Bharat Scouts and Guides Dwitiya Sopan.pptx

Dwitiya Sopan detailed presentation

1. The Bharat Scouts and Guides Dwitiya Sopan

2. 1. PIONEERING :- A.) Demonstrate timber hitch, rolling hitch, marline spike hitch / lever hitch and figure of eight knot and their use. B.) Tie the following lashing and know their use  :-  Square and figure of eight. C.) Demonstrate the uses of hand axe or chopper and know the safety rules and how to keep them sharp. D.) Demonstrate the use safety and sharpening of a dagger or a pen knife and the use of a screw diver , pliers and hammers .

3. 2. FIRE :- A.) Know different type of fire used in camping/outing. B.) Lay and light a wood fire in the open with not more than two match stick. 3. COOKING :- A.) Know the working and maintenance of a kerosene , pressure stove and gas stove. B.) Cook in the open two simple dishes enough for two person and make tea / coffee . C.) Know the safety precautions in cas of a gas leak.

4. 4. COMPASS AND MAP :- A.) Know the sixteen points of compass. B.) Be able to find north by at least two constellation . C.) Using a compass know how to find the bearing various objects from your position. D.) Follow and trail laid out using compass bearing and distance. E.) Know the terms : scale, Direction, Conventional sign, contours and grid reference. F.) Be able to use a tourist map.

5. What is a Compass? What is its uses? Compass is used to know the direction you are heading and from where you have come. As long as you know how to properly operate a compass, you should never get lost in the wilderness. If you plan on doing some exploring while you are on your camping trip, it is wise to bring a compass with you. It is quite easy to get lost in the woods, especially if it is a heavily wooded area full of thick trees. However, when you have a compass, you will know exactly which way to travel in order to get back to your campsite.

6. A.) Know the sixteen points of compass . DEMONSTRATE PRACTICAL USE OF COMPASS AND KNOW THE 16 POINTS: The points of the compass, specifically on the compass rose, mark divisions of a compass; such divisions may be referred to as "winds" or "directions".

7. Types of Compass: Ordinary Compass Silva Compass – Used along with map. Pristmatic Compass Accurate compass costly 1 2 3

8. 16 Points Name Cardinal points (4) Sub cardinal points (4) Three Letter points (8) Cardinal points (4) North South East West

9. 2. Sub cardinal points (4) North East South East North West South West

10. 3. Three Letter Points (8) North North East East North East East South East South South East South South West West South West West North West North North West

11. 16 Points Bearing (Degrees) Cardinal points - Bearing North – 0 o / 360 o South – 90 o East – 180 o West – 270 o

12. North East – 45 o South East – 135 o North West – 225 o South West – 315 o 2. Sub cardinal points - Bearing

13. 3. Three Letter Points - Bearing North North East – 22.5 o East North East – 67.5 o East South East – 112.5 o South South East – 157.5 o South South West – 202.5 o West South West – 247.5 o West North West – 292.5 o North North West -337.5 o

14. Finding the North with the help of two Constellations: It will be fun for the Scouts/ Guides when they find the north direction with the help of constellations during nights. There are countless stars and constellation in the universe. They are visible during the night with clear sky. Some of the constellations are well visible and easy to identify on the sky.

15. Star gazing is a very interesting subject. Look at the sky at night and identify the following constellations: Ursa Major or Great Bear or Saptarishi Mandal Orion or The Hunter

16. Ursa Major or Great Bear or Saptarishi Mandal Ursa Major, also known as the Great Bear, is the third-largest constellation in the sky and the largest constellation in the Northern Hemisphere. It has seven stars in the shape of plough or saucepan.

17. Step 1: Locate the Big Dipper - ( Ursa Major) The first step is to find the constellation of Ursa Major, commonly known as the Big Dipper. It is perhaps the most easily recognizable constellation in the night sky, and looks like a large spoon .

18. It is composed of seven bright stars - three in the handle and four in the head of the spoon. Step 2: Trace a Line to the North Star. Next, imagine the line connecting the two front stars of the Big Dipper, which is in red . If you continue this line off to the upper right, the first bright star you come to is Polaris, the North Star.

