01 CBSE_Class10th_Biology_Life Processes[Nutrition].pptx

Class-10th Biology PPT- Life Process

1. By-Faculty name Subject Name - Biology PPT No.- 01/04 BATCH CODE – TYPE HERE Chapter Name – Life Processes[Nutrition] Class – 10 th

2. PPT CONTENT Sr. No. TOPICS 1. Introduction 2. Metabolism and Their Types 3. Nutrition 4. Mode of Nutrition 5. Nutrition in Plants 6. Nutrition in Animals 7. Nutrition in Human Beings

3. Topic : Introduction Respiration Nutrition Transportation Excretion Reproduction Metabolism

4. Topic : Metabolism and Their Types Metabolism is term that is used to describe all chemical reactions involved in maintaining the living state of the cells and the organism. METABOLISM CATABOLISM ANABOLISM Breakdown of molecules to obtain energy. Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones.

5. Topic : Our Environment Topic : Nutrition Nutrition is the process of intake of nutrients (like Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Minerals, Vitamins and Water) by an organism as well as the utilisation of these nutrients by the organism.

6. Topic : Our Environment Types of Nutrition Autotrophic Photo Autotrophic Chemo Autotrophic Heterotrophic Holozoic Saprophytic Parasitic Symbiotic Topic : Mode of Nutrition

7. Topic : AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION Food is prepared from carbon dioxide, water and sunlight. Food is obtained from other organisms. Chlorophyll is required. Chlorophyll is not required. Examples-All green plants and some bacteria. Examples-All Animals, Fungi. Differences b/w Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Nutrition-

8. Parasites. Decomposers. Autotrophs . Heterotrophs . A B C D #Q. Organisms capable of synthesizing their own food are called: [Mizoram/NTSE Stage-1/Nutrition/2013] Topic : Nutrition

9. Topic : Nutrition in Plants Autotrophic Nutrition 1. Phototrophic Nutrition: Presence of Chlorophyll Ex. Green Plants 2. Chemotrophic Nutrition: Chemical energy is used. ‘Lacks Chlorophyll’ Ex. Sulphur Bacteria, Nitrosomonas bacteria

10. Topic : Nutrition in Plants Plants- Producers PHOTOSYNTHESIS - 6CO 2 + 12H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 + 6H 2 O Sunlight Chlorophyll

11. Raw Materials : 1. Carbon dioxide : Through stomata. 2. Photosynthetic Pigment : Chlorophyll - Absorbs light energy (Chlorophyll a and b) 3. Sunlight : Natural light source (VIBGYOR) (390- 780 nm) - Max Photosynthesis- Red region - Min Photosynthesis- green region 4. Water : Absorbed from roots by osmosis.  

12. Topic : Our Environment SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHLOROPLAST (Kitchen of the cell in green leaves) Present in mesophyll cells as green dots.

13. Topic : Our Environment Double membranous structure. Two regions: 1. STROMA : Non- pigmented part. Grana remains embedded in it. Also contains different enzymes, circular DNA, ribosome. FUNCTION : Site of dark reaction.

14. Topic : Our Environment 2. GRANA: Contains stack of closed compartments called thylakoids. Chlorophyll pigment is present in thylakoids. FUNCTION: Site of light reaction. Functional unit of Chloroplast- GRANA

15. Topic : Our Environment ( i ) Absorption of light energy through chlorophyll. (ii) Conversion of light energy into chemical energy and splitting of water molecules into H 2 and O 2 . (iii) Reduction of CO 2 into carbohydrates. Topic : Mechanism of Photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 12H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  + 6H 2 O Chlorophyll Light Reduction/dark reaction Oxidation/light reaction

16. Topic : Our Environment Topic : Mechanism of Photosynthesis

17. LIGHT REACTION: Discovered by Robert Hill so known as Hill’s Reaction Photochemical process. SITE: Grana (Thylakoid) RAW MATERIAL: light, water PRODUCTS: O2, ATP, NADPH2

18. STEPS: Photoexcitation of chlorophyll molecule Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight in the form of photons and get excited and emits electron. Photolysis of water Photo-oxidation of water O 2 released as by product 2H 2 O 4H + + 4e  + O 2 Mn ++ /CI 

