01. common terminologies used in an sci

THESE ARE COMPILATION OF COMMON TERMINOLOGIES USED IN ANIMAL SCIENCE.

1. COMMON TERMINOLOGIES COMMON TERMINOLOGIES
USED IN ANIMAL SCIENCEUSED IN ANIMAL SCIENCE

2. ABATTOIR- slaughter house.ABATTOIR- slaughter house.

3. ABORTION- expulsion of fetus(es); ABORTION- expulsion of fetus(es);
expulsion of fully developed piglets expulsion of fully developed piglets
before the completion of pregnancy before the completion of pregnancy
and before they are able to survive.and before they are able to survive.

4. ABRASION- tear in the skin ABRASION- tear in the skin
due to friction or rubbing.due to friction or rubbing.

5. ABSCESS- localized collection of ABSCESS- localized collection of
pus.pus.

6. ACCESSIBILITY- the state or ACCESSIBILITY- the state or
quality to be reached.quality to be reached.

7. ACCLIMATIZATION- adjustment of ACCLIMATIZATION- adjustment of
the breeding pig to the conditions the breeding pig to the conditions
prevailing on the farm to which it prevailing on the farm to which it
has been introduced to enable it to has been introduced to enable it to
perform at optimum standards.perform at optimum standards.

8. ACCUMULATIVE - collective.ACCUMULATIVE - collective.

9. ACIDOSIS- a condition in which ACIDOSIS- a condition in which
the acidity of body fluids and the acidity of body fluids and
tissues is abnormally high.tissues is abnormally high.

10. ACUTE- referring to a disease ACUTE- referring to a disease
which has a rapid onset, short which has a rapid onset, short
course and pronounced signs.course and pronounced signs.

11. AGALACTIA - absence of milk; AGALACTIA - absence of milk;
failure to secrete milk following failure to secrete milk following
birth.birth.

12. ALL-IN/ALL-OUT- management ALL-IN/ALL-OUT- management
method wherein a group of fattening method wherein a group of fattening
pigs enters the unit at the same pigs enters the unit at the same
time and leaves together at a time and leaves together at a
certain period once they reach the certain period once they reach the
market or slaughter weight.market or slaughter weight.

13. ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE - ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE -
macrophage found in alveoli.macrophage found in alveoli.

14. ALVEOLI- the terminal part of the ALVEOLI- the terminal part of the
respiratory system (airway) where respiratory system (airway) where
oxygen carbon dioxide exchanges oxygen carbon dioxide exchanges
take place.take place.

15. ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK- an ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK- an
allergic reaction to an allergic reaction to an
administered drug or vaccine, administered drug or vaccine,
which may or may not kill the which may or may not kill the
animals.animals.

16. ANEMIA- reduction in the quantity ANEMIA- reduction in the quantity
of hemoglobin (oxygen-carrier in of hemoglobin (oxygen-carrier in
the blood); the main symptoms the blood); the main symptoms
are paleness, hurried breathing are paleness, hurried breathing
and low resistance to infection.and low resistance to infection.

17. Aneuploid - Has more or less than
exact number of multiple monoploid
chromosomes.

18. Animal Agriculture - Production and use of
animals for human consumption.

19. Animal Welfare Act (AWA) - Regulates the
care and treatment of animals in research
facilities, dealers, exhibits, and
transportation.

20. Animal Welfare Act (AWA) - Regulates the
care and treatment of animals in research
facilities, dealers, exhibits, and
transportation.

21. ANTIBIOTIC- a chemical ANTIBIOTIC- a chemical
substance derived from a mold or substance derived from a mold or
bacteria that inhibits the growth of bacteria that inhibits the growth of
other microorganisms.other microorganisms.

22. ANTIBODY- a protein substance ANTIBODY- a protein substance
developed or synthesized by lymphoid developed or synthesized by lymphoid
tissues of the body in response to an tissues of the body in response to an
antigenic stimulus; each antigen elicits antigenic stimulus; each antigen elicits
production of a specific antibody. In production of a specific antibody. In
disease defense, the animal must have disease defense, the animal must have
an encounter with the pathogen/antigen an encounter with the pathogen/antigen
before a specific antibody is developed before a specific antibody is developed
in its blood.in its blood.

23. ANTIGEN- a high molecular- ANTIGEN- a high molecular-
weight substance (usually a weight substance (usually a
protein) which, when foreign to protein) which, when foreign to
the bloodstream of an animal, the bloodstream of an animal,
stimulates formation of a specific stimulates formation of a specific
antibody and reacts specifically antibody and reacts specifically in in
vivovivo or or in vitroin vitro with its with its
homologous antibody.homologous antibody.

24. ANTISEPTIC- a chemical ANTISEPTIC- a chemical
substance that prevents the substance that prevents the
growth and development of growth and development of
microorganisms.microorganisms.

25. ARTHRITIS- inflammation of the ARTHRITIS- inflammation of the
joints.joints.

26. Artificial Selection - Human selection of
animals for reproducing, based on selected
traits that are desirable.

27. ASPHYXIATION- suffocation.ASPHYXIATION- suffocation.

28. ASSAY- determination of (1) the ASSAY- determination of (1) the
purity of potency of a substance, purity of potency of a substance,
or (2) the amount of any particular or (2) the amount of any particular
constituent of a mixture.constituent of a mixture.

