with good 426702985-Presentation-O-M.ppt

oky

1. Presentation
By
M.N. Thippeswamy
Chief Engineer (Retd.)
on
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
OF
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

2. •KeyissuesregardingwatersupplyscenarioaroundtheWorld
•DefinitionofOperationandMaintenance
•KeyissuesbeforethewaterauthoritiesforwatersupplyO&M
•ObjectivesofOperationalSystemandManagement
•O&MofWaterResourcesforqualityandquantity
•O&MofConveyancesystemofwaterresources
•O&MofWaterTreatmentPlant
•O&Mofservicereservoirsanddistributionpipeline
•O&Mofdrinkingwaterqualitymaintainingandsurveillance
•O&Mofbillingandcollection
•O&MofEnergyAudit
•WaterAuditandLeakageControl
•SystemManagement
•PublicPrivatePartnership(PPP/PSP)
STRUCTURE OF PRESENTATION

3. Highlight of global water scenario
•Waterisrenewablesourcebutatthesametimeitisafinitesource
•Onlylessthan1%ofthetotalwaterisintheformoffreshwaterresource
•Morethan1billionpeoplelackaccesstosafewater
•Globalpercapitawatersupplieshavedeclinedbyathirdoverthepast25years
•600millionliveincountriesfacingwaterstress(lessthen1700cumofwaterper
person)
•By2050theshareofworldpopulationfacingwaterstresscouldincreasefivefold
•Worldpopulationby2050willbe8.8billionasagainst6.1billionduring2001
•By2025nearly50%ofpopulationwillbelivinginurbanareas
•Themostofthedevelopingcountrieswatersupplyisintermittentandinadequate
qualityandquantity
•Unaccountablylargequantityofwatersuppliedareunaccounted(rangingfrom
30%to605ofvolume)
•Operatingcostareveryhigh
(forEnergy,Chemicals,manpower,Defectiveequipmentandsparepartsetc.)

4. Emerging water shortage
Water stressed country
Annual per capita availability of renewable fresh
water in a country or region falls below 1700
Cubic Meters.
Water starved country
Per capita availability falling below 1000 Cubic
Meters.
Absolute scarcity country
Per capita availability falling below 500 Cubic
Meters.

5. World Map showing Per Capita Availability

6. Declining availability of water per capita

7. TheobjectiveoftheOperationalorganizationwillbetoensurethe
provisionsofacontinuedandsatisfactoryservicetotheuserofthe
watersystemataminimumcost.Themanagementwillprovides
directionandcontrol;theoperatorswillberesponsibleforproduct
qualityandmatchingrateofworkingtorequirement;andthe
maintenanceworkerswillbeconcernedwiththereplacementof
wornordefectiveitems,soastoensurecontinuousserviceability.
Thesedutiesmaysometimeoverlapintheinterestofeconomy.
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER SUPPLY
SYSTEM

8. •LackofleadershipandpoorMIS
•Lackofoperationandmanagementtoolforprogrammingandperformance
•Lackofinformationtoguidetheformulationofoperationandmaintenance
plansandtoidentifystaffingprofilesandtrainingneeds(suchasbasic
manualsinventoriesofequipmentslayoutdrawingsofconstructionplace
andmapsshowinglocations)
•Lackofconservationofeffectivemaintenanceproceduretominimizebreak
downsandprolongoperationallifeoftheservice.
•Lackofeffectivepreventivemaintenanceprocedurestominimize
breakdownandtoprolongtheoperationallifeofservice
•Lackofconsiderationofoperationandmaintenancerequirementsduring
projectplanningdesignandConstruction(Trainingforoperationand
maintenancestaffequipmentforO&Msuchastools,transportandstores
–definitionandstandards
Which contribute for poor performance by water supply and
sanitation agencies
KEY ISSUES