19. Step 3: Checking That It Really Is the North Star: Polaris or Pole star is a part of the Little Dipper or Ursa Minor itself, which makes it easy to check if you're looking at the right star. Like the Big Dipper, the Little Dipper ( Ursa Minor) is composed of seven stars, three in the handle and four in the head of the spoon (marked in red). The Little Dipper floats above its bigger brother, and is angled as if it were pouring water into the larger spoon. Polaris is the last star in the handle of the Little Dipper. If you can recognize and identify the relationships between these 14 stars, you will always be able to find the North Star. It helps that they are some of the brightest stars in the night sky.

20. Ursa Major Ursa Minor

21. 2. Orion or The Hunter This constellation has the shape of a man like a hunter beating / hunting an animal. It has 13 stars in total. Three stars in head, three stars in the belt, three in the sword. And four bright stars right round giving the shape of shoulder and legs. Joining the center star of belt to the middle star of head extending towards north the line will reach the Pole star.

22. 2. Orion or The Hunter This constellation has the shape of a man like a hunter beating / hunting an animal. It has 13 stars in total. Three stars in head, three stars in the belt, three in the sword. And four bright stars right round giving the shape of shoulder and legs. Joining the center star of belt to the middle star of head extending towards north the line will reach the Pole star.

23. N Head Shoulders Belt Knees Thiruvathirai Orion

24. C. Using a compass know how to find the bearing of various objects from your position. Bearing: (From observer to object) Bearing is an angle between the north and the object by clockwise direction from the observer’s point. It is also called forward bearing.

25. Back Bearing: (From object to observer) Back bearing is an angle of an observer’s position from the object position from north in the clockwise direction.

26. Forward bearing and back bearing are always with the distance of 180 o . Back Bearing formula: 1. If forward bearing is below 180 o Back bearing = forward bearing + 180 o eg :- Bearing = 60 o Back bearing = 60 o + 180 o = 240 o 2. If forward bearing is above 180 o Back bearing = bearing -180 o eg :- Bearing = 200 o Back bearing = 200 o - 180 o =20 o

27. D. Follow a trail laid out using compass bearing and distances:

28. E. Know the terms: Scale, Direction, Conventional signs, Contours & Grid References. Without knowing mapping, a boy only a half boy scout. What is a map? A map is a pictorial representation of earth’s surface as looked from above, on a flat surface drawn to scale.

29. Real pictures – 3D – length, height, width Map – 2D – length, height Types of Maps: (Based on its uses) Political Map Physical Map Topographic Map Climate Map Economic / Resource Map Road Map

30. According to scale Map is divided into four types: Large Scale Maps – 1:25000 Medium Scale Maps – 1:25000 – 1:250000 Small Scale Maps – 1:250000 – 1:2500000 Very Small Scale Maps – Smaller than 1:2500000 Atlas – very small scale- details will be less Large scale – Topographic maps (to get to know more details) Scouts & Guides should know to use toposheets .

31. Uses of Map: To find one’s own position on the earth. To find direction of an object. To locate the position of the natural feature of the ground. To prepare plan of the journey. To locate the places of Tourists interests. To find out weather conditions, population density, vegetation, etc. To know distance between two places.

32. 8. To mark as area for tax purpose. 9. It is used as a visual aid. Map Reading: The technique of interpreting a map is known as map-reading. A Topographical map can have the following scales: 1:50000 1:25000 1:12000 These all are large scale maps.

33. There are 5D maps and 3D maps 5D Maps- 5 different details. Direction Distance Designation Demarcation Details 3D Maps – 3 details Direction Distance Details

34. Direction: (Top will be always north) Own position Direction of any places Bearing of any places Other position and direction Calculate the magnetic deviation To find out direction, along with maps, compass will be used. Very useful compass Silva Compass.