29. ATAXIA- shaky movements and ATAXIA- shaky movements and
unsteady gaits.unsteady gaits.

30. ATONIC- uterus is not contractingATONIC- uterus is not contracting

31. ATRESIA ANI- no anal opening.ATRESIA ANI- no anal opening.

32. ATROPHY- shrinkage of a normal ATROPHY- shrinkage of a normal
organ.organ.

33. AUTOINTOXICATION – self-AUTOINTOXICATION – self-
poisoning.poisoning.

34. Autosomes - Not sex chromosomes.

35. AVERAGE DAILY GAIN (ADG)- AVERAGE DAILY GAIN (ADG)-
the average increase in weight of the average increase in weight of
an animal per day.an animal per day.

36. Avian - Bird species

37. BACTEREMIA- the presence of a BACTEREMIA- the presence of a
bacteria or microorganisms in the bacteria or microorganisms in the
blood.blood.

38. BARROW- a castrated male pig BARROW- a castrated male pig
for fattening.for fattening.

39. Biotechnology - Use of living organisms to
make or modify products. Increases
reproduction, clone sheep, increase milk
production, etc.

40. BOAR- sexually matured BOAR- sexually matured
uncastrated male pig, at least 8 uncastrated male pig, at least 8
months old.months old.

41. BODY CONSTITUTION- ability of BODY CONSTITUTION- ability of
the animal’s body to resist the animal’s body to resist
diseases.diseases.

42. BOOSTER SHOT OR DOSE- a BOOSTER SHOT OR DOSE- a
dose given at some time after an dose given at some time after an
initial dose to enhance the effect, initial dose to enhance the effect,
usually of antigens for the usually of antigens for the
production of antibodies.production of antibodies.

43. Bovine- cattle

44. Breed - Animals in same species but differ
from others within same species (Dog vs
Boxer vs Great Dane)

45. Breed Character - Physical characteristics
that differentiate between breeds (color,
size, coat type, etc.)

46. BREEDER FEED- feed for sows, BREEDER FEED- feed for sows,
gilts and boars, usually contains gilts and boars, usually contains
about 3,000kcal DE and 140g about 3,000kcal DE and 140g
protein/kg feed.protein/kg feed.

47. BREEDER MASH- feeds on a BREEDER MASH- feeds on a
mash form given to sows, boars mash form given to sows, boars
and gilts with 14% Crude Protein.and gilts with 14% Crude Protein.

48. BREEDERS- animals used for BREEDERS- animals used for
reproduction, such as sows, gilts reproduction, such as sows, gilts
and boars.and boars.

49. BRUISES- small broken blood BRUISES- small broken blood
vessels that discolor the skin, vessels that discolor the skin,
which is not broken.which is not broken.

50. BRUCELLOSIS- a chronic BRUCELLOSIS- a chronic
disease with symptoms like loss disease with symptoms like loss
of appetite, weakness, of appetite, weakness,
progressing to chronic fever and progressing to chronic fever and
swelling of lymph nodes.swelling of lymph nodes.

51. BRISKET- meat from a pig’s BRISKET- meat from a pig’s
chest.chest.

52. BULL- a mature male cattle.BULL- a mature male cattle.

53. BURROW- to make a hole.BURROW- to make a hole.

54. Canine- dog

55. Caprine- goat

56. Carrier -Animal carries a non-dominant gene
that is not expressed.

57. Centromere - Chromosome part where
spindles are attached.

58. Chromosome – rod-like bodies or molecule
containing genes of a living thing. Paired in
most cells.

59. Co-dominance - Unlike alleles located at one
loci.Neither allele is dominant.

60. CHRONIC- referring to a disease CHRONIC- referring to a disease
condition that is continuous and condition that is continuous and
long lasting.long lasting.

61. CLINICAL- referring to direct CLINICAL- referring to direct
observation.observation.

62. COLOSTRUM- the first milk COLOSTRUM- the first milk
secretion from the breast, secretion from the breast,
occurring shortly after or occurring shortly after or
sometimes before birth. It sometimes before birth. It
contains serum, white blood cells contains serum, white blood cells
and antibodies.and antibodies.

63. CONCEPTION - the act of getting CONCEPTION - the act of getting
pregnant.pregnant.

64. CONCEPTION RATE- CONCEPTION RATE-
percentage of sows that becomes percentage of sows that becomes
pregnant after service/ pregnant after service/
insemination.insemination.

65. CONGENITAL- a condition or CONGENITAL- a condition or
disease that has affected the disease that has affected the
animal since birth.animal since birth.

66. CONJUNCTIVITIS - inflammation CONJUNCTIVITIS - inflammation
of the conjunctiva manifested by of the conjunctiva manifested by
severe eye discharge.severe eye discharge.

67. CONTAGIOUS- can be easily CONTAGIOUS- can be easily
transferred.transferred.

68. CORROSIVE - gradually making CORROSIVE - gradually making
something weaker, and possibly something weaker, and possibly
destroying it.destroying it.

69. Cow- a mature female catlle

70. Cow-Calf Operation - Breeding cattle for
market. Most are cross-bred.

71. CRESOL- type of disinfectant CRESOL- type of disinfectant
used to increase solubility and used to increase solubility and
applied in 2- 4% solution.applied in 2- 4% solution.