19. H + ion used to reduce NADP molecule into NADPH2. NADP+ 2H +  -----> NADPH2 Photo-phosphorylation The formation of ATP in the presence of light. ADP + iP ----------> ATP

20. DARK REACTION U: Thermochemical R eaction Discovered by Melvin Calvin and Benson so known as Calvin- Benson Reaction. SITE: Stroma RAW MATERIAL: CO 2 , ATP, NADPH2, enzymes. PRODUCT: Carbohydrates

21. STEPS: CO 2 is accepted by RUBP. Synthesis of carbohydrates CO 2 ------------Carbohydrates RUBP resynthesize

22. Storage of Protein- Aleuroplast Storage of Oil- Elioplast Storage of Starch- Amyloplast Topic : REMEMBER

23. Stomata: These are tiny pores guarded by two bean or kidney shaped guard cells. ROLE OF STOMATA: 1. Exchange of Gases 2. Transpiration

24. GUARD CELLS: Kidney shaped cells which covers stomatal pore and also contains chloroplast. ROLE OF GUARD CELL: Regulate the closing and opening of stomata. Closing and opening of Stomata: When water enters- guard cell swells and stomata opens. When water loss- guard cell shrinks and stomata closes.

25. #Q. What are the necessary conditions for photosynthesis, and what are its by products? Topic : Nutrition in Plants [NCERT]

26. #Q. A student was asked to write a stepwise procedure to demonstrate that carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis. He wrote the following steps. The wrongly worded step is: [CBSE-Term-1,2021] Topic : Nutrition in Plants Both potted plants are kept in dark room for at least three days. Bottom of the bell jars is sealed to make them air tight. Both potted plants are kept in sunlight after the starch test. A leaf from both the plants is taken to test the presence of starch. A B C D

27. A B C D #Q. Five types of cell found in the leaf of a green plant are given below. [NSTSE 2022] ( i ) Xylem Tissue (ii) Guard cells (iii) Epidermal cells (not including guard cells) (iv) Palisade mesophyll cells (v) Spongy mesophyll cells Topic : Nutrition in Plants ( i ) and (ii) (iv) and (v) (ii), (iv) and (v) (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v) Which types of cells have chloroplasts ?

28. A B C D #Q. Study the flow chart below. Topic : Nutrition in Plants Q - Oxygen; R - Water; S - Sugar; T – Carbon dioxide Q - Oxygen; R - Sugar; S - Water; T – Carbon dioxide - Carbon dioxide; - Water; - Sugar; – Oxygen Q - Carbon dioxide; R - Sugar; S - Water; T - Oxygen   Which one of the following correctly represents Q, R, S and T ? Plants Photosynthesis Substances Q & R Substances S & T Carry out Which converts into

29. carbon dioxide and water chlorophyll sunlight all of the above A B C D #Q. The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires: Topic : Nutrition in Plants

30. Topic : Nutrition in Animals Process of taking and utilisation of nutrients. Breakdown of nutrients into much smaller molecules and their absorption. Nutrients Carbohydrates fats Minerals Proteins Vitamins Water

31. Mode of Nutrition in Single-Celled Organism- Amoeba It is a unicellular organism and thus, there are no specific organs to perform different functions. It does not possess a definite shape. Nutrition in Amoeba takes place in the following manner : ( i ) Ingestion : Intake of food in Amoeba occurs by temporary finger-like extensions of cell surface called pseudopodia which fuse over the food particle forming a food vacuole. (ii) Digestion : Inside the food vacuole, complex substances are broken down into simpler ones. This is called intracellular digestion (digestion within the cell). (iii) Absorption : The digested food then diffuses into the cytoplasm. (iv) Assimilation : The absorbed food is utilised to meet the energy requirements of Amoeba . (v) Egestion : The remaining undigested material is moved to the surface and thrown out of the cell. Topic : Nutrition in Animals

32. Topic : Nutrition in Paramecium Cilia Pellicle Oral Groove ( Vestibulum ) Buccal Apperture Cell Mouth ( Cylostome ) Anal pore ( Cytopyge ) Contractile Vacuole Radiating canals Macronucleus Micronucleus Cytoplasm Food vacuoles

33. Mode of Nutrition in Single-Celled Organism- Paramecium Paramecium has a definite shape. In it the food is ingested by a definite cell mouth or cytostome lying at the bottom of the buccal cavity. The food is moved to this spot by the movement of cilia which cover the entire surface of the cell. Ingested food is digested in food vacuole and the undigested food is egested from the cytopyge (or anal spot).

