WOOD APPLE.pptx

wood apple

1. WOOD APPLE Presented By :- Braj Kishor

2. Botanical Name:- Feronia limonia Famil y: - Origin:- Rutaceae South India Chromosome No .:- 2n=18 Type of Fruit:- Edible Part:- Inflorescence:- A m p h i sarca Placenta Panicle In hindi, it is commonly known as Kaintha ( कैं था ). It may be called Elephant apple, Kath bel, and other dialectal ( ‘Kapittha’ in sanskrit) names in India. Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University, New Delhi called wood apple as a Wonder Drug because it has many medicinal properties i.e. anti-diabetic, anti- bacterial, Continue..

3. anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, muscle relaxant, anti-histaminic, wound healing, larvicidal and anti-tumour. The p u lp o f f r u i t h a s been u s ed traditionally in t he treatment of sterility and breast, uterine cancer . Ex t ract o f t h e bark is u s e d f o r t h e tr e at m ent o f a disease afra in cattle. Introduction Wood Apple is a thorny tree commonly found in dry deciduous forest and cultivated in many parts of India for its fruits. It possesses great tolerance to drought. Extensive root system and synchronization of its reproductive phase with high moisture availability make it suitable crop for arid zone.

4. Origin and distribution Wood apple is reported to be native of South India . The plants is seen to be distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world particularly in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia, Pakistan and Nepal. In India, it is cultivated in the states such as Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and certain regions of Western Himalayas. Maharashtra is the largest producer of wood apple in India.

5. Composition and uses Edible full ripe pulp contains, on an average of 69.5% moisture , 7.3% protein , 0.6% fat and 1.9% mineral matter . Fruit pulp contains TSS around 7%, total acidity 2-3% and pectin content 3-5% . The pulp is a rich source of riboflavin- 170 mg/ 100 g . Different processed foods like pickles-sour and sweet, refreshing drinks, chutney, paste etc. could be prepared from the pulp.

6. B o tany Wood apple is a monotypic species belongs to the family Rutaceae . It is a tree of 10-15m height and 0.8- 1.6m girth with deciduous nature having numerous branches. Leaflets opposite in 2-3 pairs and usually with a terminal one nearly sessile 2.5-3.8cm long . Stamens are 7-12 in number, filaments is very shorts while anther is very large; disc is finely wooly; ovary with n u m e r o u s ovules i n eac h cell , s t yle is very short and stigma is fusiform. Fig.- Tree of wood apple

7. Flowers are dull red usually unisexual, male and bisexual flowers are seen on the same inflorescence. Peduncle is slender and pubescent .Calyx is very small; petals ovate, acute, spreading and smooth. Fig.- Flower of Freronia limonia

8. The fruits obtained from the plants are edible and the pulp of the fruit is acid-sweet with coarse texture seediness and fibrous. Fig.- Fruit with yellowish pulp Fig.- Fibrous seed

9. Soil and Climate Wood apple is not exacting to its soil requirements .It can be grown on sandy and as well as on clayey soils . Wood apple, although a subtropical plants ,can be successfully grown in tropical region and it requires mean annual temperature of about 20- 29°C. Matures plants can tolerate low temperature 0- 15 C as well as high temperature 47.5 C .

10. V ari e ties There are no named or standard cultivars of this fruit. HB-10 released from Marthawada Agriculture University (MAU), Parbhani, Maharashtra having average weight of fruit 350g with weight of pulp 224g. Propagation Wood-apple is generally propagated by seed . Vegetative propagation by grafting and budding is possible in wood apple. Rainy reason is found to be the most favorable time for vegetative propagation. Budded plants are seen to be dwarf, precocious and prolific bearer.

11. Cult i va t ion Planting:- Organised cultivation in the form of wood- apple is not exist. However, to establish a wood-apple orchard or to make solo planting and it should be planted at a distance of 8 to 10 m each way . The pit of 1 m 3 should be dug before onset of monsoon and filled with top soil mixed with 10-15kg FYM . The best time for wood apple planting is July-August. The transplants are taken out along with whole root system in a ball of soil and are planted in the centre of the pit.

12. Training and pruning:- T re e s are a l low e d t o grow fr e e ly o n c en t ral l e a d er with well-spaced branches in all directions. Irrigation:- Wood apple is normally a crop of dry region and once the plant are established, they hardly need any irrigation. Irrigation for a few weeks at beginning during planting is essential. Neverthel e s s , co n s e r v a t ion o f run o f f ra i n wat e r i n r o ot zone will enhance the productivity of this crop.

13. Manuring and Fertilization:- No manuring schedule is followed for wood apple cultivation and there is no any experimental report to adopt to apply fertilizer. If manured at the rate of about 25kg FYM or compost per tree in the beginning of the monsoon. It will help in increasing fruit size and quality. Interculture:- Clean cultivation by weeding around the root zone and ploughing the entire orchard after rainy season or during autumn will minimize weed completion and conserve moisture.

14. Flowering, pollination and floral biology - Small flowers are borne on terminal or axillary panicle , mainly on new shoots. Eme r g es o f p a nicl e s co m m e n c e s i n the mi d dle of February and continue upto 3 rd week of May . Opening of the flowers start in the 2 nd week of March . The flowers are mainly staminate and hermaphrodite . Ovary, style and stigma are present in both hermaphrodite and staminate flower, but rudimentary in the later. Both perfect and staminate flowers have 10-12 stamens of equal size. The anthers are basifixed dehiscing through a slit between the two pollen sacs of each lobe. The fresh pollen grains are dark yellow.

15. Wood apple is highly cross pollinated crop , pollination is done by insect . No evidence of parthenocarpy was noticed . Harvesting and yield Ripe fruits are available from October to March. The period of flowering and fruiting is governed by climate and the period of moisture availability. The stage of harvest is determined by the purpose of using the fruits. For chutney, immature but fully developed fruits are preferred, however, for, squash and jelly , fully matured fruits are desirable. Proper care is required for harvesting of fruits. A minor crack on the rind can cause spoilage during storage.

16. At maturity the grip of the fruit stalk is loosened and the fruits are detached from the tree without any efforts which otherwise is difficult in unripe fruits. A vegetative propagated tree starts bearing at 3 rd year and takes 10 years for optimum production. The tree can produce 200-250 fruits per annum. Storage Wood apple fruits have a good post-harvest storage life because of its hard outer shell and it can withstand transport and marketing hazards.

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