72. CRYPTORCHIDISM- most CRYPTORCHIDISM- most
frequently encountered genital frequently encountered genital
defect of male piglets whereby the defect of male piglets whereby the
testes fail to descend from the testes fail to descend from the
abdominal cavity into the scrotum.abdominal cavity into the scrotum.

73. CRUSHING- mainly due to CRUSHING- mainly due to
crumpling.crumpling.

74. CRUSTS- a thin, hard, dry layer CRUSTS- a thin, hard, dry layer
on the surface.on the surface.

75. CULLING- the removal of CULLING- the removal of
undesirable or unproductive undesirable or unproductive
animals within the herd.animals within the herd.

76. CULLS- all CULLS- all
unwanted/unproductive animals unwanted/unproductive animals
remove from the herd.remove from the herd.

77. CUSHION- something that stops CUSHION- something that stops
one thing from hitting another one thing from hitting another
thing.thing.

78. CYANOSIS- bluish discoloration CYANOSIS- bluish discoloration
of the extremities due to of the extremities due to
circulatory disturbances.circulatory disturbances.

79. CYSTIC OVARY- an ovary which CYSTIC OVARY- an ovary which
contains an abnormal sac contains an abnormal sac
containing gas, fluid or a semi-containing gas, fluid or a semi-
solid material, with a membranous solid material, with a membranous
lining.lining.

80. DEHYDRATION- loss of body DEHYDRATION- loss of body
fluids.fluids.

81. DELIVERED/MARKET PIG- a pig DELIVERED/MARKET PIG- a pig
that has been sold for slaughter.that has been sold for slaughter.

82. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) - Complex
molecule with code of physical characteristics.

83. Dilution Gene - Affects the expression of
another color gene. Dilutes one color to
appear as another.

84. Diploid - Two sets of chromosomes.

85. DIARRHEA- fecal looseness.DIARRHEA- fecal looseness.

86. DIET/RATION- a selection or DIET/RATION- a selection or
combination of different feedstuffs combination of different feedstuffs
provided on a continuous provided on a continuous
schedule.schedule.

87. DIGESTIBLE ENERGY (DE)- DIGESTIBLE ENERGY (DE)-
gross energy minus fecal energy.gross energy minus fecal energy.

88. DILUENT- the water used to DILUENT- the water used to
dissolve a lyophilized vaccine.dissolve a lyophilized vaccine.

89. DISH- SHAPED- slightly bent or DISH- SHAPED- slightly bent or
curving.curving.

90. DRAFT- moisture.DRAFT- moisture.

91. DRESS WEIGHT - carcass DRESS WEIGHT - carcass
weight; weight after slaughtering weight; weight after slaughtering
and removal of entrails.and removal of entrails.

92. DOCILENESS- easily controlled, DOCILENESS- easily controlled,
quiet.quiet.

93. DRY PERIOD- the time interval DRY PERIOD- the time interval
from weaning to the next from weaning to the next
conception.conception.

94. DRY SOWS- unbred sows which DRY SOWS- unbred sows which
have just been weaned; non-have just been weaned; non-
pregnant sows.pregnant sows.

95. DISINFECTANT- a chemical DISINFECTANT- a chemical
capable of destroying disease-capable of destroying disease-
causing microorganisms or causing microorganisms or
parasites.parasites.

96. Diversified Farms - Multi-purpose farm:
dairy, vegetables, other livestock.

97. Domestic Animal - Thrives in environment of
close human contact. Bred over generations
to benefit humans.

98. Drylot - Do not contain grass for grazing.
Grains are used to feed dairy cattle while
they live in large pens.

99. DRYNESS - free from moisture. DRYNESS - free from moisture.

100. DUNGING AREA- where DUNGING AREA- where
fasteners are supposed to fasteners are supposed to
defecate.defecate.

101. DYSPNOEA - difficulty in DYSPNOEA - difficulty in
breathing.breathing.

102. DYSTOCIA - difficulty in DYSTOCIA - difficulty in
farrowing.farrowing.

103. EDEMA- swelling of a part or all EDEMA- swelling of a part or all
of the body due to the of the body due to the
accumulation of excess water.accumulation of excess water.

104. EDEMATOUS - a condition EDEMATOUS - a condition
wherein the area (tissue spaces) wherein the area (tissue spaces)
is filled with fluid.is filled with fluid.

105. ELECTROLYTES- a liquid ELECTROLYTES- a liquid
solution or fresh salt.solution or fresh salt.

106. EMACIATION- excessive loss of EMACIATION- excessive loss of
flesh.flesh.

107. ENERGY- vigor or power in ENERGY- vigor or power in
action.action.

108. ENTERIC- relating to or affecting ENTERIC- relating to or affecting
the intestine.the intestine.

109. ENZOOTIC- endemic; denoting a ENZOOTIC- endemic; denoting a
disease of animals which is disease of animals which is
indigenous to a certain locality.indigenous to a certain locality.

110. EPINEPHRINE - a hormone EPINEPHRINE - a hormone
responsible for the “fight or flight” responsible for the “fight or flight”
reaction.reaction.