34. #Q. Explain with the help of neat and well labelled diagrams the different steps involved in nutrition in Amoeba. [CBSE Term I, 2015] Topic : Nutrition in Amoeba

35. absorb food in better manner. digest cellulose present in the food. assimilate food in a better way. absorb large amount of water. A B C D #Q. Cows has a special stomach as compared to that of a lion in order to: Topic : Nutrition in Animals

36. Topic-Nutrition in Human Beings DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ALIMENTARY CANAL MOUTH OESOPHAGUS STOMACH SMALL INTESTINE LARGE INTESTINE ANUS ASSOSCIATED GLANDS SALIVARY GLANDS LIVER PANCREAS Actual digestion takes place Facilitate in digestion

37. Alimentary Canal: Muscular tube extend from anterior mouth to posterior anus. 1. MOUTH (Buccal cavity/ oral cavity) palate: roof of mouth which separates air channel from food channel. A. TEETH : 4 types (i) Incisors --------- Cutting (Helps in mastication of food ) (ii) Canines -------- Tearing (iii) Pre molars ----- Grinding (iv) Molars --------- Grinding

38. Teeth Formula One side, Upper One side, Lower Incisors Canines Premolars Molars   MILK TEETH: (Deciduous Teeth) 20 in number PERMANENT TEETH: 32 in number DENTAL FORMULA : ( MILK TEETH) (PERMANENT TEETH)

39. DENTAL CARIES: Softening of dentine and enamel. bacteria produce acids which demineralises enamel. bunch of bacteria with food stick to teeth and make dental plaque. 2. TONGUE: Mixing of saliva with chewed food. Swallowing of food. Taste buds present on surface called lingual papillae.

40. 3. PHARYNX: Y shaped Common passage for air and food. Epiglottis- prevents food from entering into the wind pipe.

41. 4. OESOPHAGUS: It leads food from buccal cavity to stomach. No digestion takes place here. PERISTALTIC MOVEMENT: Contraction and expansion of muscular walls of oesophagus . It helps in pushing of food into the stomach. Area of Contraction Area of Relaxation

42. 5. STOMACH: J shaped structure Stores food for 4-5 hours. LOCATION: left upper part of abdomen. Walls of stomach contains gastric glands which secrets gastric juice. THREE PARTS: Fundus, Cardiac, Pyloric. Cardia Fundus Body Pylorus

43. 6. SMALL INTESTINE Longest organ of alimentary canal. Approx. 6-7 metres . Primary area for absorption of digested food ( villi supplied with blood vessels). THREE PARTS: 1. Duodenum (Proximal C shaped ) – Receives secretions from liver and pancreas. 2. Jejunum (Middle part). 3 Ileum (Distal highly coiled structure).

44. 7. LARGE INTESTINE 1.4 to 1.8 m long THREE PARTS: 1. Caecum: contains symbiotic bacteria. Vermiform Appendix is attached to it. 2. Colon: water is absorbed from undigested food. 3. Rectum: stores undigested food. Stool passes out of food through anus. Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Anus Appendix Ascending colon Cecum

45. Digestive Glands and their Functions SALIVARY GLANDS LIVER PANCREAS DIGESTIVE GLANDS

46. Digestive Glands: 1. Salivary Glands Present in Buccal cavity. 3 pairs: A. Parotid (cheeks) B. Sub-mandibular or sub-maxillary (Lower jaw) C. sub-lingual (Below Tongue) Salivary glands Parotid gland Submandibular gland Sublingual gland

47. COMPONENTS: Water, Salts, Enzymes Salivary amylase, Lysozyme (Anti-bacterial- prevents bacterial infection) 30% digestion of starch. (partial digestion of carbohydrates). CARBOHYDRATES MALTOSE Salivary amylase p H = 6.8

