Wind TURBINE WORKING PRINCIPLE & Renewable Power Energy.pptx

it is fully ready wind power energy about wind power technology.

1. Wind TURBINE WORKING PRINCIPLE & Renewable Power Energy Uses Monowar Hossain 1721650 Mechanical Engineering,Spring2020

2. Introduction Wind powers generated electricity from an appliance called wind turbine. A wind turbine is developed from the wind mill; wind turbine is used to generate electricity from any electrical generator. Wind is the air-in-motion. Wind energy is converted in rotary mechanical energy by the wind turbine. Generally, it installs in top of the hills or costal area. The aerodynamics is a very important aspect of wind turbines. Overall the detail of the aerodynamics depends very much on the topology Add a Footer 2

3. Objectives GOAL OF WIND TURBINE i ) Renewable energy source increase ii) Decreasing uses of fissile fuel such as (coil, oil, petroleum) for worldwide generating power iii) Decreasing environment pollution iv) Pure totally green energy using v) Zero percent bad effect for greenhouse gas and so on 3

4. Features Of Wind Turbine Low cost of power unit energy Reducing uses of fossil fuel Depends on aerodynamics Neo magnets for long life High output of low winds Features Of Wind Turbine Sustainable output in high winds Ruggedized body frame Stainless steel components Whisper quiet Add a Footer 4 Title

5. Using Types of Wind mill Add a Footer 5 i) Creating electricity grid transmission . ii) Pumping water or any other kind of mechanical works for creating or generating electricity is updated windmill which known as wind turbine. Its produce huge amount of electricity for supplying home or grid. On the other cases, normally water pumping or other mechanical work as agricultural work done by normal windmill which is older and that is basis on 1800s model windmill. It’s used in particular work in remote area .

6. Description of wind turbine internal materials At wind turbine made by various kind of components. The major components of internal system are given below: i )Blades ii ) Rotor iii ) Low- speed shaft iv ) Pitch system v ) Gear box vi) Anemometer vii) Generator viii) Controller ix ) Yaw motor x) Yaw drive xi ) Brake xii ) High-speed shaft xiii) Tower xiv) Nacelle . 6 Internal particles

7. Wind turbine’s way to produce Electricity In visual way of producing electricity in wind turbine is that : The wind passes over the blades and makes them turn (kinetic energy ). The blades turn a shaft within the nacelle (the box at the top of the turbine ). The shaft turns a generator which converts the kinetic energy into electrical energy by generator. Transformer increases voltage for transmission to substation. Substation increases right voltage and frequency for transmission over long distance. Transmission to grid Add a Footer 7

8. Wind (moving air that contains kinetic energy) blows towards the turbine rotor blades. The rotor spin around, capturing some of the kinetic energy from the wind, and turning the central drive shaft that supports them. Although the outer edges of the rotor blades move very fast, the central axle (drive shaft) they are connected to turns quite slowly. In most large modern turbines, the rotor blades can swivel on the hub at the front so they meet the wind at the best angle or “pitch”) for harvesting energy. This is called the pitch control mechanism. On smaller turbines, small electric motor or hydraulic rams swivel the blades back and forth cinder precise electronic control. On smaller turbines, the pitch control is often completely mechanical. However many turbines have fixed rotors and no pitch control at all Wind turbine’s working principle Add a Footer 8

9. Inside the nacelle (the main body of turbine sitting on top of the tower and behind the blades) , the gearbox converts the low speed rotation of the drive shaft (perhaps 16 revaluations per minute, rpm) into high speed (perhaps 1600 rpm) rotation fast enough to drive the generation efficiently The generator, immediately behind the gearbox, takes kinetic energy from the spinning drive shaft and turns it into electrical energy, a typical 2 mw turbine generator will produce 2 million walls of power at about 700 volts Anemometers (automatic speed measuring devices) and wind vanes on the back of the nacelle provide measurements of the wind speed and direction Wind turbine’s working principle Using these measurements, the entire top part of the turbine (the rotors and nacelle) can be rotated by a yaw motor, mounted between the nacelle and the tower, so it faces directly into the oncoming wind and captures the maximum amount of energy. If it’s too windy or turbulent, brakes are applied to stop the rotor from turning (for safety reasons). The brakes are also applied during routine maintenance. . 9

10. The electric current produce by the generator blow through a cable running down through the inside of the turbine tower. A step-up transformer converts the electricity about 50 times higher voltage so it can be transmitted efficiently to the power grid (or to nearby substation). If the electricity is flowing the grid, its converted to an even higher voltage (130,000 volts or more) by a substation nearby, which services many turbines Homes enjoy clean, green energy: The turbine has produced no greenhouse gas emission or pollution as it operates Wind carries on blowing past the turbine, but with less speed and energy and more turbulence (since the turbine has disrupted its flow) Wind turbine’s working principle Power control: It’s the rated wind speed is exceeded the power has to be limited. They are various ways to achieve this. A control system involves there basic elements sensor to measure process variables, actuators to manipulate energy capture and component loading, and control algorithms to coordinate the actuators based on information gathered by the sensors . 10

