P#5 Range Improvement .pptxffevvreeeegfgdd

P#5 Range Improvement .pptxffevvreeeegfgdd

1. Range Improvement Planning By Dr. Muhammad Rehan

2. Introduction Range Improvement  refers to special treatments, developments, and structures applied to  improve range forage resources . To  enhance forage quality and availability  and  facilitate efficient grazing  by livestock. Includes  management, engineering, and biological practices  for better use of rangelands.

3. Objectives To understand how range improvement increases productivity. To design a simple  range improvement plan  for a local grazing area. To evaluate methods for  erosion control, forage enhancement, and animal management . To promote  sustainable use of range resources

4. Benefits of Range Improvement Increases  forage quality and carrying capacity . Prolongs the grazing season  and improves animal health. Facilitates  handling of range animals . Keeps animals  away from poisonous plants . Reduces  fire hazards  through prescribed burning. Increases  water yield  in watershed areas. Helps  control erosion . Reduces  conflicts between multiple land uses

5. Guidelines for Selecting Range Improvements Use  proven methods , except for small-scale trials. Ensure compatibility with  objectives and environment . Consider  availability of labor, equipment, and technical assistance . Evaluate  cost–benefit ratio  before implementation. Apply improvements at  appropriate stages of range degradation . Focus on  areas with greatest potential  for increased productivity. Include  practical livestock handling facilities  that benefit both land and animals.

6. Range Improvement Practices (I) Watering Facilities:  Develop and distribute watering points. Salting:  Provide salt uniformly across grazing areas. Herding:  Move livestock to less-preferred areas to balance grazing. Fencing:  Divide large areas into smaller paddocks for rotational grazing. Trail Construction:  Create safe paths for livestock movement.

7. Range Improvement Practices (II) Range Burning:  Controlled burning to remove dense shrubs and promote new grass growth. Range Reseeding:  Plant desirable forage species to restore degraded areas. Range Fertilization:  Apply nutrients to improve soil fertility and forage yield. Specified Grazing Systems:  Use planned rotational or deferred grazing schedules.

8. Sources of Improvement (I) Herding and proper grazing management Introduction of  indigenous and exotic forage species Range reseeding Fertilization Introduction of  winter forage species Planting of  fodder trees and shrubs

9. Sources of Improvement (II) Water development and spreading Fencing and boundary management Development of  communication and storage facilities Soil conservation  and erosion control Sand dune stabilization Salting point development Range fertilization  for long-term soil health

10. Simulation Activity – Planning Task Students will: Select a sample rangeland area (real or hypothetical). Identify problems (erosion, poor forage, overgrazing). Propose range improvement techniques based on problem. Draw a  range improvement layout map  (fencing, water points, trails). Present their  plan and expected outcomes  in groups.

11. Expected Learning Outcomes After the simulation, students will be able to: Identify and describe  range improvement techniques . Develop a  practical plan  for improving degraded rangelands. Understand how to  balance animal needs with vegetation recovery . Promote  sustainable range resource management  in real-life scenarios.