48. 2. GASTRIC GLANDS : Present in stomach. Secretes gastric juices. 3. Cells: ( Wall of Stomach) A. Mucus Cells : Secrete mucus B. Peptic or Chief Cells : Secrete pepsinogen C. Parietal or Oxyntic Cells : HCl (pH = 1.2-1.4) Stomach GASTRIC GLANDS IN STOMACH LINING Parietal cells (secretes HCI) Chief cells (secretes pepsinogen) Gastric mucosa (secretes gastrin)

49. FUNCTION: HCl provides acidic medium to convert pepsinogen into active pepsin. HCl pH = 1.2 (active) Pepsin Mucus protects stomach from HCl . PROTEINS PEPTONES/PEPTIDES pepsin converts proteins into simple peptones/ peptides. PEPSINOGEN PEPSIN

50. In infants, peptic cells secrete inactive pro-renin. HCl (active) RENNIN CASEIN PARACASEIN - Rennin digests casein protein of milk. PRORENNIN RENNIN (inactive) (Milk protein)

51. 3. LIVER : Largest gland of digestive system. Weight- 1.2.to 1.5 kg. Secretes bile juice into small intestine. No enzyme is present . Bile juice = (bile salts)- bilirubin and bilivirdin (Greenish yellow) Bile is produced in the liver and stored in gall bladder.

52. FUNCTION: Emulsification of fats- converts fats into small fat globules. Transforms acidic food coming from the stomach alkaline so that pancreatic enzymes can act on it. Liver ( oesophagus ) (Stomach) Common bile duct Pancreas (Small intestine) Pancreatic duct Cystic duct Gallbladder

53. 4. PANCREAS Secretes pancreatic juice into small intestine. PANCREATIC ENZYMES: Trypsinogen Chymotrypsinogen Carboxypeptidase Lipase Amylase Nuclease Trypsinogen is activated by enterokinase

54. FUNCTION: Proteins/peptones/ dipeptides proteoses Trypsin/ chymotrypsin carboxypeptidase amylase Polysaccharides disaccharides Fats diglycerides monoglycerides lipase Nucleic acids nucleotides nucleosides nuclease

55. 5. SMALL INTESTINE: Walls secrete succus entericus . Receives secretion from liver and pancreas through common hepato -pancreatic duct. Digestion completes here. Gall bladder Duct from gall bladder Common bile duct Hepato-pancreatic duct Duodenum Pancreatic duct Pancreas Ducts from liver The duct system of liver, gall bladder and pancreas

56. FUNCTION: dipeptidase Dipeptides amino acids maltase Maltose glucose + glucose lactase Lactose glucose + galactose lactase Sucrose fructose + glucose nucleotidase Nucleotides nucleosides bases + sugar nucleosidase lipase Di and monoglycerides glycerol + fatty acids

57. ABSORPTION: Villi are present in walls of small intestine. Major absorption takes place in small intestine. For fat absorption, lymph capillaries are present known as lacteals. Villi Lacteal Capillary Arteriole Venule

58. Very little absorption occurs in stomach (water, salts, alcohol). Some absorption occurs in large intestine. Absorption mainly occurs in small intestine. Small intestine is lined by epithelium which is specialised to absorb. It has mechanism to increase its absorbing surface area several times with the help of: Villi : They are transverse folds of intestinal wall that not only increase surface area but also reach deep into the lumen of intestine for absorption of digested food. Villi possess blood capillaries and lacteals (lymph vessels) for quick transport of absorbed food. Microvilli : Columnar cells of the intestinal epithelium have fine microscopic outgrowths called microvilli , which further increase the surface area of epithelial cells. Products absorbed into the blood capillaries of the villi are amino acids and monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose ). Products absorbed into the lacteals (lymph vessels) of the villi are fatty acids and glycerol. ABSORPTION

59. ASSIMILATION It is the incorporation of the absorbed food materials into the cells. The surplus amino acid gets de- aminated in the liver by separation of amino group (NH 2 ). The amino group along with CO 2 is converted to urea and is excreted in the form of urine. Others are released into cells of body and transformed into proteins. Glucose is utilized for energy production. Excess of glucose is stored in liver and muscle cells in form of glycogen and rest is released to the body cells. This stored glycogen will be used first by a starving human. Excess fats are stored in liver, muscles and adipose tissue.

