World bank

introduction about world bank and it background in nepal

1. WORLD BANK Presented by; Anju sapkota Bph 4 th year

2. Introduction The world bank is an internationally supported bank that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development programs with the stated goal of reducing poverty. “ We are not a bank in the ordinary sense but a unique partnership to reduce poverty and support development”. The World Bank (WB ) provides low-interest loans, interest-free credit and grants to developing countries

3. Conti.. These loans are for education, health, infrastructure, communications and many other purposes. Unlike other financial institutions, WB does not operate for profit. The World Bank Group (WBG) is a family of five international organizations that make leveraged loans to developing countries. World Bank generally refers to just the IBRD and IDA, whereas the term World Bank Group or WBG is used to refer to all five institutions collectively

4. Conti.. President :- Jim Yong Kim served as the 12th President from 2012-2019 Kim was named the world's 50th most powerful person by  Forbes Magazine's List of The World's Most Powerful People  in 2013 On January 7, 2019, he announced that he would be stepping down from his current role as President, effective February 1, 2019 .

5. Conti.. Kristalina Georgieva 2019-present Interim President of the World Bank Group and Chief Executive Officer of the World Bank

6. Conti.. Established :- July 1,1944 Headquarters :- Washington, DC Membership :- 189 countries (including Nepal Sep 6, 1961 ) offices in over 130 locations (world)

7. Structure T he World Bank is made up of 189  member countries . These member countries, or shareholders are represented by a  Board of Governors , who are the ultimate policymakers at the World Bank . Generally, the governors are member countries' ministers of finance or ministers of development They meet once a year at the  Annual Meetings  of the Boards of Governors of the World Bank Group and the  International Monetary Fund

8. Institutions of the World Bank Group Five Institutions, One Group The World Bank Group consists of five organizations: 1. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( IBRD ) IBRD provides loans and advice to middle-income and credit-worthy poor countries 2. The International Development Association (IDA) provides interest-free loans — called credits — and grants to governments of the poorest countries. Together , IBRD and IDA make up the World Bank, which provides financing, policy advice, and technical assistance to governments of developing countries

9. 3. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) 4. The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA ) 5.The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID ) IFC , MIGA, and ICSID focus on strengthening the private sector in developing countries. Through these institutions, the World Bank Group provides financing, technical assistance, political risk insurance, and settlement of disputes to private enterprises, including financial institutions . sister organization of the World Bank and member of the World Bank Group

10. Boards of Directors  T he World Bank Group Boards of Directors refers to four separate Boards of Directors, namely;   International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD ) ,   International Development Agency (IDA ) ,   International Finance Corporation (IFC)   Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) .  Each Board is responsible for the general operations of their respective organization

11. Middle Income Countries (MICs)  lower middle-income economies - those with a GNI per capita between $1,006 and $ 3,955 upper middle-income economies -  those with a GNI per capita between $3,956 and $ 12,235 Lower income countries (LICs ) have a per capita income less than US $ 1,045 per year

12. Climbing Higher: Toward a Middle-Income Nepal However, without comprehensive reforms to address its long-standing challenges, the report finds that Nepal will probably not become a lower-middle-income country before 2030.

13. HISTORY Conceived in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Monetary Conference in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire the World Bank’s initial aim was to help rebuild European countries devastated by World War II. Its first loan was to France in 1947 for post-war reconstruction. In the 1950s and 60s, the funding of large infrastructure projects, such as dams, electrical grids, irrigation systems, and roads was the Bank’s primary focus . In the 1970s, the Bank shifted its attention to poverty eradication.  In the 1980s, the Bank continued to enlarge its focus on issues of social development

14.   GOALS The World Bank Group has set  goals for the world to achieve by 2030: End extreme poverty by decreasing the percentage of people living on less than $1.90 a day to no more than 3%

15. Areas of operation Agriculture and Food  Climate Change  Disaster Risk Management Education  Energy Environment Extractive Industries  Financial Inclusion  Financial Sector  Forests  Fragility, Conflict, and Violence Gender  Governance

16. Health  Inequality and Shared Prosperity  Infrastructure & Public-Private Partnerships  Jobs & Development  Macroeconomics and Fiscal Management  Nutrition  Poverty  Regional Integration  Social Development  Social Protection Trade  Transport  Urban Development  Water  Sanitation Water in Agriculture Water Resources Management

17. Health The World Bank Group is committed to helping governments achieve universal health coverage (UHC) by 2030, which has the potential to transform the health and well-being of individuals and societies .

18. Strategy The Bank provides financing and policy advice to improve service delivery and expand access to quality, affordable health care.  During the period from fiscal year 2000 to 2016, the World Bank invested US$35 billion in the Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) related areas.  The Bank currently manages an active HNP portfolio of US$14.5 billion in net commitments, and over US$1 billion in trust funds.

19.  The WBG has focused its health sector investments and research in areas that are especially vital to helping countries achieve UHC by 2030 working closely with donors, development partners, governments, and the private sector

20. FOCUS AREA Ending preventable maternal and child mortality Reducing stunting and improved nutrition for infants and children Strengthening health systems and health financing Ensuring pandemic preparedness and response; Promoting sexual and reproductive health and rights The prevention and treatment of communicable diseases. 

21. Result During fiscal years 2011 to 2017, 602 million people received essential health services through the World Bank’s IDA funds

22. HEALTH RELATED PROJECT IN NEPAL

23. Nepal country director:- Mr . Kenichi Ohashi The World Bank Yak & Yeti Hotel Complex Durbar Marg Kathmandu, Nepal ( postal address: P.O. Box 798) Tel : [phone] Fax: [phone] E-mail: [email protected] Web: http:// www.worldbank.org/np

24. Project Title Project ID Commitment Amount * Status Approval Date Food and Nutrition Security Enhancement Project P164319 22.7 Active September 25, 2018 Nepal Health Sector Management Reform Program P160207 150.0 Active January 13, 2017 Nepal: Community Action for Nutrition Project ( Sunaula Hazar Din) P125359 40.0 Closed June 26, 2012 Nepal: Second HNP and HIV/AIDS Project P117417 129.15 Closed April 20, 2010

25. * For active and closed projects, the commitment amount at Board approval is shown in US$ millions.

26. Ne pal: Community Action for Nutrition Project ( Sunaula Hazar Din ) Team Leader Manav Bhattarai Borrower*** GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL Implementing Agency Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development;Ministry of Finance; Total Project Cost** US$ 40.00  million Commitment Amount US$ 40.00  million ** Total project cost includes funding from World Bank and non-bank sources in US$ millions

27. SAP Structural adjustment programme are economic policies for developing countries that have been promoted by world bank and International monitory fund (IMF). SAPs generally implement " free market " programmes and policy SAPs were developed in the early 1980s

28. Components of SAP Sharp cut in public spending (health education communication) Lifting the price on staple food. Freezing of wages Production of food for export Liberalization of trade policies Efforts to attract foreign investors by tax breaks Privatization of public services

29. critisism It was started to reduce poverty but it support United States’ business interests. The President of the Bank is always a citizen of the United States .

30. Thank you