Wired_Communication_Channels and types of WC.pptx

notes of WC

1. Communication Channels: Wired Transmissions Telephone Lines, Leased Lines, Switched Lines, Coaxial Cables, Optical Fiber Your Name | Date

2. Agenda Introduction to Communication Channels Types of Wired Transmission Telephone Lines Leased Lines Switched Lines Coaxial Cables (Baseband & Broadband) Optical Fiber Transmission Comparative Analysis Applications & Future Trends Conclusion

3. Introduction to Communication Channels Definition of communication channel Wired vs Wireless channels Importance in data communication

4. Types of Wired Transmission Telephone lines Leased lines Switched lines Coaxial cables Optical fiber

5. Telephone Lines – Overview PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network Initially for voice, later for data Used in dial-up connections

6. Telephone Lines – Advantages & Disadvantages Advantages: Widely available, low cost Disadvantages: Low bandwidth, noise & interference Data rate: ~56 kbps (dial-up)

7. Leased Lines – Introduction Dedicated communication line between two points Fixed bandwidth, always active Used by organizations for secure data transfer

8. Leased Lines – Features Advantages: Reliability, constant bandwidth, security Disadvantages: High cost, limited flexibility Common speeds: 64 kbps to several Gbps

9. Switched Lines – Concept Shared line where connection is established on demand Circuit switching in telephone networks Used in early internet connections

10. Switched Lines – Characteristics Advantages: Cost-effective, flexible Disadvantages: Delay in connection setup, less secure Example: Dial-up networks

11. Coaxial Cable – Introduction Copper core, insulating layer, metallic shield, outer cover Used in cable TV, internet

12. Baseband Transmission in Coaxial Cable Digital signals transmitted directly One channel at a time Used in Ethernet (10Base5, 10Base2)

13. Broadband Transmission in Coaxial Cable Multiple channels using frequency division multiplexing Used in cable TV, broadband internet Higher efficiency than baseband

14. Advantages of Coaxial Cable Higher bandwidth than telephone lines Resistant to interference Supports analog and digital signals

15. Disadvantages of Coaxial Cable Bulky & expensive Installation complexity Limited distance compared to fiber

16. Optical Fiber – Introduction Transmission of light pulses through glass/plastic fiber Replaces copper due to high bandwidth and low loss

17. Types of Optical Fiber Single-mode fiber: Long-distance, higher speed Multi-mode fiber: Short-distance, cheaper

18. Working Principle of Optical Fiber Light transmission using total internal reflection Very low attenuation, high data rate

19. Advantages of Optical Fiber Extremely high bandwidth (Tbps range) Long-distance coverage Immune to electromagnetic interference Secure communication

20. Disadvantages of Optical Fiber Expensive installation Fragile compared to copper Specialized equipment needed

21. Wired Transmission – Comparative Analysis Telephone Lines: Low bandwidth, low cost Leased Lines: Reliable, costly Coaxial Cable: Medium bandwidth, moderate cost Optical Fiber: Very high bandwidth, long-distance, costly

22. Applications of Wired Channels Telephone lines → telephony, dial-up internet Leased lines → business WAN, banking networks Coaxial cables → TV broadcasting, broadband Optical fiber → high-speed internet, backbone networks

23. Future Trends Increasing use of optical fiber in 5G & IoT Hybrid networks: combining fiber, coaxial, and wireless Migration from copper to fiber

24. Summary Wired channels remain fundamental in communication networks Telephone, leased, switched lines → legacy but important Coaxial & fiber → modern data transmission backbone

25. Conclusion Wired communication evolved from telephone to fiber Optical fiber → backbone of future internet Wired + Wireless integration ensures seamless communication

26. References Forouzan: Data Communications & Networking Andrew Tanenbaum: Computer Networks IEEE Standards Documentation