60. The undigested and unabsorbed food then enters the large intestine. Colon absorb the water and salts from the undigested food material. The undigested semi solid waste that passes into the rectum is called faeces . It is then removed through the anus at intervals by a process called Egestion or Defaecation . E.coli bacteria found in colon synthesize vitamin B1, B2, K. EGESTION :

61. Enzyme Produced In Site of Release pH Level Action CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION Salivary amylase Salivary glands Buccal cavity Nearly Neutral Starch Maltose + Dextrin Pancreatic amylase Pancreas Small intestine Basic Starch Maltose + Dextrin Maltase Intestinal glands Small intestine Basic Maltose Glucose + Glucose PROTEIN DIGESTION Pepsin Gastric glands Stomach Acidic Proteins Peptides + Proteoses Trypsin Pancreas Small intestine Basic Proteins Peptides Peptidases and Dipeptidases Intestinal glands Small intestine Basic Peptides Dipeptides + Amino acids FAT DIGESTION Pancreatic Lipase Pancreas Small intestine Basic Fats Fatty acids + Glycerol Intestinal Lipase Intestinal glands Small intestine Basic FatsFatty acids + glycerol

62. Which one will has longer alimentary canal ?

63. VOMITING: Ejection of stomach material through stomach. Regulated by medulla of brain. DIARRHOEA: Abnormal frequency of bowel movement and increased liquidity of faecal discharge. JAUNDICE: Liver is affected, eyes and skin gets yellow due to deposition of bile pigments. CONSTIPATION: Faeces are retained within rectum. Topic : Disorders of Digestive System

64. 1. KWASHIORKOR: due to protein deficiency via calorie deficiency. Develop due to replacement of mother’s milk by a high calorie- low protein diet in a child more than one year in age . 2. MARASMUS: produced by a simultaneous deficiency of proteins and calories. Found in infants less than one year in age . If mother’s milk is replaced too early by other foods which are poor in both proteins and caloric value. Topic : Disorder of Nutritional Deficiency

65. mucus cells peptic or chief cells parietal or oxyntic cells parotid cells A B C D #Q. Pepsinogen is secreted by : Topic : Nutrition in Human Beings

66. Pepsin Bile Trypsin Mucus A B C D #Q. Which of the following help in protecting the inner lining of the stomach from harmful effect of hydrochloric acid? Topic : Nutrition in Human Beings

67. mouth stomach oesophagus small intestine A B C D #Q. Digestion of protein starts in: Topic : Nutrition in Human Beings

68. emulsification of fats. breakdown of lipids. absorption of digested food. digestion of proteins. A B C D #Q. Villi present on the internal wall of intestine helps in: Topic : Nutrition in Human Beings

69. #Q. How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place? [NCERT] Topic : Nutrition in Human Beings

70. #Q. What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food? [NCERT] Topic : Nutrition in Human Beings

71. #Q. (a) State the form in which the following are stored: (i) Unused carbohydrates in plants. (ii) The energy derived from food in humans, (b) Describe the process of nutrition in Amoeba with the help of diagram. [Board Term I, 2016] Topic : Nutrition in Human Beings

72. #Q. Mention the raw materials required for photosynthesis. [CBSE Term I, 2016] ( Short Answer Type Questions) #Q. State the location and function of gastric glands. (Board Term I, 2014) [CBSE Term I, 2014] #Q. Name the glands present in the wall of the stomach that release secretions for digestion of food. Write the three components of secretion that are released by these glands. [CBSE Term I, 2014] #Q. (a) State the role played by the following in the process of digestion : (i) Enzyme trypsin (ii) Enzyme lipase (b) List two functions of finger-like projections present in the small intestine. [CBSE 2020] Homework (Short Answer Type Questions)