111. Epistasis - One gene or allele affecting the
expression of another gene somewhere else
on the chromosome.

112. Equine- horse

113. Ethology - Study of animal behavior and well-
being as related to the environment.

114. ESTRUS CYCLE- the period ESTRUS CYCLE- the period
intervening between two intervening between two
successive heat periods in the successive heat periods in the
absence of pregnancy.absence of pregnancy.

115. ESTRUS PERIOD- the time ESTRUS PERIOD- the time
during which the sow will accept during which the sow will accept
the boar; also known as the heat the boar; also known as the heat
period.period.

116. ESTRUS- the period of sexual ESTRUS- the period of sexual
receptivity in females; also heat.receptivity in females; also heat.

117. EUTHANASIA - “MERCY EUTHANASIA - “MERCY
KILLING”.KILLING”.

118. EXUDATE- any fluid that has EXUDATE- any fluid that has
moved out of a tissue or its moved out of a tissue or its
capillaries, specifically because of capillaries, specifically because of
injury or inflammation.injury or inflammation.

119. FARROWING- the act of giving FARROWING- the act of giving
birth in pigs.birth in pigs.

120. Farrow-to-Finish - Breeds and raises pigs
though market weight at same location

121. Feeder Pig Operation - From weaning to
finishing to market. Separate from
mother.

122. Feline - cat

123. FARROWING CRATE- an FARROWING CRATE- an
equipment where a sow is placed equipment where a sow is placed
before farrowing till weaning to before farrowing till weaning to
avoid crushing of piglets.avoid crushing of piglets.

124. FARROWING INTERVAL- period FARROWING INTERVAL- period
from one farrowing to the next.from one farrowing to the next.

125. FATTENER- a pig raised for FATTENER- a pig raised for
pork/meat purpose; usually weight pork/meat purpose; usually weight
starts from 15-20kg.starts from 15-20kg.

126. FATTENING DAYS- the number FATTENING DAYS- the number
of days a pig stays on a farm for of days a pig stays on a farm for
fattening until marketing; the fattening until marketing; the
duration of fattening.duration of fattening.

127. FECES- dung, stool, manure, FECES- dung, stool, manure,
waste.waste.

128. FEED CONVERSION RATIO FEED CONVERSION RATIO
(FCR)- the amount of feed (FCR)- the amount of feed
needed to convert into one kg of needed to convert into one kg of
gain in weight.gain in weight.

129. FEED TROUGH- a constructed or FEED TROUGH- a constructed or
fabricated device where feeds are fabricated device where feeds are
placed for pig consumption.placed for pig consumption.

130. FEEDERS- feed containers.FEEDERS- feed containers.

131. FEEDS CONSUMED - the FEEDS CONSUMED - the
amount of feed consumed by the amount of feed consumed by the
pig.pig.

132. FEEDS GIVEN- the FEEDS GIVEN- the
amount/quantity of feed given to amount/quantity of feed given to
the pig.the pig.

133. FEEDSTUFF- any material FEEDSTUFF- any material
suitable for animal feed.suitable for animal feed.

134. FERTILIZATION- the process FERTILIZATION- the process
wherein the sperm cell penetrates wherein the sperm cell penetrates
the ovum. It is the union of the the ovum. It is the union of the
male and female gametes to form male and female gametes to form
a zygote.a zygote.

135. FETUS- a young organism in the FETUS- a young organism in the
uterus from the time the organs uterus from the time the organs
and systems develop until birth.and systems develop until birth.

136. FINISHER FEED- given to FINISHER FEED- given to
fattener of 60kg until market fattener of 60kg until market
weight with 14% Crude Protein.weight with 14% Crude Protein.

137. FINISHERS- pigs which are 60kg FINISHERS- pigs which are 60kg
and above.and above.

138. FLUSHING- giving of excess FLUSHING- giving of excess
amount of feeds to the gilts/sows amount of feeds to the gilts/sows
prior to breeding; usually lasts prior to breeding; usually lasts
from 3 to 10 days, or an average from 3 to 10 days, or an average
of one week (7 days).of one week (7 days).

139. FORMALDEHYDE- type of FORMALDEHYDE- type of
disinfectant which is an aqueous disinfectant which is an aqueous
solution containing about 40% solution containing about 40%
formaldehyde gas or formalin.formaldehyde gas or formalin.

140. GANGRENOUS- decayed flesh GANGRENOUS- decayed flesh
because blood has stopped because blood has stopped
flowing as a result of illness or flowing as a result of illness or
injury.injury.

141. GASTROINTESTINAL- pertaining GASTROINTESTINAL- pertaining
to the stomach and intestines.to the stomach and intestines.

142. GENOTYPE- an animal’s true GENOTYPE- an animal’s true
(genetic) make up.(genetic) make up.

143. GILT - a female pig that has not GILT - a female pig that has not
produced pigs and which has not produced pigs and which has not
reached an evident stage of reached an evident stage of
pregnancy.pregnancy.

144. GROWER MASH- feeds given to GROWER MASH- feeds given to
fatteners at 30 -35kg up to 60kg fatteners at 30 -35kg up to 60kg
with 16% Crude Protein.with 16% Crude Protein.

145. GROWERS- pigs from 30 to GROWERS- pigs from 30 to
60kg.60kg.

146. GUTTER – open pipe or channel.GUTTER – open pipe or channel.

147. HERITABILITY- characteristics of HERITABILITY- characteristics of
parent stocks which can be parent stocks which can be
passed on to their offspring.passed on to their offspring.

