. Compressions, Airway and
Breathing (CAB) Initiate Chest
Compression
o Push hard and push fast
4. Open the Airway
5. Begin Rescue Breathing

38. Guidelines in Giving Emergency
Care
C. Secondary Survey
38
Is the systematic method of
gathering additional
information pertaining to the
victims injuries

39. Guidelines in Giving Emergency
Care
C. Secondary Survey
39
1.PASAC
a)Patients name
b)Age
c)Sex
d)Address
e)Contact number

40. Guidelines in Giving Emergency
Care
C. Secondary Survey
40
2. Vital Signs
a)Temperature
b)Pulse Rate
c)Respiratory rate
d)Blood pressure
e)Pain

41. Guidelines in Giving Emergency Care
C. Secondary Survey
41
3. Sample History
a)Signs and symptoms
b)Allergies
c)Medications
d)Past/present medical history
e)Last oral intake
f)Events leading to injury

42. Guidelines in Giving Emergency Care
C. Secondary Survey
42
4. Head-to-toe examination
a)Deformity

43. Guidelines in Giving Emergency Care
C. Secondary Survey
43
4. Head-to-toe examination
b.) Contusion

44. Guidelines in Giving Emergency Care
C. Secondary Survey
44
4. Head-to-toe examination
c.) Abrasion

45. Guidelines in Giving Emergency Care
C. Secondary Survey
45
4. Head-to-toe examination
d.) Puncture

46. Guidelines in Giving Emergency Care
C. Secondary Survey
46
4. Head-to-toe examination
e.) Burns

47. Guidelines in Giving Emergency Care
C. Secondary Survey
47
4. Head-to-toe examination
f.) Tenderness

48. Guidelines in Giving Emergency Care
C. Secondary Survey
48
4. Head-to-toe examination
g.) Laceration

49. Guidelines in Giving Emergency Care
C. Secondary Survey
49
4. Head-to-toe examination
h.) Swelling

50. 50

51. Principles of First Aid
1.Preserve life
2.Prevent further harm
3.Promote recovery
51

52. C - A – B of First Aid
C – Circulation or Compression
Keep the blood inside the body
and the heart beating.
52

53. C - A – B of First Aid
A – Airway
Keep a path open for air to go
from the mouth to the lungs
53

54. C - A – B of First Aid
B – Breathing
Move air from the outside of the
lungs
54

55. •Sports injuries commonly happen when
playing a sport or doing an exercise. This
can result from a trauma or overuse of a
body part during actual play.
55
What are Sports Injuries?

56. 56
Sports
Injuries
Dance
and

57. 57
during exercise
Stay safe

58. 58
Classification of injuries
ACUTE INJURIES
- This happens while doing
a physical activity such as
sprains, strains or fractures.

59. 59
Classification of injuries
CHRONIC INJURIES
- Which are also called
overuse injuries, are health
problems that can develop slowly
and last a long time. If they're not
treated promptly, they can cause
a lifetime of pain, inflammation,
and overall discomfort.

60. 60
FIRST AID
Initial care for an illness or
injury that can be performed by
experts or non-experts in case of
emergency.
OBJECTIVE of FIRST AID
Preserve life
Prevent further harm
Promote recovery

61. 61
Types of common sports injuries

62. 62
Spasticity (Cramp)
Stiffening of muscles that
prevents muscles from
contracting voluntarily

63. 63
Handling Spasticity (Cramps)
•Stretch and massage the affected
area.
•Put your weight on the cramped
leg and pull the toes toward the
body.
•Apply warm towel or massage
with ice

64. 64
Sprain
It refers to partial or
complete ligament tears
around joints.
Signs:
a.Inflammation
b.Swelling
c.Inability to move
d.Instability

65. 65
Handling Sprains and Strains

66. 66
Handling Sprains and Strains
Do not put any weight on the
injured area.

67. Handling Sprains and Strains
Apply a cold pack or cold water
immediately on the injured area for 15
to 20 minutes, four to eight times a day
until swelling is reduced.

68. Handling Sprains and Strains
Helps to immobilize and protect the
joint. Elastic or bandage may be used.

69. Handling Sprains and Strains
The injured area should be above the
level of the heart but make sure it does
not cause any pain.

70. 70
Heat stroke
It may occur when body temperature rises
too high (to around or even above 38°C)
and the body cannot be cooled down by
sweating.

71. 71
Handling Heat Stroke
Move the patient to a shaded and cool
place
Remove excessive clothing
Let the patient drink a bit of cold water
Keep the patient from dehydrating
Lower the patient’s body temperature
(In serious cases, if the patient is
unconscious, seek medical help
immediately and send him/her to a
hospital for treatment.)

72. 72
Types of common sports injuries
Strain
Wear and tear

73. 73
Abrasion
Contusion Sprain
Characteristics of a good First Aider

74. 74
Types of common sports injuries
Heat stroke
Fracture

75. 75
Always remember:
Prevention is better than cure
All rights reserved by the LCSD

76. 76
Types of common sports injuries
Spasticity (Cramp)
Luxation

77. 77
Abrasion
refers to skin damages
mostly caused by scratches during falls

78. 78
Contusion
It is sometimes called “bruising”
It refers to bruising and
swelling caused by damage
to subcutaneous tissues by
impact without rupturing the
skin.

79. 79
Strain
It refers to partial or complete
rupture of muscle fibres caused by
irregular muscle contraction. It is
usually caused by inadequate
warm-up before exercise.

80. 80
Wear and tear
It refers to the overload of joints or muscles
caused by repetitive overuse of certain tissues
or structures of the body.

81. 81
Fracture and Luxation
Fracture
refers to the breaking of bones by strong
impact or prolonged, excessive and
unaccustomed exercises.
Luxation
refers to the dislocation of bones at
joints which usually comes with
ruptured ligaments around the joints.

82. 82
Prevention of sports injuries
Preventive measures for internal factors
Preventive measures for external factors

83. 83
Preventive measures for
internal factors
•Choose the right sport
Be wellprepared when playing
‑
sports that are prone to injuries
(e.g. boxing and horse riding)

84. 84
Preventive measures for
internal factors
•Mental preparation
Be well prepared mentally for the sport

85. 85
Preventive measures for
internal factors
•Replenishment of water
Make sure you have enough water before and
after exercise

86. 86
Warm-up exercises
cool-down exercises
Warm-up exercises
Jogging + stretching
 flexibility of muscles and joints
 chance of injury
Cool-down exercises
Jogging + stretching
get the cardiovascular system back to normal
get rid of the metabolic wastes (lactic acid) in
muscles

87. Preventive measures for
external factors
Be alert to the
environment
Pay attention
to instructions
from coaches
87
Appropriate
equipment

88. 88
Handling sports injuries
Abrasions
Sprains and strains
Spasticity (cramps)
Bruises and swelling
Heat stroke
Bone Fracture or Luxation

89. 89
Handling Abrasion
•Clean the wound
•Cover the wound with a sterile dressing and apply
direct pressure to the wound for 5 to 15 minutes
•Raise the wound above the heart if possible
•Severe bleeding go to a hospital for treatment

90. 90
Wrong ways to handle
sprains and strains

91. 91
Handling Bruises and Swelling
Apply ice
Raise the wound
Severe case
Relieve
swelling
lower chances of
inflammation
go to a hospital for treatment

92. 92
Handling Bone Fracture
or Luxation
Hold the injured part in place with splints
to prevent further injury to the bone and soft tissues
Avoid moving the injured person, if his/her
injured part has not been held in place.
Do not attempt to reset the dislocated joint.
Send the patient to a hospital as
soon as possible.