8 Introduction
ships addressed here arose, I have struggled to make a reasonable effort to
nuance my conclusions and to be frank about their limitations. Perhaps
the study will stimulate others, better situated, to try to do more.
Notes
ι. The major part of the writing of this study was completed while I was on
leave from Princeton University and a Fellow of the Annenberg Research Institute
for Judaic and Near Eastern Studies in Philadelphia, 1989-1990. I want to thank
the former Director of the Institute, Professor Bernard Lewis, the other Fellows,
and the learned and helpful staff, especially Dr. Vera Moreen, for making my ten-
ure at the Institute a thoroughly delightful as well as stimulating experience. I
would also like to thank my colleague, Robert Tignor. Small parts of the argument
in the book have been presented before learned audiences at the conference on
"Changing the Middle Ages: New Perspectives on Medieval Studies," Scripps Col-
lege (March 1991), before the Fellows of the Shelby Cullom Davis Center for His-
torical Studies, Princeton University (April 1991), at the annual meeting of Rutgers
and Princeton medievalists (October 1991), and at the conference, "The Middle
Ages: One or Many," State University of New York, Albany (April 1992).
2. For example, for medieval Europe, see Herlihy 1990, 1-8, 25—39, 52—5$.
Cf. the division of labor in the "informal sector" of the African economy; Nelson
1979,283-302.
3. Herlihy 1990,1-12, 28—29, 34-39, 76-89.
4. Herlihy 1990, 91—97.
5. Vanja 1986,147-59; Ennen 1985, 233-34.
6. Hafter 1985, 71-87.
7. Cf. Penn 1987,1-15; Vanja 1986,147—59.
8. Collins 1989,461-63.
9. Cf. Herlihy 1990,13-14,112—14.
10. The phrase is from Tawne/s "Introduction" to Thomas Wilson's Discourse
upon Usury ; Tawney 1925,121.
h. Herlihy 1990,154—80.
12. Mcintosh 1986,175.
13. See the cautionary remarks in Litde 1975,107-21.
14. See, for example, Jordan 1978,53-55.
15. Coles 1991,163—91.
16. See pp. 103-6.
17. See pp. 19, 98,111-12.
18. Lewis 1982,108-9.
19. For the usage, "megacities," see Buvinic and Yudelman 1989,11. See also
Youssef and Heder 1983, 237.
20. Gordon 1980-1981, 59—76, considers the effect of cyclic migration on
women in the recent history of Lesotho. See also, more generally, Youssef and
Heder 1983,237.