148. HERNIA- a protrusion of an organ HERNIA- a protrusion of an organ
or tissue out of a body cavity in or tissue out of a body cavity in
which it normally lies.which it normally lies.

149. HYBRID- the animals which HYBRID- the animals which
posses hybrid vigor or heterosis posses hybrid vigor or heterosis
resulting from the crossing of resulting from the crossing of
different breeds. Normally, these different breeds. Normally, these
animals perform better than their animals perform better than their
parents.parents.

150. HYBRID VIGOR OR HYBRID VIGOR OR
HETEROSIS- the superiority HETEROSIS- the superiority
exhibited by the crossbred exhibited by the crossbred
animals over the average of the animals over the average of the
parental breeds.parental breeds.

151. HYDRAULIC- moved or operated HYDRAULIC- moved or operated
by water pressure.by water pressure.

152. HYGIENE- the practice or HYGIENE- the practice or
measures designed to attain and measures designed to attain and
preserve health.preserve health.

153. HYPEREMIA- redness of a part of HYPEREMIA- redness of a part of
an organ, can be a part of the an organ, can be a part of the
skin, liver, etc.skin, liver, etc.

154. HYPOCALCEMIA- the presence HYPOCALCEMIA- the presence
in the blood of an abnormally low in the blood of an abnormally low
concentration of calcium.concentration of calcium.

155. HYPOGALACTIA- presence of HYPOGALACTIA- presence of
little amount of milk.little amount of milk.

156. HYPOGLYCEMIA- a deficiency of HYPOGLYCEMIA- a deficiency of
glucose in the bloodstream, glucose in the bloodstream,
causing muscular weakness and causing muscular weakness and
incoordination, mental confusion incoordination, mental confusion
and sweating.and sweating.

157. HYSTERECTOMY - surgical HYSTERECTOMY - surgical
removal of the womb.removal of the womb.

158. IMMUNITY- specific resistance of IMMUNITY- specific resistance of
an animal against a specific an animal against a specific
disease-causing organism.disease-causing organism.

159. INFANTILE- denoting conditions INFANTILE- denoting conditions
occurring in adult animals that are occurring in adult animals that are
recognizable in young ones; recognizable in young ones;
immature/undeveloped.immature/undeveloped.

160. INFECTION- a disease caused by INFECTION- a disease caused by
an organism.an organism.

161. INFECTIOUS- a disease caused INFECTIOUS- a disease caused
by an organism.by an organism.

162. INFLAMMATION - the reaction of INFLAMMATION - the reaction of
tissue to injury, characterized by tissue to injury, characterized by
redness, swelling, pain and heat. redness, swelling, pain and heat.
SwellingSwelling

163. INSEMINATION- the deposition of INSEMINATION- the deposition of
seminal fluid with in the vagina.seminal fluid with in the vagina.

164. INVOLUTION- shrinking of the INVOLUTION- shrinking of the
uterus to normal size after uterus to normal size after
farrowing.farrowing.

165. IODINE- type of disinfectant IODINE- type of disinfectant
typically used as an antiseptic.typically used as an antiseptic.

166. ISOLATE- to separate, to remove ISOLATE- to separate, to remove
sick animals from its pen.sick animals from its pen.

167. LACTATION PERIOD- the period LACTATION PERIOD- the period
from farrowing until weaning; from farrowing until weaning;
period when the sow is nursing period when the sow is nursing
the piglets.the piglets.

168. LACTATION- production of milk.LACTATION- production of milk.
LAMENESS- limping.LAMENESS- limping.

169. LARDINESS- presence of white LARDINESS- presence of white
fat in pigs for cooking.fat in pigs for cooking.

170. LATERAL RECUMBENCY- the LATERAL RECUMBENCY- the
animal lies on its side.animal lies on its side.

171. LEPTOSPIROSIS- an infectious LEPTOSPIROSIS- an infectious
disease which begins with a fever disease which begins with a fever
and may affect the liver (causing and may affect the liver (causing
jaundice) or meninges (resulting jaundice) or meninges (resulting
in meningitis).in meningitis).

172. LESIONS- disruptive changes in a LESIONS- disruptive changes in a
cell, tissue or organ.cell, tissue or organ.

173. LIBIDO- sex drive (desire to LIBIDO- sex drive (desire to
mount and mate).mount and mate).

174. LITTER INDEX- the number of LITTER INDEX- the number of
farrowing of one sow per year; farrowing of one sow per year;
also called farrowing index or litter also called farrowing index or litter
/sow/year./sow/year.

175. LITTER NUMBER- number of LITTER NUMBER- number of
farrowing/ parity.farrowing/ parity.

176. LITTER SIZE- the number of all LITTER SIZE- the number of all
piglets born in one farrowing.piglets born in one farrowing.

177. LIVE WEIGHT- the weight of all LIVE WEIGHT- the weight of all
live pigs.live pigs.

178. LOCOMOTOR - the act of moving LOCOMOTOR - the act of moving
from one place to another.from one place to another.

179. LOST DAYS- the number of days LOST DAYS- the number of days
a sow is neither pregnant nor a sow is neither pregnant nor
lactating nor dry; ideal lost days in lactating nor dry; ideal lost days in
about seven (7 ) days.about seven (7 ) days.

