Whittaker's 5 kingdom classificaton

This presentation explains Whittaker's five kingdom classification.

1. WHITTAKER’S FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION Presented by, A Raihanathus Sahdhiyya

2. Five Kingdom system RH Whittaker (1969) Main criteria: Cellular organization (Prokaryote/ Eukaryote) (Unicellular / Multicellular) Mode of nutrition (Absorption/ Ingestion/ Photoautotrophic) Reproduction (Sexual/ Asexual)

3. Kingdom Monera Unicellular, Prokaryotic organisms Bacteria – Sole members of this kingdom Live in diverse habitats, most abundant Grouped under 4 categories: Cocci, Bacilli, Spirilla, Vibrio Metabolic diversity of Bacteria: - Autotrophic > Photoautotrophic > Chemoautotrophic - Heterotrophic Subgroups: Archaebacteria , Eubacteria Eg: Bacteria, Blue green algae

4. Kingdom Protista All single celled Eukaryotes are placed under Protista They are primarily Aquatic Cell body contains well defined nucleus, and other membrane bound organelles Some protistan have flagella / cilia for motility Reproduce Asexually & Sexually Includes Chrysophytes, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids, Slime moulds, and Protozoan Eg: Amoeba, Euglena, Paramecium

5. Kingdom Fungi Heterotrophic organisms Show great diversity in morphology and habitat They are cosmopolitan, occurring in air, soil, water, on plants & animals They prefer to grow in warm and humid places Fungi are filamentous (except Yeast), comprising of slender, long thread like constructions called Hyphae . Mass of hyphae called as Mycelium Cell wall - Chitin & Polysaccharides

6. Fungi Most are heterotrophic, and absorb soluble organic matter from dead substrates (Saprophytes). Some are Parasitic depending on other plants & animals Some are Symbionts . Lichens (in association with algae), Mycorrhiza (with roots of higher plants) Reproduction – Vegetative (fragmentation, fission, budding)/ Asexual ( Spores) / Sexual Eg: Yeast (unicellular), Moulds, Mushroom

7. Kingdom plantae All eukaryotic chlorophyll containing organisms – Plants Some are partially heterotrophic (insectivorous plants - Venus flytrap and parasites - Cascuta ) Cell wall mainly made up of Cellulose Reproduce through asexual vegetative propagation / by sexual reproduction Plantae includes algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms & angiosperms

8. Kingdom Animalia Eukaryotic organisms Heterotrophic, depending on other organism for food Multicellular and lacks cell wall Mode of nutrition is Holozoic – ingestion of food Most of them are capable of locomotion Reproduces sexually Eg: Birds, animals, human