Prof Satyadas Memorial oration Kozhikode.pptx

Healthy Lungs for life

1. Healthy lungs for life P S Shajahan MD,M p hil

2. NIL Disclosures Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

3. Breathing is so natural For the most part, we don't need to think about it. Often we take our lungs for granted. However lungs deserve more attention and care because every cell of our body counts on them for the oxygen they supply. It is high time to prioritize our lung health. Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

4. Breathing life into our lungs Our lung function diminishes with age. Lung function is best at around 25 , may be stable for a decade or so and then begin to decline slowly. But it's still possible to keep our lungs working at an optimal level even at nineties Not ageing but our DEEDS often accelerate the decline. Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial Oration, 25-10-2025

5. Why lung health should be a priority ? Estimated deaths per year in the world Latest Global Burden of Disease Study — published by the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) in 2024 Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial Oration, 25-10-2025

6. Healthy Lungs for Life - the campaign for life It is a global campaign jointly run by the European Lung Foundation and the European Respiratory Society aim to reduce the suffering from lung conditions by raising awareness and knowledge of ways to prevent lung damage. The five components Stopping Smoking (#Be Smoke Free) Physical Activity (#Take The Active Option) Air Quality (#Breathe Clean Air) Vaccination (#Vaccinate) Fight climate change Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

7. Don't Smoke – be smoke free Smoking cessation is important. More importantly prevention of initiation of Tobacco use Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

8. Second and Third hand SMOKE It is important to avoid smokers, too! We often do not care, but a reality : If we can smell the smoke, then the chemicals are getting into our body! Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

9. Health Effects of Smoking Heart disease Lung disease – COPD, asthma Cancer Lung , ENT, pancreas Cervix, colorectal, Skin Vascular disease - impotence Stroke Cataracts Gum disease Dementia Early menopause Osteoporosis Wound healing Anxiety Hearing loss Rheumatoid arthritis Macular degeneration Tooth decay Depression Multiple sclerosis Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

10. Say no to tobacco Smoking cessation represents the single most important step that smokers can take to enhance the length and quality of their lives. As high as 70% of smokers want to quit. About 5% can quit by non pharmacological measures alone. Most require multi disciplinary approach including drugs and behavioral therapy. And most need many tries - as many as 8 to 10 before they succeed. Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

11. Say not only to tobacco smoke but to E cigarettes, heat not burn and smokeless tobacco products too Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

12. Exercise Lungs at rest and during most daily activities are only at 50 percent of their capacity Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

13. Exercise and lung health Dyspnoea and reduced exercise capacity have been shown to be independent predictors of mortality in an otherwise healthy, elderly population. Among patients referred for stress testing, a primary symptom of dyspnoea had significantly higher all cause mortality compared with a primary symptom of chest pain . The risk of mortality increases with higher levels of exercise-induced dyspnoea when assessing elderly subjects (> 65 years) Argulian E, Agarwal V, Bangalore S, Chatterjee S, Makani H, Rozanski A,et al. Meta-analysis of prognostic implications of dyspnea versus chest pain in patients referred for stress testing. Am J Cardiol . 2014;113(3):559-64. Berraho M, Nejjari C, El Rhazi K, Tessier JF, Dartigues JF, Barberger -Gateau P, et al. Dyspnea : a strong independent factor for long-term mortality in the elderly. J Nutr Health Aging. 2013;17(10):908-12. Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

14. Exercise means !!!!! In order to stay healthy, one should do 30 minutes of moderate exercise five days per week. For a healthy person, moderate exercise might be walking at a pace of 4 to 6 km per hour - walk fast enough to make them moderately breathless (of course as per medical advice only ). One may walk ,run, swim or dance as they prefer But beware of the ‘new-gen’ over exercises. https://breathe.ersjournals.com/content/12/1/97 https://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/protecting-your-lungs/exercise-and-lung-health.html Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

15. Effect of exercise on lung function Exercise produces broncho dilatation, without a significant increase in airway resistance and the work of breathing. In healthy individuals and patients with asthma, drug induced broncho constriction is reversed by exercise. Regular exercise increases the strength and function of respiratory muscles, making them more efficient. They require less oxygen to move and they will produce less carbon dioxide. Exercise will also improve overall physical and psychological well being. Snyder EM, Beck KC, Dietz NM, et al. Influence of beta2-adrenergic receptor genotype on airway function during exercise in healthy adults. Chest 2006;129:762–70. , Freedman S, Lane R, Gillett MK, et al. Abolition of methacholine induced bronchoconstriction by the hyperventilation of exercise or volition. Thorax 1988;43:631–6 . Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

16. Exercise benefits ↓ Shortness of breath Risk factors of heart disease Blood pressure Side effects of medicine (steroids) Depression Blood sugar levels ↑ Energy level Endurance (Cardiopulmonary) Muscle strength Bone density Ability to fight infection Ability to relax Restful sleep Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

17. Air pollution Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

18. The burden Air pollution account for more than 7 million pre mature deaths annually, projected to cause more than 7.5million pre mature deaths by 2040. 1.6 million premature deaths per year in India is linked to air pollution. Air inside the residence is also not safe. 1.6 million premature deaths annually due to indoor air pollution. Traffic related air pollution greatly contributes to the overall impact of outdoor air pollution. Global warming largely an effect of air pollution and are responsible for numerous adverse health effects. Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

19. Sources of outdoor air pollution Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

20. Avoid exposure to indoor pollutants Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

21. Adverse health effects of air pollution Overall mortality Respiratory effects Cardiovascular effects Cancers Neuro behavioural problems Hormonal and reproductive effects Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

