WIRELESS LANS, DATA LINK LAYER SWITCHING.pptx

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1. WIRELESS LANS & DATA LINK LAYER SWITCHING Submitted By M Rushendra Sai Murali Krishna 238R1A6739

2. Titles and Content Layout with List Wireless LAN Features of WLAN Types of WLAN Images of WLAN Components of WLAN Data Link Layer Switching What is Data Link Layer Switching Bridges Switching Why Switching Concept is Required Advantages of Switching Disadvantages of Switching

3. Wireless LAN A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a type of network that connects devices without using wires or cables . Instead of physical connections, it uses radio waves to transmit and receive data. WLAN allows devices such as laptops, smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, and IoT gadgets to communicate with each other and access the internet wirelessly. Features of WLAN Wireless connectivity → no need for physical cables. Mobility → users can move freely within the coverage area. Scalability → easy to add more devices. Flexibility → supports multiple device types (laptops, mobiles, IoT). Security → supports encryption (WPA2, WPA3).

4. TYPES OF WLAN Infrastructure Mode All devices communicate through a central Access Point (AP) . Provides connectivity to a wired LAN and the Internet. Most common WLAN type used in homes, offices, and public hotspots. Ad-Hoc Mode Devices communicate directly with each other without an access point. Temporary and simple network setup. Used for quick file sharing or small peer-to-peer networks. Hybrid Mode Combination of Infrastructure and Ad-Hoc modes . Devices can communicate with each other directly and through an access point. Offers flexibility in network design.

5. IMAGES:- Infrastructure Mode Hybrid Mode Ad-Hoc Mode

6. Components Of WLAN 1 2 3 4 Access Point (AP) / Wi-Fi Router : Central device for wireless connectivity. Wireless Clients : Laptops, smartphones, tablets, IoT devices. Wireless Network Interface Cards (NICs) : Enable devices to connect. Authentication & Security Protocols : WPA, WPA2, WPA3 for secure communication.

7. What Is Data Link Layer Switching Network switching is the process of forwarding data frames or packets from one port to another leading to data transmission from source to destination. The second layer of the Open System Interconnections (OSI) model, known as the data link layer, is responsible for dividing the physical layer’s bitstream into data frames and transmitting those frames in accordance with switching requirements. Bridges are network devices that perform switching at the data link layer based on MAC Address. Bridges To create a larger local area network (LAN), a data link layer bridge joins several smaller LANs. Network bridging is the term used to describe this network aggregation process. The various parts are connected by a bridge, making them appear to be a single network.

8. Switching Switching is the process of transferring data between devices in a network. A switch is a hardware device that connects computers within a LAN. In the OSI model , switches work at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) . Switching is transparent to users and requires no extra configuration. Switches use MAC addresses to forward packets only to the intended device. They operate in full duplex mode , minimizing collisions. Since packets go only to the destination, bandwidth is used efficiently without broadcasting. Full Duplex Mode means data can be sent and received at the same time between two devices. Example: Like a telephone call , both people can talk and listen simultaneously. Opposite: In Half Duplex Mode (like a walkie-talkie), only one side can talk at a time while the other listens.

9. Why Switching Concept Is Required Disadvantages Of Switching Advantages Of Switching Bandwidth:  It is described as a cable’s maximum transfer rate. It is a valuable but pricey resource. As a result, switching techniques are used to efficiently utilise a network’s bandwidth. Collision:  When multiple devices transmit data over the same physical medium and collide with one another, the effect is called collision. Switching technology is used to prevent packet collisions in order to solve this problem. Advantages of Switches Increases Bandwidth of the network. Sends data only to the intended device , reducing unnecessary load on other PCs. Minimizes frame collisions by creating a separate collision domain for each connection. A Switch is more expensive than network bridges. A Switch cannot determine the network connectivity issues easily. Multicast packet handling requires proper switch design and configuration. Why Switching Its Advantages & Disadvantages

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