9. •Managementshouldstateitsmaintenancepolicy,itsobjectiveandits
attitude.
•Responsibilityshouldbeclearlydependandvestedwithacompetent
persons
•Adequateequipmentandmaterialarescheduled,providedand
themselvesmaintenance
•Recordandreportfacilitatecontrol
CLASSESOFMAINTENANCE
•Operationalmaintenancecarriedoutonadaytodaybasis,suchas
cleaning,minoradjustmentandlubricating
•Correctiveorbreakdownmaintenanceafterfaultorbreakdown
•Planned/preventivemaintenance(Regularmaintenanceandparts
replacementinaccordancewithprogrammebasedoncalendartime
oroperatinghours).
Effective maintenance policy will be facilitated if
MAINTENANCE

10. TheObjectivesoftheOperationSystemsare
•Tosupplyplansanddesignsfortheconstructionworknecessaryforprovisionof
theagencyaservices,inlinewithtechnical,socialandfinancialrequirements
•Toensurethatconstructionworkcomplieswiththeplansanddesignsofthe
agencyandisappropriatetotheneedsofthecommunitywithregardtohealth,
quality,functioning,timingandcost.
•Toestablishstandardsforthedeliveryofservicesthataresatisfactoryinrespectof
quality,quantity,continuity,coverageandcost;
•Tomaintaintheinstallationsandequipmentinaconditionthatwillensurethey
canbeoperatedsatisfactorily,functionefficientlyandcontinuouslyandlastas
longaspossibleatlowestcost;
•Toproduceinformationonthewatersupplyandsanitationinstallationsandtheir
componentunits,withspecificreferencetotheirfunctioningandtheiradequacyto
meettheneedsofusers,thusenablingtheagencytoevaluatehowwellthe
installationsworkandhoweffectiveitsservicesare
OPERATION SYSTEM

12. TheSpecificObjectivesoftheSubsystemare
•Tooperatethefacilitiesandcarryouttheprocessnecessarytodeliver
drinkingwaterandsanitationserviceswiththegreatestefficiency,safety
andeconomy;
•Toensurethequalityofthewater(potability)andoftheservicesdelivered
(quantity,pressure,continuity);
•Toprotectpublichealthandtheenvironmentbymonitoringthequalityand
quantityofsewageeffluentdischarges;
•Tomonitorthewatersupplyandsanitationinstallationsingeneraland
theircomponentsinparticular,intermsofhowwelltheyfunctionandhow
welltheymeetrequirements,sothattheireffectivenesscanbeevaluated.
OPERATION SYSTEM

14. Incarryingoutpreventiveandcorrectivemaintenance,thesubsystem’s
activities–whethermanagerialoroperationalfulfillthefollowingtasks
•Actionsareperformedonthecomponentsandequipmentoftheagency’s
installationstoensuretheircosteffectiveoperation
•Maintenanceworkperformedontheinstallationsandequipmentis
monitoredforqualityandtimeliness
•Maintenanceiscontrolledandmonitoredinordertomeasurethe
performanceofequipmentandinstallations,estimatetheirusefullifeand
providefortheirreplacementwhenindicatedbycostbenefitstudiesorother
technicalconsiderations.
•Reliable,adequateandup-to-dateinformationiscollected,recordedand
processedfortheplanningandproperexecutionofpreventiveandcorrective
maintenanceactivities
OPERATION SYSTEM

17. Flow Sheet of
Measurement and
control of water
works facilities

18. a)Surface water and Ground water
a) Surface Water
a-1 Intake Structure and its maintenance
a-2 Water quality maintenance
a-3 Safety and O & M
b) Ground water
b-1 Conservation of ground water
b-2 Rehabilitation measures of tube well
b-3 Encrustation of Tube well pipe
b-4 Artificial recharge of ground water
Operation and Maintenance of Water Resources
River
Dam

19. a)Transmission of water through Channels / Pipeline
b)Channels
C-1 Flow measuring devices
C-2 Lining inspection
C-3 Seepage flow embankment
C-4 Weed removal
C-5 Cross drainage works inspection
D) Pipeline
D-1 Flow measuring devices
D-2 Leakages and air valves inspection
D-3 Normal operation and maintenance of the pipeline
D-4 Maintenance schedules and prevention maintenance
D-5 Flushing of pipeline.
D-6 O & M of telemetry and SCADA system
Operation and Maintenance of Water Resources