180. LYING AREA- where pigs LYING AREA- where pigs
sleep/rest.sleep/rest.

181. MANGE- parasite.MANGE- parasite.

182. MARKET WEIGHT- the final MARKET WEIGHT- the final
weight of a pig for weight of a pig for
slaughtering/marketing; also end slaughtering/marketing; also end
weight.weight.

183. MASTITIS - inflammation of MASTITIS - inflammation of
breast or mammary gland.breast or mammary gland.

184. MAXILLARY- relating to the MAXILLARY- relating to the
bones forming the upper jaw.bones forming the upper jaw.

185. METRITIS - inflammation of the METRITIS - inflammation of the
uterus.uterus.

186. MORBIDITY - number of animals MORBIDITY - number of animals
affected by a certain disease.affected by a certain disease.

187. MORPHOLOGY- structure of an MORPHOLOGY- structure of an
object.object.

188. MORTALITY- the number of dead MORTALITY- the number of dead
pig(s).pig(s).
MOTILITY- movement.MOTILITY- movement.

189. MUCOUS- a viscous fluid MUCOUS- a viscous fluid
secreted by the mucous secreted by the mucous
membranes in many parts of the membranes in many parts of the
body, including the mouth, body, including the mouth,
bronchial passages and gut; bronchial passages and gut;
mucous acts as protective mucous acts as protective
barriers over surfaces of the barriers over surfaces of the
membranes.membranes.

190. NASAL CAVITY- referring to the NASAL CAVITY- referring to the
nose, snout on pigs.nose, snout on pigs.

191. NECROPSY - an examination of NECROPSY - an examination of
the internal organs of a dead the internal organs of a dead
animal to determine the apparent animal to determine the apparent
cause of death.cause of death.

192. NECROSIS- death of tissue.NECROSIS- death of tissue.

193. NUTRIENTS- the chemical NUTRIENTS- the chemical
substance found in feed materials substance found in feed materials
that can be used, and are necessary that can be used, and are necessary
for the maintenance, production, and for the maintenance, production, and
health of animals; the chief classes of health of animals; the chief classes of
nutrients are carbohydrates, fats, nutrients are carbohydrates, fats,
proteins, vitamins, minerals and proteins, vitamins, minerals and
water.water.

194. NYMPHS- late larval stage.NYMPHS- late larval stage.

195. OBESITY- over fatness; OBESITY- over fatness;
excessive body condition.excessive body condition.

196. OCCLUSION- closing of a hollow OCCLUSION- closing of a hollow
organ or part.organ or part.

197. OCCUPANCY- the number of OCCUPANCY- the number of
days an animal stay in a pen.days an animal stay in a pen.

198. OLFACTORY- connected with the OLFACTORY- connected with the
sense of smell.sense of smell.

199. OPISTHOTONOS- a titanic OPISTHOTONOS- a titanic
spasm in which the spine and spasm in which the spine and
extremities are bent with extremities are bent with
convexity forward, the body convexity forward, the body
resting on the head and the heels, resting on the head and the heels,
sometimes with bulging of the sometimes with bulging of the
eyes.eyes.

200. OVER-FEEDING- giving of feeds OVER-FEEDING- giving of feeds
or ration more than the or ration more than the
requirement, may be quantitative requirement, may be quantitative
or qualitative.or qualitative.

201. OVULATION- the process of OVULATION- the process of
releasing the ova from each ripe releasing the ova from each ripe
follicle inside the ovary.follicle inside the ovary.

202. PARALYSIS- loss of power of PARALYSIS- loss of power of
voluntary movement in a muscle voluntary movement in a muscle
through injury or disease of its through injury or disease of its
nerve supply.nerve supply.

203. PARITIES- farrowing.PARITIES- farrowing.

204. PASTERN- the narrow upper part, PASTERN- the narrow upper part,
just above the hoof of the pig.just above the hoof of the pig.

205. PATHOGENIC- disease-causing.PATHOGENIC- disease-causing.

206. PATHOGENS- disease-causing PATHOGENS- disease-causing
organisms.organisms.

207. PENILE INJURIES- injuries PENILE INJURIES- injuries
affecting the penis (penile- affecting the penis (penile-
adjective form of penis).adjective form of penis).

208. PERMEABILITY- allowing water, PERMEABILITY- allowing water,
gas, etc. to pass through it.gas, etc. to pass through it.
pH- symbol for the logarithm of pH- symbol for the logarithm of
the reciprocal of the (H) ion the reciprocal of the (H) ion
concentration; a solution with pH concentration; a solution with pH
7.00 is neutral, one with a pH of 7.00 is neutral, one with a pH of
more than 7.00 is alkaline, one more than 7.00 is alkaline, one
with pH lower that 7.00 is acidic.with pH lower that 7.00 is acidic.

209. PHENOTYPE- the observable PHENOTYPE- the observable
characteristics of an animal that characteristics of an animal that
can be seen and/or measured.can be seen and/or measured.

210. PIGLETS BORN ALIVE PER PIGLETS BORN ALIVE PER
LITTER- the number of piglets LITTER- the number of piglets
born alive in one farrowing.born alive in one farrowing.

