World Tidal Energy Resource and Potential

Tidal Energy, Introduction, Worldwide Potential and resources,advantages and disadvantages....

1. Overview of the Tidal Energy and underwater turbine design Group Members: Abdul Jalal Hasas Atiqullah Sami ul Haq Aqa shair Fazal Rahim Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department

2. Overview: Introduction World wide Potential & Sources State of the Earth Projects Barriers 80Kw underwater turbine design Conclusion Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department

3. Introduction: TIDAL ENERGY IS A FORM OF HYDROPOWER THAT CONVERTS THE ENERGY OF TIDES INTO USEFUL FORMS OF POWER. Tid al energy is a renewable energy source derived from the rise and fall of sea levels (tides). It is caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun on Earth’s oceans. Tidal energy = clean, strong, and reliable Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department

4. Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department Earliest Tidal Research (~350 BC) 🔹 Aristotle (Ancient Greece) First person to write about tides. Studied the strong tidal currents in the Euripus Strait. Tried to explain why sea levels rise and fall — this was the earliest tidal research in history.

5. Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department 🔹 Pytheas of Massalia (Ancient Greece) Greek explorer and scientist. Traveled to the Atlantic Ocean and Britain. Recorded how tides change with the moon — an important discovery for that time.

6. High potential areas include: Northwest Europe (UK, France) Northeast Canada (Bay of Fundy) North and West Australia South Korea and China coastlines Alaska and Pacific Northwest (USA) Total Worldwide Estimates Theoretical potential: ~1 TW (1,000 GW) Technically extractable (realistic): ≈ 100–120 GW Currently installed worldwide (2024): ≈ 0.5 GW Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department Global Distribution of Tidal Energy:

7. The red areas on the map show where tidal energy is strongest. These places have fast tidal currents and large tidal ranges. Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department

8. Around the world, the ocean has about one thousand gigawatts of tidal power, but right now we can use only about one hundred. The best places for tidal energy are Canada, the UK, France, South Korea, and China. Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department

9. Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department Global tidal energy resources: Europe: can produce at least 12 GW from tidal energy. Tidal current projects (up to 2020) around 200 MW planned. Installed in 2014: only 6 MW (5 MW in the UK). To produce energy, water current speed must be at least 1.5–2 m/s. Tidal energy is very predictable because tides follow natural cycles. It can work day and night and is less affected by weather than wind or solar.

10. Kinetic Energy from Tidal Currents: Flowing water during flood and ebb tides creates kinetic energy Power formula: Why It’s Powerful Water = 800× denser than air Produces much more energy than wind for the same speed   Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department

11. Continue Introduction: Demand of electricity is increasing and global warming also threaten human life. It’s time to move away from fossil fuel and other source. The tides contain energy that can be harnessed to produce electricity. Two types of tidal energy can be extracted. Kinetic energy can be harnessed from the ebbing and surging tides. Potential energy can be harnessed from differences in the high and low tides. Using tidal currents remains the primary method of generating electricity. Tidal power has huge potential due to the size of the oceans and predictability of the tides. Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department

12. HOW the tides come and go ? The gravitational force of the moon causes the oceans to bulge along an axis pointing directly at the moon. The magnitude of this attraction depends on its distance away . Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department

13. Spring Tides: When the sun and moon are in a line their gravitational attraction on the earth combine and cause a “spring” tides. Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department

14. Neap Tides: When they are as positioned in 90° from each other, their gravitational attraction each pulls water in different directions, causing a “neap” tides. Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department

15. Energy from the moon: Tides generated by the combination of the moon and sun’s gravitational forces. Spring Tides: Occur when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are aligned (new and full moon) – highest tides. Neap Tides: Occur when the Sun and Moon are at right angles – lower tidal ranges. for energy production, the height difference needs to be at least 5 meters. Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department

16. ELECTRICITY GENERATION THROUGH TIDAL ENERGY: Two types of tidal plant facilities. Tidal barrages Tidal currents turbine Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department

17. TIDAL BARRAGES: Utilize potential energy. Tidal barrages are typically dams built across an bay. Consist of turbines, sluicegates, and Ship locks . Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department

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20. TIDAL CURRENT TURBINES Make use of kinetic energy of moving water to power turbines, in a similar way to wind turbines that use wind to power turbines. Operate during Flood and Ebb tides. Consists of a rotor, gearbox, and a generator. These three parts are mounted onto a support structure. There are three main types structure: Gravity structure Piled Structure Floating structure Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department TIDAL CURRENT TURBINES

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23. Pros and Cons of both tidal power facilities: Tidal Barrages Mature technology that has been around for nearly 50years. Reliable energy source. BUT High costs of construction Environmental on marine life Low power output in. comparison to other energy source like coal and nuclear power plants. Tidal Current Turbine Able to utilize both Ebb and Flood tides. Tidal current turbines are not large massive dam structure. BUT Tidal current turbine technology is young in its development. Installation and maintenance challenges. Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department

24. MAJOR TIDAL PLANTS IN THE WORLD: Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department

25. Advantages of Tidal Energy: Once you've built it, tidal power is free. It produces no green-house gases or other waste. It needs no fuel. Not expensive to maintain. Permits the simultaneous use of the dam for a road or rail road. Provides a non-polluting and inexhaustible supply of energy. Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department

26. Disadvantages of Tidal Energy: Building of barrage is expensive Needs a wide area Few suitable sites available Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department

27. CONCLUSION: Tidal power is a proven technology and has the potential to generate significant amounts of electricity at certain sites around the world. Although, our entire electricity needs could never be met by tidal power alone, it can be invaluable source of renewable energy. Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department

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32. Thank You Kabul University Engineering Faculty Electrical & Electronics Department