20. 300,000 m3/d Water treatment plant at T.K. Hally with
Pulsator Technology

21. RapidSandfilters
•Rawwaterqualitytesting
•Usingofchemicalcoagulantofoptimumdosage.
•Flashmixerfunctionsanditsoperationandmaintenance
•Clarifloculators/Sedimentationbasinfunctionforproperoperation
•Qualityofwaterleavingsettlingtanks/clarifloculators
•Preventivemaintenanceallmovingandoperationalpartsasper
designandmanualsupplied.
MAINTENANCE OF WATER TREATMENT PLANTS
1) Slow Sand Filter 2) Rapid sand filters 3) Pressure filters etc.,

22. FiltrationUnits
•VerificationofloadingratesRateofflowtofiltersandlossofhead
gauge
•Regularverificationoflossheadinthefilters,ifnoSCADAforback
washingoffilters
•MonitoringtheQualityofwaterreceivedfromfilters
•Monitoringfiltermediaandmedia’sifitisasinglemedia,dual
media,Multimediaregardingtheeffectivesizeandtheuniformityco-
efficientofthefiltermediarespectively.
Water treatment plants
MAINTENANCE
Slow Sand Filter Rapid sand filters Pressure filters etc.,

23. •Managementinformationsystemsofeachfilterswhenbackwashed
andtimeanddateandoperationmade.
•Preventivemaintenanceofallthemechanical,electricalequipments
•IfSCADAAutomationisinvolvedregularpreventivemaintenance
fromtheauthorisedcompanyforallthesparesreplacement
•Onlinemonitoringofalltheparametersateachstageofwater
treatmentplant.
Water treatment plants
MAINTENANCE
Slow Sand Filter Rapid sand filters Pressure filters etc.,

24. •ServiceReservoir
Maintaininglevelsinthereservoir
Samplingwaterquality,cleaningofreservoir
NormalO&MServicereservoir,checkingofconditionof
reservoiranditsAppurtenances
Maintenancerecordsoflevelsandotherdetails
Maintenanceoftheinletandoutletvalves
MaintenanceofBoosterchlorinatorswhereverinstalled
Maintenanceofcivilstructureofthereservoir
SERVICE RESERVOIRS AND DISTRIBUTION PIPELINE

27. Distribution System

28. •TestingwaterqualityasCPHEEOstandardsbothatheadworksand
alsoatconsumerpoint.
•Qualityofsampling,testing,establishingaveryhighstandardsat
numberofsamplingindistributionasperWHOnorms,fixinga
surveillanceagencyfortestingindependently.
•Sanitarysurveyanddeadendwaterqualitysampling.
•Analyzingofresults,interpretationofresultsandcommunicationto
inspectionzonalheads
•Assessmentofmicrobialwaterquality
DRINKING WATER QUALITY MAINTAINING AND
SURVEILLANCE

29. 300,000 m3/d Pump House at T.K. Hally
With Automation, SCADA and Telemetry

30. •Typesofflowmeterssuchas
DifferentialpressurelikeVenturimeters,Pitottube,Orificeflow
meters
Linearflowmetersliketurbinewheelflow,Vortexflowmeter,
magneticflowmeter,Ultrasonicflowmeters.
•WaterMeters
Installation,testingandcalibration,repairsandmaintenance,
automaticwatermeterreading,selectionofwatermeters.
•Instrumentation
Reservoirlevels,pressureinpipeline,flowmeasurements,other
electricalreadings
FLOW METERS, INSTRUMENTATION, TELEMENTARY
AND SCADA

