Wildlife ecology and environment

A general view of wildlife ecology and how it exists and interact in an environment.

1. TOPIC: WILDLIFE ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT SUBMITTED BY: SUMBAL MASOOD Lahore College For Women University

2. INTRODUCTION

3. CHARACTERISTICS OF WILDLIFE ECOLOGY

4. PREDATION PREY INTERACTION Predation can be defined as occurring when individuals eat all or part of other live individuals. This excludes detritivores and scavengers which eat dead material. There are four types of predation: HERBIVORY PARASITISM CARNIVORY CANNIBALISM MAIN CHARACTERISTICS INCLUDES: The effect of predators on prey density. The behavior of predators Behavior of the prey

5. B.BIOMES: FORESTS BIOMES Forest biomes contain 3 types of biomes as follow: BOREAL FOREST BIOMES TEMPERATE FOREST BIOMES TROPICAL FOREST BIOMES. 2 . WOODLAND BIOMES: 3. SHRUB LAND BIOMES 4. GRASSLAND BIOMES 5. DESERTS 6. MARINE BIOMES

6. C. ANIMALS AS INDIVIDUALS The characteristics of individual animals are shaped by the process of evolution through the associated process of speciation. Geographic barriers, earth movements, and the migration of climatic zones split up the distribution of species, the separated components then adapting to their own disparate environments. These large processes determine the detailed characteristics of the individuals of a population, their morphological and behavioral traits differing within populations and among populations according to genetic programming

7. D. FOOD AND NUTRITION Nutrition and feeding behavior underlies many critical issues in wildlife ecology and management, such as determining the adequacy of food supplies for endangered species or determining the potential yield in response to harvesting. Many aspects of the behavior and ecology of wildlife species are closely tied to seasonal and spatial variation in food availability, including social organization, spacing patterns, breeding synchrony, and mating system.

8. E. ECOLOGY OF BEHAVIOUR Foraging success is strongly affected by behavioral decisions of both predators and their prey. Social interference plays an important role in this process, and we show how interference and territoriality can be viewed as adaptive responses to environmental conditions. All these behaviors have important consequences for the dynamics of wildlife populations.

9. F. POPULATION GROWTH The dynamic behavior of a population – whether it increases, decreases, or remains stable – is determined by its age- or stage- specific mortality and fecundity rates interacting with the underlying distribution of ages or stages in the population. When age- specific rates of fecundity and survivorship remain constant, the population’s age distribution assumes a stable form, even though its size may be changing. These demographic parameters determine the rate of population change over time, forming the logical basis for many conservation and management decisions.

10. CONCLUSION Wildlife ecology is the science behind the practice of wildlife management that seeks to manage wildlife populations Wildlife ecology began as applied science discipline Although people enjoy viewing wildlife and hunting animals for food and fur, conflicts arise because wild animals kill livestock, cause vehicle collisions, and damage crops.