zinc air batteries.pptx

Zinc Air-battery

1. Zinc-air batteries Zinc-air batteries and Zinc-air Fuel Cells are metal air batteries which are powered by oxidizing Zinc with oxygen from the air. Zinc-air batteries have high energy density Zinc air batteries range from Button Cell, Film Cameras, Electric Vehicle Propulsion

2. ZINC AIR BATTERIES

3. CONSTRUCTION & WORKING PRIMARY (NON-RECHARGEABLE) Button cell type and 1Ah type SECONDARY (RECHARGEABLE)

4. WORKING In Zinc-air battery the Oxygen from the air reacts at the  cathode  and forms  hydroxyl  ions which migrate into the zinc paste and form  zincate  (Zn(OH) 2− 4 ), releasing electrons to travel to the cathode. The zincate decays into  zinc oxide  and water returns to the electrolyte. The water and hydroxyl from the  anode  are recycled at the cathode, so the water is not consumed. The reactions produce a theoretical 1.65  volts , but this is reduced to 1.35–1.4 V in available cells.

5. REACTIONS SIZE – AAA CAPACITY – 3600 mAh VOLT – 1.3 V WEIGHT – 11.7 Gms Sp. ENERGY – 400 mW /gm SHELF LIFE- 3 Years

6. ADVANTAGES

7. DISADVANTAGES

8. Aluminium Air Battery Aluminium–air batteries  (Al–air batteries) produce electricity from the reaction of  oxygen  in the  air  with  aluminium . In an aluminum air battery , aluminum is used as an anode, and air (the oxygen in the air) is used as cathode. This results in the energy density – i.e. energy produced per unit weight of the battery – very high compared to other conventional batteries. They have one of the highest  energy densities  of all batteries, but they are not widely used because of problems with high anode cost and byproduct removal when using traditional electrolytes. This has restricted their use to mainly military applications. However, an  electric vehicle  with aluminium batteries has the potential for up to eight times the range of a  lithium-ion battery  with a significantly lower total weight.

9. Drawbacks Once the aluminium anode is consumed by its reaction with atmospheric oxygen at a cathode immersed in a water-based electrolyte to form hydrated  aluminium oxide , the battery will no longer produce electricity. However, it is possible to mechanically recharge the battery with new aluminium anodes made from recycling the hydrated aluminium oxide. Such recycling would be essential if aluminium –air batteries were to be widely adopted.

10. Reactions

11. Activity Read the given text and summarise in 150 words https://www.electrical4u.com/aluminum-air-battery/

12. Sodium-ion batteries The  sodium-ion battery  ( NIB  or  SIB ) is a type of  rechargeable battery  analogous to the  lithium-ion battery  but using  sodium   ions  (Na + ) as the  charge  carriers. Its  working principle  and  cell construction  are almost identical with those of commercially widespread lithium-ion battery types, but sodium compounds are used instead of lithium compounds. the low cost of Sodium compared to Lithium is a promising factor to consider Sodium as the alternate future battery technology . the environmental impacts of SIBs are low more feasible for stationary energy storage systems

13. Challenges in use of sodium ion batteries SIBs are heavier than LIBs No  electric vehicles  use sodium-ion batteries. Challenges to adoption include low  energy density  and a limited number of  charge-discharge cycles

14. Principle of operation Sodium-ion battery cells consist of a cathode based on a sodium containing material, an anode (not necessarily a sodium-based material) and a liquid  electrolyte  containing dissociated sodium salts. During charging, sodium ions are extracted from the cathode and inserted into the anode while the electrons travel through the external circuit; During discharging, the reverse process occurs where the sodium ions are extracted from the anode and re-inserted in the cathode with the electrons travelling through the external circuit doing useful work. ANODE- Hard Carbon CATHODE_ cathodes based on sodium transition metal oxides  ELECTROLYTE- sodium hexafluorophosphate