31. •Onlinemeasurement
Residualchlorine,TurbiditypHetc.,
•AutomationandSCADA
Watertreatmentplantsmonitoringthroughcentralcontrolby
automationandSCADAatflowmeasurement,chemicalmixing,
backwashingoffilters,measuringkeyparametersateachstage
oftreatmentandalarmingsignalswheneverreachesbeyondset
limits,operationofmechanicalequipmentsetc.
FLOW METERS, INSTRUMENTATION, TELEMENTARY
AND SCADA

32. BILLING AND COLLECTION
RevenueManagement
TariffFixing
OperationalCost,EstablishmentCost,Depreciationcost,Debtservicingand
Assetreplacementfundetc.
Categoriesofconsumersforbilling
Domestic,NonDomestic,Industries,Defence/Railways,
BulkConsumerlikeMultistoriedbuildingetc
Methodsofwatercharges
Metered,Nonmetered
Generationofbills
Monthlyformeteredconsumers
Fixedchargesmaybequarterly/bimonthly
Collectionofwatercharges
Manuallythroughcounters
ThroughBanks
ThroughKIOSKS
Computerisedbillingadvantages
PreparationofDCBstatements

33. KIOSK MACHINE
Customer friendly initiatives

34. •StudyofpumpefficiencywithreferenceoriginalPump
dischargecurves
•Powerfactorverificationandimprovement
•Verifyingtransformersloading,relaysinannunciationpanels
ofhighefficiency
ENERGY AUDIT

35. PUMP EFFICIENCIES

36. Combined Efficiency Performance of PumpsStage I Stage II Stage III
Tataguni
Efficiency () 65 – 76% 74 – 78% 87– 89.5%
Dip compared with best efficiency 2 – 13% Upto 6% -
Dip compared with new pumps 7 – 18% Upto 11% -
Efficiency () 65 – 76% - 87 89%
Dip compared with best efficiency 2 – 13% -
Dip compared with new pumps 7 – 18% -
Efficiency () 54 – 60%72 – 78% 87 – 93%
Dip compared with best efficiency 18 – 24%Upto 6%
Dip compared with new pumps 23 – 29%Upto 11%
Source : Ibid
Harohally
T.K. Halli

37. AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF TERI RECOMMENDATIONSl. No. Particulars Stage - I Stage - II Total
1 Extra water (ML) annually (+) 3960 (+) 3805 (+) 7765
2 Energy savings annually3 : (-) 165.813 : (-) 192.283 : (-) 358.09
(lakh units) - base old system
3 Cost of energy saved at 3 : (-) 455.973 : (-) 528.773 : (-) 984.74
Rs.2.75 per unit (Rs. Lakh)

38. RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE FIRST ENERGY AUDIT
•ReplacementofStageIandIIpumpsto84.5%efficiencypumps
@Rs.1.5Million/pump.Itwasfeltthatrewindingofthe
pumpswouldnotbeveryeffectiveinincreasingtheir
efficiencies.
•StageIIIrequiresnoreplacementofpumps.
•Atotalof30pumps(includingthestandbypumps)tobe
replacedoveratwo-yearperiod.
•Otherrecommendationsforrenovation/modernizationlike
transformerloadmanagement,replacementofmechanical
meterswithelectronicmeters,installationofHTcapacitorbanks
andchangeinoperatingcharacteristics.

39. RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ENERGY AUDIT BY TERI IN 1997
Replacingallofthepumpsinthesystemwithmoremodernpumpsof
higherefficiency(pumpsefficiencywasincreasedfrom82%to88%).
Thenewpumpsarefittedwithlargerimpellers,sothatthedesignduty
canbeachievedwhenrunningatareducedfrequencyof48Hzinlieu
of50Hz(thepowersupplyfrequencydropsto48Hzapprox.85%of
thetime).WitheffectfromJanuary2003,thegridfrequencyis
beingmaintainedbetween49.5to50Hz.
Installationofcapacitorbankstoincreasethepowerfactortoa
minimumof0.9atallpumpingstationstogainsavingsinenergy
demandcosts.
Installationofautomatictransformertapchangingatallpumping
stationstoproduceaconstant6.6kVatthepumpmotors,eventhough
therecouldbeadropinthe66kVsupplyto60kV.

