WHAT IS RESEARCH (Terms & Definitions) .pptx

WHAT IS RESEARCH (Terms & Definitions) .pptx

1. LET’S LEARN MORE ABOUT RESEARCH

2. Learning the language of research can help you understand research answers to important problems. It can also help you read academic texts (and tests) more easily .

3. The Research Process Research starts with a question or a problem. Researchers first find out what others have already learned about the subject. If the question has not been fully answered, they figure out a way to get more information . They may do further observations or perform an experiment to test their idea .

4. The Research Process Next, they analyze the data (information) they have collected. Then they publish their procedures, data, and conclusions. This allows other scientists to repeat the experiments and double-check the conclusions.

5. Example: Example, the “COVID-19 injectables ” (best proof) of clinical research is a double-blind trial. That is an experiment with two (or more) groups of people in which only one group receives the drug or treatment being tested. The other group gets a placebo . (A placebo is a “sugar pill” or other treatment that looks and feels like the experimental treatment but has no active ingredients. Any effect it has are psychological—because the participants expect it to work.)

6. A “double-blind” experiment gets its name because both the researchers and the participants are “blind” during the test. Nobody knows until the experiment has finished which group got the treatment and which group got an inactive placebo. That helps prevent people's expectations from distorting (twisting or changing) the results. Example:

7. The treatment being tested should give significantly better results than the placebo . If not, any apparent difference it makes may be due to people’s hopes and expectations . So, a double-blind trial is a way to check the effectiveness of a treatment. Example:

8. Design Data Significance Evidence Treatment Experiment Conclusion Observation Statistics Research

9. Let us have them briefly for you to be familiarized with these words of research . Design – it is to plan (plan of) how something will be made or done. Data – these are collected facts or information . Significance – these are important data and meaningful findings in a research. Evidence - observations or information that can help solve a crime or show whether something is true or false.

10. Let us have them briefly for you to be familiarized with these words of research . Treatment – it is the course of action designed for research. Experiment – it is a test to see what happens when all factors (variables) but one is controlled . Conclusion – it is a summary of what has been learned or shown at the end of a study . Observation – it is looking carefully at something.

11. Let us have them briefly for you to be familiarized with these words of research . Statistics – it is the organization and study of numerical data.

12. Do you think research results could be misleading?

13. There are several reasons research results can be misleading. There may be flaws in the research design. Researchers may make mistakes during the experiment or when analyzing the data. They may even be biased: wanting certain results so much that they influence the results.

14. Have you learned something?

15. What do you think is the importance of knowing how to make a research?

16. Get ¼ sheet of paper!

17. Instructions : Read the questions carefully and choose the best answer. 1. What is the first step in the research process? a ) Analyze the data b) Identify a question or problem c) Conduct an experiment d) Publish the findings

18. 2. What term refers to facts or information collected during research ? a) Significance b) Evidence c) Data d) Statistics

19. 3 . What is the purpose of a "double-blind" experiment ? a) To make sure all participants know what they are receiving b) To prevent the researcher and participants from knowing which group receives the treatment c) To ensure that only researchers know who receives the treatment d) To test more than one treatment at a time

20. 4. What is a placebo in a research experiment? a) The actual treatment being tested b) A fake treatment with no active ingredients c) A secondary experimental group d) A conclusion to the research

21. 5 . In a research study, what is the term for a planned action or method used to answer the research question ? a) Observation b) Treatment c) Conclusion d) Design

22. II. True or False (Write T if the statement is true and F if false): _____ 6. An experiment is a test where all factors are controlled except one . _____ 7. Significance refers to the important data and meaningful findings in a research study . _____ 8. Data refers to observations or information used to solve crimes only . _____ 9. The researchers in a double-blind experiment know who receives the treatment . _____ 10. Conclusions are drawn at the beginning of the research process.

23. Answer key : 1. b 2. c 3. b 4. b 5. b 6. T 7. T 8. F (Data refers to collected facts or information in general, not just for solving crimes.) 9. F (In a double-blind experiment, neither the researchers nor participants know who receives the treatment.) 10.F (Conclusions are drawn at the end of the research process .)