Working & Application of Condensers | What are Condensers Presentation ppt| Applied thermodynamics by SANDEEP KUMAR

This is a Presentation ppt file on Condensers. What are Condensers and what are their working and applications? This file include all the information about the applications of condenser, where are they used and what are the different type & how they are classified?

Made by- Er. SANDEEP KUMAR

1. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 1

2. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 2 SANDEEP KUMAR B.TECH – MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
4 th SEM CLASS ROLL NO. - 20ME012 SUBJECT – APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS PRESENTATION ON TOPIC- WORKING & APPLICATION OF CONDENSERS SUBMITTED TO – Mr. DIVANSHU GUPTA

3. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 3 Intro
Condensers Construction & Principle of working Types of Condensers Application CONTENTS

4. CONDENSERS 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES

5. 5/30/2021 5 What are Condensers Condensers are a type of heat exchanger. It is a device which remove the heat from steam coming from turbine or compressor and converter steam into water.

6. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 6 Working principle of Condenser Basic working principle of a surface condenser is transfer of heat from a higher temperature body to a lower temperature body. In a surface condenser steam (high temperature body) liberates its heat to the cooling water tubes ( low temperature body). The process of heat transfer the hot steam gets converted to water. 

7. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 7 Types of Condensers Jet Condensers(Mixing type) Surface condensers(Non-mixing type)

8. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 8 Jet Condensers It is a mixing type condenser Exhaust steam is condensed mix up with cooling water High power is required for condensation. Design of jet condenser is simple After condensation, cooling water cannot be used to boiler as it is not free from salt and other impurities So good quality water is used in jet condenser for condensation.

9. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 9 Jet Condensers

10. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 10 Types of Jet Condensers Parallel flow Condenser

11. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 11 Parallel flow Condenser Named as parallel flow because steam coming from top of shell moving downward and also cold water sprayed inside moves in same direction parallel to steam Consist of Condenser shell- Outer casing in which steam and cold water gets mixed. Water sprayer- Sprays the cold water inside the shell. Perforated tray-It convert the water in number of jets. Air suction pump- Used to extract exess air from shell & maintains the vaccume. Condensate extraction pump-Transfer condensate from shell to hot well. Reservoir of hot water- Work as sump, placed between condenser & boiler. Boiler feed pump- Present b/w hot well & boiler, transfer feed water to boiler.

12. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 12 As you see in the diagram, exhaust steam, and cooling water enter the top of the parallel jet condenser and mix up together in the condenser shell. This mixture is removed from the bottom of the condenser. Actually, in the condenser, exhausted steam is condensed after mix up with water. The condensate cooling water and air flow's direction is downwards of the condenser and it is separated by two individual pumps which are air pump and condensate pump. A single way air pump is sometimes used for this separation. At the time of separation, a vacuum is created in the condenser chamber. Condensate extraction pump delivers the condensate to the hot well where an overflow pipe is connected to the cooling water tank where surplus water of hot well is stored. Parallel flow Condenser Working

13. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 13 2. Counterr flow condenser

14. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 14 Counter flow Condenser Named as counter flow because steam comes from bottom or middle of shell moving upward & cold water sprayed inside from top, both moves opposite to each-other( they counter each- other). The components of Counter flow condensers are same as Parallel flow but there is a little change in their construction & position. In counter flow condensers the hot steam comes inside the condenser shell from bottom or middle of shell & cold water is sprayed from top of shell. Air pump is situated on the top of shell as shoen in fig.

15. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 15 In counterflow or low-level jet condenser, exhaust steam enters lower side and cooling water comes upper-side of the condenser chamber, see in the diagram.The direction of exhaust steam is upper-side and cooling water is downwards.Air pump has created a vacuum and it is placed at the top of the condenser shell.The vacuum draws the supply of the cooling water which falls a large number of jets.A perforated conical plate stores this falling water, from which it escapes in second series of jets and meets the exhaust steam entering at the bottom.Condensate and cooling water released for this rapid condensation to discharge the hot well through a vertical pipe by condensate pump. Counter flow Condenser Working

16. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 16 Advantages Of Jet Condenser:- 1. Designn of the jet condenser is simple. 2. Less floor area is required as compared to the other condenser. 3. Price is cheap of this condenser. Disadvantages Of Jet Condenser:- Vacuum efficiency is low. 2. Pure condensation is not possible.So it can't be reused. Advantages & Disadvantages of Jet condensers

17. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 17 Surface Condenser Working principle of surface condenser is different from jet condenser. In it exhaust steam and cooling water does not mix up. So condensate remains pure and can be reused in the boiler. Used where limited water is availables i.e ship etc. To use such a condenser, limited water feed to boiler again and again.

18. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 18 Surface Condenser

19. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 19 Surface Condenser Construction & working In the diagram we can see the cylindrical shape surface condenser which is made off cast iron. In the condenser, some vessel packed with water tubes. Two vertical perforated tubes are placed two sides of the condenser and water tubes are fixed with these plates. In the tube, water flows from one direction to another direction. Cooling water flows in one direction to through the lower half of the tubes and returns in opposite direction through the upper half of the tubes.

20. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 20 Construction & working It consists of a huge shell in which there is a water Box in which there are a number of tubes through which cold water is circulated. Cold water enters from bottom & via tubes it exits through outlet at top of shell. There is an inlet at top of shell through which steam enters the shell, while cold water is flowing in tubes, steam passes through tubes where condensation takes place & it gets converted into condensate and it exits through a opening in bottom. Air suction pump is present at bottom to extract air.

21. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 21 According to the direction of flow and arrangement of tubing system surface condenser can be classified in following categories . Downflow surface condenser 2. Centralflow surface condenser 3. Regenerative surface condenser 4. Evaporative surface condenser

22. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 22 In downflow surface condenser, exhaust steam enters the top of the condenser. Steam's direction is downside of the condenser due to gravitational force and an extraction suction pump fitted at the bottom of the condenser. The condensate is collected at the bottom and then pumped by the extraction pump. A dry air pump suction pipe is also fitted at the bottom. It is covered by a baffte to prevent the entry of condensed steam into it. Downflow surface condenser

23. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 23 Central flow surface condenser is an improvement of downflow surface condenser. In this condenser, exhaust steam enters at the top of the condenser and flow downwards due to gravitational force. But suction pipe of the extraction pump is placed at the center of this condenser. So the steam flows radially inwards over the tubes towards the suction pipe. The condensate is collected at the bottom and pumped by the extraction pump. Centralflow surface condenser

24. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 24 In regenerative surface condenser, regenerative method is used for condensation. The condensate after leaving the tubes is passed through the exhaust steam from the engine. It improves its temperature for use as feed water for the bottom. Regenerative surface condenser

25. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 25 Evaporative surface condenserIn evaporative surface condenser, a circulated gilled pipes are placed inside of the condenser. Now the steam enters at the top of the pipe for condensation. When steam passes through the circulating pipe, cold water is continuously spray over the pipe. As a result of this, steam is condensed into the pipe and some steam is evaporated into the condenser. Remaining water which is now higher temperature stored in the downside collecting tank.Some requisite quantity of cold water is mixed with this water for reuse. Evaporative surface condenser

26. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 26 Advantages Of Surface Condenser:- Pure condensation is possible by the surface condenser. 2. Low quality cooling water can be used for condensation. 3. High vacuum eficiency. Disadvantages Of Surface Condenser:- Large floor area is required. 2. Large amount of water is required. 3. Construction is not simple. 4. It's need to be operate by the skilled labour. 5. Maintenance cost is high. Advantages & Disadvantages of surface condensers

27. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 27 Applications of condenser Condenser are widely used in many industries, almost in all the industries. Some major application of them are given below- Condensers are used in Refrigerator & refrigerant industries. Used in A.C industries & in various AC’s like split AC, Window AC etc. Used in vehicles to cool down engines. Used in ships. Used in chemical industries to keep the chemicals at particular temperature. Used in Oil industries & hydraulic industries. Used in Air dryers. In electronics industries & in heavy electronic machines. Used in boilers & power plants.

28. 5/30/2021 PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES 28 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condenser_(heat_transfer) https://m.indiamart.com/proddetail/steam-condenser-16797895812.html https://www.watco-group.co/surface-condenser-in-thermal-power-plant/https://learnmechanical.com/surface-condenser/ https://www.fossilconsulting.com/2020/10/14/the-abcs-of-accs-and-zld-air-cooled-condensers-have-an-important-role-in-zero-liquid-discharge-installations/ https://spgdrycooling.com/news/how-does-an-air-cooled-condenser-work/ https://www.linquip.com/blog/water-cooled-condensers-facts/?amp=1 http://www.bdicooling.com/water-cooled-condensers https://spgdrycooling.com/news/how-does-an-air-cooled-condenser-work/ https://www.nortekair.com/innovation/evaporative-condensing/ https://www.mechanicaltutorial.com/jet-condenser-different-types-of-jet-condenser References

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