11. To find the coefficient of power at a given wind speed, all we have to do is divide the electricity produced by the total energy available in the wind at that speed. So , = Kinetic energy =0.5×mass× Then we can calculate power is P= 0.5×ρ×A×Cp× × × Where, ρ=Air density (kg/m3) A=Rotor swept area (m3) =Coefficient of performance V= Wind velocity = Generator efficiency = gear box × bearing efficiency   Power calculation of wind turbine Add a Footer 11

12. Altering the wind mill design has shown surprising good results. Also the scope of its usage has increased on the one available in variety of forms as per requirement. Here are a few new wind mill designs along with its details Update version of wind turbine 12 Whale power wind turbine: It has redesigned the typically smooth blades on a new blade design could increase annual electrical production for existing wind form by 20 percent. Whale powers tubercle like structures on the turbine blades allow the blades to have steeper angles without causing stalling or creating too much drug. During low wind, blades with steeper angles can be theoretically generate significantly more power.

13. 13 Quiet Revolution wind turbine: The wind turbine is designed for an urban environment with low wind speeds and changing wind direction. Its helical design allows the turbine to collect wind from all direction equally Update version of wind turbine

14. Update version of wind turbine 14 Quiet Revolution wind turbine: The wind turbine is designed for an urban environment with low wind speeds and changing wind direction. Its helical design allows the turbine to collect wind from all direction equally

15. Update version of wind turbine 15 Wind spire wind turbine: Wind spire is a vertical wind turbine smaller to the quiet revolution. This 10m tall, 1.3m wide turbine generates 2000 turbine, adding a series of ridges, based on kilowatts per hour given 20 kmph winds and it can survive winds up to 170 kmph

16. Update version of wind turbine 16 Honeywell wind turbine: Honeywell is a rooftop wind turbine that works in wind speeds as low as 4 kmph . The Honeywell turbine does not have gears like traditional wind turbines instead, it create power from magnets in its blade. It results in lower resistance, which can mean higher energy output.

17. Update version of wind turbine 17 We-power wind turbine: We power is a vertical axis wind turbine that operates quietly and performs well in low speed winds. Unlike many turbines which either rely solely on lift (in this case of traditional three blades turbines) or drag (used in wind speed gauge anemometers) we power uses combination of both. Its unique airfoil lets it produce power at low wind speeds.

18. Add a Footer 18 Spiral Drag wind Turbine: This vertical axis turbine uses drag propulsion to push the blade that is designed as an in volutes spiral. The turbine uses aluminum vanes formed into an in volutes spiral giving the blade extremely high surface area to capture wind and rotate. Update version of wind turbine

19. Add a Footer 19 Architectural wind Turbine: Architectural wind turbine is a small wind turbine that can be mounted on the two edge of a building. When wind hits a building, the resistance creates an area of accelerated air flow straight up the side of the building. It is situated at Logan International Airport in Boston and BAHARAIN WORLD TRADE CENTER . Update version of wind turbine

20. Update version of wind turbine 20 Sky serpent wind turbine: The sky serpent makes use of multiples rotors attached to a single generator past multiple rotors turbine have run into trouble became their rotors just catch the wind generated by the spin of neighboring rotors. The sky serpent’s rotors are spaced and angled to ensure that each one is catching fresh wind.

21. Update version of wind turbine 21 Helix wind turbine: Helix wind offers a well-designed system that creates electricity to power any home or small business. This design catches wind from all directions, creating smooth power full torque to spin the electricity generator. It’s mounted up to 12 m high, in winds as low as 16 kmph , thus allowing the Helix system to fulfill electricity needs.

22. Update version of wind turbine Helix wind turbine model 22

23. Older version of wind mill: In comparison to the turbine, windmills are much smaller. During back to the 1300’s, they are also a much older of wind technology, using strong blades attached to a sturdy base, they are design to pump water and grind grain. When the wind blows, the blades catch the air and start to turn. Earlier mills were made mostly of wood, which provided durability and protected them against damaged in strong winds. In the 1800’s, they were a primary source of energy for steam trains and working farms. They were also used to power paper mills, saw timber, and process crops like cocoa, spices and tobacco since 1970’s newer versions have largely replaced wooden models Newer version of wind mills: Newer models have steel blades and automated mechanical components. Turbine is a much newer form of wind powered technology. In contrast to the wind mill, the turbine is only seen as a standalone unit when smaller amounts of wind energy are required . Newer version can produce a lot of electrical energy more than older version Comparison between older and newer model 23

