1 anatomy of femal reproductive system.pdf

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1. Anatomy of the Female
Reproductive System
(1)
prof. NivenBasyouni

2. Anatomy of female reproductive system
consists of:
Bony pelvis soft tissue

3. Soft tissue consists of:
•External female genital organs {The Vulva}.
•Internal female genital organs.

4. ??????External Genitalia (Vulva)
•??????The external female genitalia are
collectively called the vulva. Main parts
include:
•Mons Pubis
–Fatty tissue over the pubic bone, covered with
pubic hair.
–Protects underlying bones and tissues.
LECTURE 1 +2

5. ??????External Genitalia (Vulva)
(cont.)
•Labia Majora & Labia Minora
–Folds of skin surrounding the vaginal
opening.
–Labia majoraare the outer, hair-covered
folds.
–Labia minoraare thinner, inner folds,
protecting the vaginal and urethral
openings.
LECTURE 1 +2

6. ??????External Genitalia (Vulva)
(cont.)
•Clitoris
–Small, sensitive organ involved in sexual arousal.
–Contains erectile tissue.
•Vestibule
–Area between labia minora.
–Contains the openings of the urethra and vagina.
•Bartholin's Glands
–Located near the vaginal opening.
–Secrete mucus for lubrication.
LECTURE 1 +2

7. LECTURE 1 +2

8. INTERNAL GENITALIA
The internal genitalia consists of the:
•Vagina
•Cervix
•Uterus
•Fallopian Tubes
•Ovaries

10. VAGINA
•Muscular canal (approx. 7–10 cm long).
•The vagina connects the cervix to the external genitals
•It is located between the bladder and rectum
•It functions :
-As a passageway for the menstrual flow
-For uterine secretions to pass down through the introitus
-As the birth canal during labor
•Opening may be covered by a thin sheath called the
hymen

11. PERINEUM
•The muscle and tissue located between the
vaginal opening and anal canal
•It supports and surrounds the lower parts of
the urinary system
•The perinium contains an abundance of
nerve endings that make it sensitive

12. CERVIX
•The cervix connects the uterus to the vagina
•The cervical opening to the vagina is small
•This acts as a safety precaution against
foreign bodies entering the uterus
•During childbirth, the cervix dilates to
accommodate the passage of the fetus
•This dilation is a sign that labor has begun

13. UTERUS
•Commonly referred to as the womb
•A pear shaped organ
•The powerful muscles of the uterus expand
to accommodate a growing fetus and push it
through the birth canal

14. UTERUS
Layers of the Uterine Wall
•Outer layer = the Serosa or perimetrium
•Middle layer = the muscularis or myometrium.
•The Inner layer = the mucosa of the endometrium.

15. UTERUS
Functionof uterus:
shelter the fetus during pregnancy. It prepares
for this possibility each month and following pregnancy
it expels the uterine contents.
Location:
situated in the true pelvis , between the bladder and
rectum.( In pelvic cavity)

16. FALLOPIAN TUBES
•Serve as a pathway for the ovum to the uterus
•Are the site of fertilization by the male sperm
•Often referred to as the oviducts or uterine
tubes
•Fertilized egg takes approximately 6 to 10 days
to travel through the fallopian tube to implant
in the uterine lining

17. LECTURE 1 +2

18. FALLOPIAN TUBES
Functions:
1-Receives the spermatozoa as they travel upwards
2-Ovum transport and pick up.
3-provides a site for fertilization.
4-Embryo transport and nourishment.

19. OVARIES
1. The ovaries: (female gonads) comparable to the testes in the
male & similar to almonds in size & shape.
Location: Are located on either side of the uterus ,below and
behind the fimbriated ends of the ova ducts.
Functions: The ovaries produce ova (ovulation) and the
hormones estrogen, progesterone.

20. OVARIES
•The female glands
•They develop and expel an ovum each month
•A woman is born with approximately 400,000 immature
eggs called follicles
•During a lifetime a woman release about 400 to 500 fully
matured eggs for fertilization
•The follicles in the ovaries produce the female sex
hormones, progesterone and estrogen
•These hormones prepare the uterus for implantation of the
fertilized egg

21. BREASTS
Breasts may exhibit cyclical changes, including
increased swelling and tenderness prior to
menstruation

22. Structure of bony pelvis
LECTURE 1 +2

23. LECTURE 1 +2

24. LECTURE 1 +2

25. Female bony pelvis
•False pelvis
lies above the linea
terminalis (pelvic
brim)
has no obstetrical
significance.
•True pelvis
Lies below linea terminalis
(pelvic brim)
has important role in child
birth
It has inlet, cavity & outlet

26. True pelvis
•Pelvic inlet (superior strait)
Boundaries: a. rami of Pubic bone, symphysis pubis,
sacral promontory and linea terminalis
Diameters:
1.anteroposterior diameter
obstetrical conjugate:
shortest distance between the promontory and
symphysis pubis normally measures 10cm or more.
2.The transverse diameter
greatest distance between linea terminalis on either
side usually 13.5 cm.

28. 3 -at the level of
ischial spines:
(STATION)
usually ~10cm.
Smallest
diameter of
the pelvis

29. •Pelvic outlet
-Boundaries: the area under the pubic arch, the tip of
the sacrum, and ischial tuberosities.
-Diameters
1.Anteroposterior diameter(9.5 to 11.5cm.)
from the lower margins of the symphesis pubis to the
tip of the sacrum
2. The transverse diameter (11cm)
the distance between the inner edges of the ischial
tuberositis.

31. Pelvic shapes

32. Gynaecoid pelvis:
1.It is the commonest type (50%)
2.Inlet is slightly oval or round (TD
<APD)
3.Sacrum is wide with average
concavity
4.ischial spines not prominent
5.wide pubic arch

33. Android pelvis :
1.Inlet is triangular or heart-shaped
with anterior narrow apex.
2.Side walls are converging (funnel
pelvis) with projecting ischial spines.
3.Subpubic angle is narrow <90o.
4.The extreme android pelvis have
poor prognosis for vaginal delivery.

34. LECTURE 1 +2