22. Who all are at risk ? The very young are at risk Lungs are not fully developed Faster breathing rate: more air volume/body weight The very old are at risk Undiagnosed lung or heart diseases Pollution can exacerbate these conditions Persons with chronic illnesses: Respiratory,circulatory , or cardiac diseases Vulnerable groups – pregnancy , lactation Yes, EVERYONE! WE ALL Even healthy persons can be affected when they exercise outdoors, or if the concentration of pollutants is very high Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

23. How do we know if Air Quality is poor? How healthy is the air we breathe? Air quality index (AQI ) is an overall scheme that transforms individual air pollutant levels into a single number, which is a simple and lucid description of air quality. In India AQI is computed based on the concentration of (PM 10 ,PM 2.5 ,NO 2 ,SO 2 ,CO,O 3 ,NH 3 and Pb). https://app.cpcbccr.com/AQI_India/ The higher the AQI, greater the air pollution and health concerns https://cpcb.nic.in/National-Air-Quality-Index/ Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

24. The Indian Scenario… A serious public health issue with the major sources Fuel wood and biomass burning. Fuel adulteration, Vehicle emission and Traffic congestion Crop residue burning in agriculture fields - is a major source of smoke, smog and particulate pollution. India has a low per capita emissions of greenhouse gases but as a whole we are the third largest after China and the US. We adopted emission standard of Bharat Stage IV equivalent to Euro IV in 2005. Jumping to BS VI bypassing BS V from April 1 ,2020 onwards. But the older vehicles without any emission norms are still on our roads. No wonder our air quality is far below the desired level. Jain et al., Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 14: 422–430, 2014 https://www.wri.org/insights/charts-explain-per-capita-greenhouse-gas-emissions Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

25. Solution to the Pollution Puzzle Protect the forest cover and create green belt in populated cities and townships. Industrial areas should be located far from the residential areas. Adequate ventilation for houses and office buildings. Reduce the use of dung, wood, crop waste and coal for basic energy needs. Reducing the vehicle load. Improving public conveyance system Restrictions on private vehicle use. Alternative fuel / hybrid cars/Low sulfur fuel. Facilities to have continuous ambient air quality stations in cities and industrial areas. Exposure to air pollutants is largely beyond the control of individuals and requires action by public authorities at the regional, national, and international levels. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ambient-%28outdoor%29-air-quality-and-health Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

26. Preventing Infection hygiene ,vaccination Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

27. Hand washing Some viruses and bacteria can live from 20 minutes to two hours or more on surfaces like mobile phones, cafeteria tables, door knobs, and desks. Washing hands often can remove many of these pathogens. Washing hands often, especially after sneezing, coughing, or blowing nose, helps to protect person and others from diseases. Never touch mouth, nose, or eyes without washing hands. Hand washing is a survival skill https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/17474-hand-washing Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

28. Cough etiquette Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

29. Timely medical attention- immunise Adult vaccinations too are important considering the changing demographic pattern of the country. Getting the recommended vaccinations - influenza , pnemococcal , Tdap, Shingles, RSV as per national / international guidelines. Governments / policy makers should consider this as health priority.- A universal adult immunization programme is the need of the hour Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

30. Climate Change Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

31. Nutrition and lung health Anorexic and bulimic individuals may develop emphysema without any known risk factors for the disease.. Postmortem studies of patients who died in the Warsaw Ghetto during World War II suggested that death from starvation was associated with pulmonary emphysema Harvey O. Coxson et al American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol170. pp. 748-752, (2004) Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

32. Over nutrition- Over weight Extra weight increases workload of heart and lungs . Excess fat in abdominal area makes it difficult for the lungs to expand fully Obesity takes up breathing space ! Under nutrition -Under weight Less muscle mass Decreased exercise tolerance Increased fatigue Compromised immunity Nutrition and lung health Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

33. Nutrition and lungs Diet and nutrition may be important modifiable risk factors for the development, progression and management of obstructive lung diseases. The dietary patterns associated with benefits in respiratory diseases include high fruit and vegetable intake, Mediterranean style diet, fish and omega-3 intake, while fast food intake and westernised dietary patterns have adverse associations. Nutrition and Respiratory Health—Feature Review, Bronwyn S. Berthon and Lisa G. Wood Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Level 2, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

34. Education empowers .... Where are we ? Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

35. Fish therapy for asthma !!!!!!! Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

36. Education matters Education empowers………… Use every occasion/ situation to highlight lung health Filling the knowledge gap is important Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

37. The COVID pandemic changed everything in our lives . A small bug could stop/ alter all our routines in a big way. It taught us to realise and understand that all are important but no one is indispensable – It made us to think alternate ways to survive. It taught us the importance of hygiene. It taught us that there is an organ called lungs which is essential for life And obviously it taught us the importance of lung health Covid taught us a lot… Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

38. Media Print Visual Social Public health awareness camps, seminars…… Educate the masses public, policy makers , school children, parents, teachers… Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

39. to conclude The idea Healthy lungs for life is not an isolated approach but a holistic concept. It is a way of living to be followed to achieve the goal. Educating the public especially the young with inclusion of positive health in the curriculum, Empowering the citizens, Behavioral modification of population , Legal regulations all can help. Our attitude and approach towards health need to be changed. Optimism is good, but not optimism bias. It is never too early or too late to address lung health. Let us pledge to perpetuate, promote , protect lung health – that means protecting general health of the body. Let us be the guardians of lung , Let us be the guardians of life. It is high time to start preventive clinics in each and every speciality like positive pulmonology , positive cardiology and so on.Let KGMCTA be the torch bearer in that direction. Prof. J S Satyadas Memorial KGMCTA Oration, 25-10-2025

40. Thank you all If not us ; who will ?