24. Wind energy is one of the most popular and promising forms of renewable energy technology. Today, the average small windmill can produce anywhere from 50 kW up to 600 kW. They are sometimes used alone with modern wind turbines in wind power plants to produce large scale wind powered energy. As a whole, wind turbines are a much more powerful source of electricity. A single structure can produce up to 100 kW of energy, which is sufficient to provide a home or small office with power. The biggest wind turbine, often used in wind plants, can provide up to 9.5 mw of power. A wind turbine is typically 30-457 efficient rising to 50% efficient at times of peak wind. If that sounds low 100% efficient, the wind would completely drop after going through the turbine most on shore wind turbines have a capacity of 2-3 megawatts (mw), which can produce over 6 million kilowatts hour of electricity every year. That’s enough to meet the electricity demand of around 1500 average households Wind Energy Power Production Turkey Wind Farm 24

25. Wind turbines are usually encouraged to be placed in flat areas rather than hills areas. However, installing wind turbines in hills areas is adequate. Wind turbines must be spaced around at least 5 rotor diameters apart which signify that it will certainly takes up a lot of space for the wind turbines to be installed. Other than that, wind turbines are noted to have impact on wildlife and flying creatures. A recent National Wind Coordinating committee (NWCC) revealed that birds and bats are found slain from collisions with wind turbines. As the atmosphere in that time period is not agreeable, there were changes in air pressure which caused by habitat disruption and spinning turbines. However, the National Wind Coordinating Committee terminated that the impact on the wildlife from wind turbines are comparatively low and the problem will be solve as the technology continues to develop. Environment Implication Add a Footer 25

26. Advantages and Disadvantages 26 Wind energy does not produce and pollution . Tidal waves are renewable sources. The sources can be reused and re-generate. This reduces the cost of construction for wind turbine. Environmental friendly wind turbines do not put any harm or danger for the environment and it is safe to use. Longer life spans produce small amount of waste. Power can be generate everywhere at any time. As long as there is wind, power can be generated. Windmill generator does not emit any emission that can lead to acid rain or greenhouse effect. The area occupied by windmill units is very less although the height is more. Thus the land around it can be utilized for other purposes like agriculture or storage area. Increase in aerodynamic efficiency has saved the material requirement to a large extent. Also, it has reduced the unit size considerably. Recently, windmills using waste material have also been devised challenging the traditional wind turbine generator units and largely increasing the scope for innovation in design, materials, wind turbine generator capacity etc. Producing low coast unit energy for house hold . A dvantages Disadvantages Unpredictable electricity can be generating through wind turbines only when there is a lot of wind frequently. The price of wind turbines to be small in high. The financial incentive is heavy for both small and large wind turbine. Wildlife intimidation, wind turbines may causes harm to flying creatures as they may accidently fly into wind turbines. Unappealing and noisy. It is important to select the right wind turbines as wind turbines do create turbulent sound. As well as the look of wind energy which not so aesthetic. Generally the places where electricity is required are far from where it is generated. Thus transmission costs are ads up to the price of electricity. Maintenance cost of wind turbines is high as they have mechanical parts which undergo wear and tear the time .

27. Title: 27 References: 1. International Journal of Engineering Resource and Technology Wind energy explained by James Manwel , Jon Mc Gowan , Anthony Rogers. 2. T . Petru and T. Thiringer , “Modeling of wind turbines for power system studies,” IEEE 3. Transaction on Power Systems, Volume 17, Issue 4, Nov. 2002, PP. 1132-1139 4. “WECC Wind Power Planet Power Flow Modeling Guide,” Prepared by WECC wind Generator Modeling Group November 2007. 5. WWW . Popular machanics.com

28. Title: 28 References: 6 . Nordex wind turbines (online). Available: http://www . nordex.dk/ E-start.htm 7.S.K . Salman and A.L.J. Teo , “Improvement of fault clearing time of wind farm using reactive power compensation” in Proc. Porto Power Tech, Porto, Portugal, Sept.10-13,2001 8. E.N . Hinrinchsen and P.J. Nolan, “Dynamic stability of wind turbine generators,” IEEE trans. Power. Apparat. Syst. Vol PAS- 101, PP. 2640-2648 Aug 1982. 9. S.K . Salman and I.M. Rida , “Investigating the impact of embedded generation on relay settings of utilities electrical feeders,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery vol 16 PP 246-251, April 2001.

29. Title: Add a Footer 29 References: 10. V . Akhmatov , H. Khudsen and A.H. Nielsen, “Advanced simulation of windmill in the electric power supply,” Int. J.Elect . Power & Energy system, vol 22, no 6. Pp 421-434 Aug 2000. 11. Salman K. Salman and Anita L.J. Teo , “Modeling consideration and Factors Influencing the stability of a Grid- connected wind power. Based Embedded Generator,” IEEE Trans power , vol 18, No 2, May 2003. 12. http :// www.goodenergy . Co.Uk 13. Department of Renewable power and Energy, Washington .D.C, USA.

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