73. #Q. Explain the significance of photosynthesis. Write the balanced chemical equation involved in the process. [CBSE Term I, 2017] #Q. Differentiate between autotrophs and heterotrophs and give one example of each. [CBSE Term 1, 2017] #Q. Explain with the help of neat and well labelled diagrams the different steps involved in nutrition in Amoeba. [CBSE Term I, 2015] #Q. (a) What is peristaltic movement? (b) 'Stomata remain closed in desert plants during daytime’. How do they do photosynthesis? [CBSE Term I, 2013] Homework (Long Answer Type Questions)

74. Homework (Long Answer Type Questions) #Q. (a) Why is there a difference in the rate of breathing between aquatic organisms and terrestrial organisms? Explain. (b) Draw a diagram of human respiratory system and label - pharynx, trachea, lungs, diaphragm and alveolar sac on it. OR (a) Name the organs that form the excretory system in human beings. (b) Describe in brief how urine is produced in human body. [CBSE-Term-1,2020] #Q. How is the small intestine designed to absorb digested food? [NCERT]

75. #Q. What criteria do we use to decide whether something is alive? [NCERT] #Q. What processes would you consider essential for maintaining life? [NCERT] #Q. What are the differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic [NCERT] #Q. Where do plants get each of the raw materials required for photosynthesis? [NCERT] #Q. What is the role of the acid in our stomach? [NCERT] #Q. What is the function of digestive enzymes? [NCERT] Homework

76. A B C D They synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. They store carbohydrates in the form of starch. They convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates in the absence of sunlight. They constitute the first trophic level in food chains. #Q. Which of the following statements about the autotrophs is INCORRECT? [NCERT Exemplar] Homework

77. A B C D Mushroom, Green plants, Amoeba Yeast, Mushroom, Bread mould Paramecium, Amoeba , Cuscuta Cuscuta , Lice, Tapeworm #Q. In which of the following groups of organisms, food material is broken down outside the body and absorbed? [NCERT Exemplar] Homework

78. A B C D Heterotrophs do not synthesise their own food. Heterotrophs utilise solar energy for photosynthesis. Heterotrophs synthesise their own food. Heterotrophs are capable of converting carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates. #Q. Select the CORRECT statement. [NCERT Exemplar] Homework

79. A B C D Mouth → stomach → small intestine → oesophagus → large intestine. Mouth → oesophagus → stomach → large intestine → small intestine. Mouth → stomach → oesophagus → small intestine → large intestine. Mouth → oesophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine. #Q. Which is the correct sequence of parts in human alimentary canal? [NCERT Exemplar] Homework

80. A B C D Proteins breaking down into amino acids. Starch breaking down into sugars. Fats breaking down into fatty acids and glycerol. Absorption of vitamins. #Q. If salivary amylase is lacking in the saliva, which of the following events in the mouth cavity will be affected? [NCERT Exemplar] Homework

81. A B C D Pepsin Mucus Salivary amylase Bile #Q. The inner lining of stomach is protected by one of the following from hydrochloric acid. Choose the correct one [NCERT Exemplar] Homework

82. A B C D Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Oesophagus #Q. Which part of alimentary canal receives bile from the liver? [NCERT Exemplar] Homework

83. A B C D complex proteins simple proteins fats starch #Q. A few drops of iodine solution were added to rice water. The solution turned blue-black in colour . This indicates that rice water contains [NCERT Exemplar] Homework

84. A B C D Stomach Mouth cavity Large intestine Small intestine #Q. In which part of the alimentary canal food is finally digested? [NCERT Exemplar] Homework

85. A B C D trypsin digests proteins and lipase carbohydrates trypsin digests emulsified fats and lipase proteins trypsin and lipase digest fats trypsin digests proteins and lipase emulsified fats #Q. Choose the function of the pancreatic juice from the following [NCERT Exemplar] Homework

86. A B C D Pepsin Cellulase Amylase Trypsin #Q. Which is the first enzyme to mix with food in the digestive tract? [NCERT Exemplar] Homework

87. Pepsin Cellulose Amylase Trypsin A B C D Topic : Homework (Multiple Choice Questions) #Q. Which is the first enzyme to mix with food in the digestive tract? [NCERT Exemplar]