211. PLACENTA- the organ of PLACENTA- the organ of
metabolic interchange between metabolic interchange between
the fetuses and the sow.the fetuses and the sow.

212. PLAQUES- scab.PLAQUES- scab.

213. PLEURITIS- inflammation of the PLEURITIS- inflammation of the
pleura or membranous covering pleura or membranous covering
of the lungs.of the lungs.

214. PNEUMONIA- inflammation of the PNEUMONIA- inflammation of the
lungs; usually manifested by lungs; usually manifested by
coughing.coughing.

215. PREGNANCY- the period from PREGNANCY- the period from
fertilization to farrowing time; also fertilization to farrowing time; also
known as gestation.known as gestation.

216. PRE-STERTER FEED- Given to PRE-STERTER FEED- Given to
piglets at 14 to 21 days old with piglets at 14 to 21 days old with
CP 20%CP 20%

217. PROCEEDS- money obtained PROCEEDS- money obtained
from sales.from sales.

218. PRODUCTION CYCLE - the PRODUCTION CYCLE - the
period from pregnancy to another.period from pregnancy to another.

219. PROLAPSE - abnormal protrusion PROLAPSE - abnormal protrusion
of a part of organ.of a part of organ.

220. PROGENY (IES) - offspring(s).PROGENY (IES) - offspring(s).

221. PRURITUS- Itching PRURITUS- Itching

222. PSEUDOPREGNANCY- false PSEUDOPREGNANCY- false
pregnancy.pregnancy.

223. PUBERTY- the age at which the PUBERTY- the age at which the
reproductive organs become reproductive organs become
functionally operative; sexual functionally operative; sexual
maturity.maturity.

224. QUARANTINE- placing all animals QUARANTINE- placing all animals
that have been bought in isolation for that have been bought in isolation for
a certain period of time; compulsory a certain period of time; compulsory
segregation of exposed susceptible segregation of exposed susceptible
animals for a period of time equal to animals for a period of time equal to
the longest usual incubation period of the longest usual incubation period of
the disease to which they have been the disease to which they have been
exposed.exposed.

225. REARED PIGLETS PER SOW REARED PIGLETS PER SOW
PER YEAR- the number of piglets PER YEAR- the number of piglets
reared.reared.

226. REARING REARING
BOARS/REPLACEMENT BOARS/REPLACEMENT
BOARS- male pigs primarily BOARS- male pigs primarily
raised for breeding purposes.raised for breeding purposes.

227. REARING REARING
GILTS/REPLACEMENT GILTS- GILTS/REPLACEMENT GILTS-
female pigs primarily raised for female pigs primarily raised for
breeding purposes.breeding purposes.

228. RECESSIVE GENE- of a RECESSIVE GENE- of a
character possessed by one character possessed by one
parent in which in a hybrid is parent in which in a hybrid is
masked by the corresponding masked by the corresponding
alternative or dominant character alternative or dominant character
derived from the other parent.derived from the other parent.

229. RECUMBENT- not able to stand; RECUMBENT- not able to stand;
too weak to stand.too weak to stand.

230. RECURRENT- happening or RECURRENT- happening or
appearing repeatedly.appearing repeatedly.

231. REPEATERS- served/ bred sows REPEATERS- served/ bred sows
coming back into heat after failing coming back into heat after failing
to conceive.to conceive.

232. REPRODUCTION- the total REPRODUCTION- the total
process by which pigs produce off process by which pigs produce off
springs.springs.

233. RETARDATION- slowing up of a RETARDATION- slowing up of a
process.process.

234. RHINITIS - inflammation of the RHINITIS - inflammation of the
turbinate.turbinate.

235. RUDIMENTARY- simple.RUDIMENTARY- simple.

236. RUNT- a piglet of small size RUNT- a piglet of small size
compared to its littermates.compared to its littermates.

237. SALMONELLA- pathogenic, SALMONELLA- pathogenic,
diarrhea- producing organisms of diarrhea- producing organisms of
which there are over 100 known which there are over 100 known
strains, sometimes present in strains, sometimes present in
contaminated feeds.contaminated feeds.

238. SANITATION - provisions of SANITATION - provisions of
means whereby health is means whereby health is
protected or arrangements for protected or arrangements for
disposal of manure/ waste.disposal of manure/ waste.

239. SCOUR- fecal looseness; SCOUR- fecal looseness;
diarrheadiarrhea

240. SELECTION CRITERIA- standard SELECTION CRITERIA- standard
parameters to be seen in future parameters to be seen in future
breeders (physical and breeders (physical and
reproductive traits or reproductive traits or
characteristics) that should be characteristics) that should be
met.met.

241. SELF-FEEDER - feeding device SELF-FEEDER - feeding device
used for ad-libitum feeding used for ad-libitum feeding
practice.practice.

242. SEROLOGY- a term used in SEROLOGY- a term used in
laboratory diagnosis where serum laboratory diagnosis where serum
is checked for the presence of is checked for the presence of
antibodies, antigens, which would antibodies, antigens, which would
indicate presence of a specific indicate presence of a specific
disease.disease.

243. SERUM - the colorless fluid SERUM - the colorless fluid
portion of the blood remaining portion of the blood remaining
after clotting and removal of after clotting and removal of
corpuscles. It differs from plasma corpuscles. It differs from plasma
in that, the fibrinogen has been in that, the fibrinogen has been
removed.removed.