35. 2. Distance: Calculate the distance between the two places in the map, by using the scale of the map. 3. Designation: Names of the places in the map, villages, towns, mountains, forests, rivers, lakes, roads, boundaries, etc. 4. Demarcation: Boundary lines of district, state, national, international.

36. 5. Details or Legends of a map.

37. Survey Map of India: Survey Map of India is the only Govt. Agency printing the maps. Its headquarter is in Dehradun, Uttarakhand and it is having branches in most of the capitals of states and in some important places. Every Map is printed with different kinds of particulars. These particulars are classified and noted in the same place of the map.

38. Name of the Dist. Year of the survey Name of the state Publication of the map Average Grid North Magnetic Deviation Map Reference Map Number Conventional Sign Code of the Sheet Name of the chief surveyor Code of administration First Edition – Date of Reprinting Addition of some particulars Grid Reference NB: Descriptions as mentioned above may differ from map to map.

39. Scale: A map is a representation of any part of earth on a flat piece of paper and bears a certain proportion to area represented. The ratio between the area on the ground and the area represented on the paper is called scale.

40. Conventional Signs: On the surface of the ground there are mountains, rivers, seas, forests etc., which are natural features and also there are things like buildings, roads, railway lines, dams, etc. made by man. These are represented on the maps by means of symbols, and are called Conventional Signs . These are usually shown in colours but are not drawn to scale.

41. Colour denotes: Blue   Water features   River, tank, sea etc.   Brown Mountain features Up land, low land, valley Red Buildings, bridges, Roads, footpath etc. Yellow The cultivation Area Green Vegetation, forests Gardens, etc. Violet Grid lines Black The names of the places, railway lines, etc.

42. Contour Line: A contour is an imaginary line joining the places of equal vertical height above the mean sea level. These are drawn at regular intervals. These are drawn in brown colour . These are always labeled with numerical figures showing the heights above the sea level. Every fifth contour line is thicker and bears the height.

43. The interval between two succession contour lines is called “Vertical Interval (V.I)” or contour interval generally in our Topographical maps it is 50 feet. The horizontal distance between two adjacent contour lines is known as “ Horizontal Equivalent (H.E)” The (H.E) is not constant and varies with the steepness of the slope.

44. The ratio between the V.I. and HE is expressed is a fraction and is the gradient of the slope (V.I) feet H.E in yards.

45. f

46. Grid System: The entire area of a nation is divided into big square with a side of 500 km. These are further divided into 25 squares with a size of 100 km and named A, B, C, D, …. These small squares are further divided into 100 small squares are printed in thick line and divided into 100 small squares with a side of 10 km.

47. Finally they are divided into 100 squares (Kilometer sides). All grid lines are number according to their distance east and north of a fixed of origin. From contours the following information can be read: The height of the ground above mean sea level The shape of the ground The slope of the ground

48. Latitude and Longitude : Latitudes and longitudes are the lines by which we can locate places on world maps. Latitude: Latitude is the distance North to South of the equator. This distance is measured in degree from 0 to 90 North to South. Longitude: Longitude is the measure of distance East to West of a line called the Prime Meridian, which runs upon the North pole to the South pole through Greenwhich .

49. Longitude Latitude

50. Grid Line : The vertical and horizontal lines which divide the map into number of squares, are called grid lines.

51. Easting Line : The vertical lines are called Easting. The number increases from West to East.

52. Northing Line: The horizontal lines are Northing. The number increases from South to North.

53. Grid Reference :

54. g

55. 5. FIRST AID :- A.) Have a knowledge about wound and know how to deal with bleeding, burns, scalds, sprains, stings and bites. B.) Demonstrate the use of roller bandage. C.) Demonstrate the use of triangular bandage for the head , hand, knee, foot, ankle, and fracture of arm. D.) Improvise a stretcher.

56. A.) Knowledge of wound. Types of wounds: Incised (Clean cut) Lacerated (torn) Punctured (stab)

57. 3. Three Letter Points (8)

58. Patrol Flag: You can’t very well imagine a real Scout Patrol without a flag of its own-one that follows the gang wherever it goes.