40. •Importanceofwaterauditstudy
•Whatisphysicallossandapparentlossinthesystem
•Varioustechnologiesavailableinidentificationof
hiddenlossinthesystem
•Economicsinreducingun-accountedwater
WATER AUDIT AND LEAKAGE CONTROL

41. on
Leak Detection
AND
Rectification Methods for UFW

46. •ManagementinformationSystem
Managementlevels:Senior,MiddleandOperationalManagement
•Managementindicators
PerformanceindicatorsandBenchmarking
SafetyandSecurityinmaintenanceofplantandaccessories
Disastermitigationmanagement,Droughtmitigationmanagement
•FinancialinformationSystem
SuchasdemandCollectionandBalance,budgetprocess,O&M
experiencesandsurplusdeficitetc.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

49. •ExaminevariousPSP/PPPoptionsinhierarchysuchas
ServiceContract
ManagementContract
Lease(affermage)
ConcessionContract
BOOT/BOT/ROTetc
Divestiture
•Advantagesanddisadvantagesineachcase
•Fewexamplesineachcase
•ManyproposalfailuresinIndiaandreason
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP / PSP)

50. BIBLOGRAPHY
•MaintenanceofCanals–CodeofpracticeIS4839ParasIandII,bureauof
IndianStandards.
•WaterSupplyEngineeringbyBabbitandDoland
•AmericanWaterworksAssociationPublications
•PredeterminingEffectiveDosageofCopperSulphateinAlgaeControl,
WilliamdMonie,WaterandSewageWorks
•AlgaeinWaterSupplies,C.M.Palmer,USPHSPublicationsproceedingof
WaterAsia
•OperationandControlofWaterTreatmentProcessbyCoxs
•O&Mofurbanwatersupplyandsanitationsystems–Aguideformanagers
WorldHealthOrganization,Geneva.
•LeakagecontrolsourcematerialforaTrainingpackage–WHO.
•O&MofUrbanwatersupplyandsanitationsystem–AguideforManagers–
WHO.

51. BIBLOGRAPHY
•MadrasMetropolitanwatersupplyandsewerageBoard-MadrasUnaccountedfor
waterproject-FinalreportonstudyofReductioninUnaccountedforwater–Tata
ConsultingEngineersJuly1991
•GuidelinesforDrinkingWaterQuality,SecondEditionVol.I,II,III,WHO,
Geneva1997.
•Manualonwatersupplyandtreatment,IIItreatment-CPHEEO
•DFIDGuidanceManualonwatersupplyandsanitationprogramme,publishedby
WEDC1998,
•WaterQualityandtreatmentahandbookofPublicWatersuppliedpreparedby
theAmericanwaterworksassociation
•SafetypracticesinwaterandsewageworksUniversityofMichiganO&Mof
DomesticandIndustrialwastewatersystems.
•UniversityofCaliforniaTrainingManual.
•RunningWaterintermediateTechnologypublications,1999.
•PumphandbookThirdeditioneditedby1.j.Karassik
•SafetypracticesinwaterandsewageworksUniversityofMichiganO&Mof
DomesticandIndustrialwastewatersystems.

52. BIBLOGRAPHY
•UniversityofCaliforniaTrainingManual.
•RunningWaterintermediateTechnologypublications,1999.
•PumphandbookThirdeditioneditedby1.j.Karassik
•StandardsforCentrifugalRotaryandReciprocatingPumps14
th
Edition
HydraulicInstitute,Chio,USA
•Centrifugalpumpsclinic1981,1.j.Karassik
•HandbookofChlorinationbyG.C.White
•SafehandlingofHazardousChemicalsbyA.K.Rohatgi
Catalogues
WallaceandTiernanr
Fischer&Porter
Metito
CandyFilters
TitanorComponentsLtd.,
BanacoChlorinators
J.K.Enterprises

53. THANK YOU