88. #Q. Name the following: (a) The process in plants that links light energy with chemical energy. (b) Organisms that can prepare their own food . (c) The cell organelle where photosynthesis occurs. (d) Cells that surround a stomatal pore. (e) Organisms that cannot prepare their own food. (f) An enzyme secreted from gastric glands in stomach that acts on proteins. [NCERT Exemplar] Topic : Homework (Short Answer Type Questions)

89. Topic : Homework (Short Answer Questions) #Q. “All plants give out oxygen during day and carbon dioxide during night”. Do you agree with this statement? Give reason. [NCERT Exemplar] #Q. How do the guard cells regulate opening and closing of stomatal pores? [NCERT Exemplar] #Q. Two green plants are kept separately in oxygen free containers, one in the dark and the other in continuous light. Which one will live longer? Give reasons. [NCERT Exemplar] Topic : Homework (Short Answer Type Questions)

90. Topic : Homework (Short Answer Questions) #Q. If a plant is releasing carbon dioxide and taking in oxygen during the day, does it mean that there is no photosynthesis occurring? Justify your answer. [NCERT Exemplar] #Q. Differentiate between an autotroph and a heterotroph . [NCERT Exemplar] #Q. Is ‘nutrition’ a necessity for an organism? Discuss. [NCERT Exemplar] Topic : Homework (Short Answer Type Questions) #Q. What would happen if green plants disappear from earth? [NCERT Exemplar] #Q. Leaves of a healthy potted plant were coated with vaseline . Will this plant remain healthy for long? Give reasons for your answer. [NCERT Exemplar]

91. Topic : Homework (Short Answer Questions) #Q. What are the adaptations of leaf for photosynthesis? [NCERT Exemplar] #Q. Why is small intestine in herbivores longer than in carnivores? [NCERT Exemplar] #Q. What will happen if mucus is not secreted by the gastric glands? [NCERT Exemplar] #Q. What is the significance of emulsification of fats? [NCERT Exemplar] #Q. Mention the major events during photosynthesis. [NCERT Exemplar] Topic : Homework (Short Answer Type Questions)

92. Topic : Homework (Short Answer Questions) #Q. What causes movement of food inside the alimentary canal? [NCERT Exemplar] #Q. Why does absorption of digested food occur mainly in the small intestine? [NCERT Exemplar] #Q. Match Group (A) with Group (B). Group A Group B (a) Autotrophic nutrition ( i ) Leech (b) Heterotrophic nutrition (ii) Paramecium (c) Parasitic nutrition (iii) Deer (d) Digestion in food vacuoles (iv) Green plant [NCERT Exemplar] Homework (Short Answer Type Questions)

93. Topic : Homework (Short Answer Questions) #Q. In each of the following situations what happens to the rate of photosynthesis? (a) Cloudy days (b) No rainfall in the area (c) Good manuring in the area (d) Stomata get blocked due to dust [NCERT Exemplar] #Q. What is common for cuscuta , ticks and leeches? [NCERT Exemplar] #Q. Name the correct substrates for the following enzymes: (a) Trypsin (b) Amylase (c) Pepsin (d) Lipase [NCERT Exemplar] Homework (Short Answer Type Questions)

94. Topic : Homework (Short Answer Questions) #Q. Explain the role of mouth in digestion of food. [NCERT Exemplar] #Q. What are the functions of gastric glands present in the wall of the stomach? [NCERT Exemplar] #Q. Match the terms in Column (A) with those in Column (B). Column (A) Column (B) (a) Trypsin ( i ) Pancreas (b) Amylase (ii) Liver (c) Bile (iii) Gastric glands (d) Pepsin (iv) Saliva [NCERT Exemplar] Homework (Short Answer Type Questions)

95. Homework (Long Answer Type Questions) #Q. Explain the process of nutrition in Amoeba. [NCERT Exemplar] #Q. Describe the alimentary canal of man. [NCERT Exemplar] #Q. Explain the importance of soil for plant growth. [NCERT Exemplar] # Q. Explain the mechanism of photosynthesis. [NCERT Exemplar]