244. SERVICE- the act of breeding.SERVICE- the act of breeding.

245. SHEDDING- the passing off, or SHEDDING- the passing off, or
emission of organisms from the emission of organisms from the
animals.animals.

246. SHRINKAGE - weight loss.SHRINKAGE - weight loss.

247. SLAT- a thin or narrow piece of SLAT- a thin or narrow piece of
wood, metal, iron, etc. used for wood, metal, iron, etc. used for
flooring in the pens.flooring in the pens.

248. SNOUT- long nose of the pig.SNOUT- long nose of the pig.

249. SOW- a mature female pig which SOW- a mature female pig which
have been served; served female have been served; served female
pigs, bred to produce piglets.pigs, bred to produce piglets.

250. SPASM- an involuntary muscular SPASM- an involuntary muscular
contraction; if painful, usually contraction; if painful, usually
referred to as a cramp, if violent, a referred to as a cramp, if violent, a
convulsion.convulsion.

251. SPASTICITY - muscle tremor or SPASTICITY - muscle tremor or
spasm.spasm.

252. STALE - not fresh.STALE - not fresh.

253. STARTER FEED- given to piglets STARTER FEED- given to piglets
and weaners; usually at 45 days and weaners; usually at 45 days
(10kg) to 100 days old (30-35kg) (10kg) to 100 days old (30-35kg)
with 18% Crude Protein.with 18% Crude Protein.

254. STARTERS- pigs from 15- to 30 STARTERS- pigs from 15- to 30
kg.kg.

255. STARTING WEIGHT- initial STARTING WEIGHT- initial
weight.weight.

256. STERILITY- incapacity or inability STERILITY- incapacity or inability
to reproduce.to reproduce.

257. STERNAL RECUMBENCY- the STERNAL RECUMBENCY- the
animal lies on its chest.animal lies on its chest.

258. STERNAL- referring to the STERNAL- referring to the
sternum or chest area.sternum or chest area.

259. STILL BORN- a fully developed STILL BORN- a fully developed
piglet which was born dead; still piglet which was born dead; still
birth.birth.

260. STOCK PROJECTION SHEET- STOCK PROJECTION SHEET-
worksheet which allows a pig worksheet which allows a pig
raiser to program and plan the raiser to program and plan the
number of gilts and boars to be number of gilts and boars to be
purchased and mated at any purchased and mated at any
given time in order to achieve the given time in order to achieve the
targeted population in a pig with a targeted population in a pig with a
specified level of production.specified level of production.

261. STRAINS - a group of organisms STRAINS - a group of organisms
having special properties having special properties
distinguishing them from the other distinguishing them from the other
members of the same species.members of the same species.

262. STRAY- to leave the place.STRAY- to leave the place.

263. SYSTEMIC- affecting the body as SYSTEMIC- affecting the body as
a whole rather than individual a whole rather than individual
parts/ organ.parts/ organ.

264. TECHNICAL PARAMETERS- TECHNICAL PARAMETERS-
monitoring data which will enable monitoring data which will enable
the pig raiser to have a clear the pig raiser to have a clear
understanding on the farm results understanding on the farm results
and the status of the farm and the status of the farm
performance. performance.

265. TEMPERAMENT - disposition.TEMPERAMENT - disposition.

266. TETANY - spasm and twisting of TETANY - spasm and twisting of
the muscles, particularly those of the muscles, particularly those of
the face, hand and feet.the face, hand and feet.

267. TETHERED- tied to a post or tree. TETHERED- tied to a post or tree.

268. TOXEMIA - a condition where TOXEMIA - a condition where
blood contains poisonous blood contains poisonous
products produced by the body products produced by the body
cells from microorganisms.cells from microorganisms.

269. TOXIN - poison.TOXIN - poison.

270. UDDER- composed of the teats UDDER- composed of the teats
and mammary glands.and mammary glands.

271. ULCERS- wound in the stomach ULCERS- wound in the stomach
or any hallowed organs.or any hallowed organs.

272. URINE- a fluid form in the kidneys URINE- a fluid form in the kidneys
and excreted through the urinary and excreted through the urinary
glands.glands.

273. UTERUS- the part of the female UTERUS- the part of the female
reproductive tract where the reproductive tract where the
embryo is implanted to become a embryo is implanted to become a
fully mature piglet ready for fully mature piglet ready for
expulsion.expulsion.

274. VACCINATION- an injection of VACCINATION- an injection of
vaccine, bacterin, antiserum or vaccine, bacterin, antiserum or
antitoxin to produce immunity or antitoxin to produce immunity or
tolerance to disease.tolerance to disease.

275. VACCINE- a suspension of killed VACCINE- a suspension of killed
microorganisms (bacteria, microorganisms (bacteria,
viruses) administered for the viruses) administered for the
prevention of infectious diseases.prevention of infectious diseases.

276. VENTILATION - system of VENTILATION - system of
ensuring fresh air inside the ensuring fresh air inside the
building.building.

277. VERMIN- small animals or kinds VERMIN- small animals or kinds
that destroy crops, feeds, etc. and that destroy crops, feeds, etc. and
are difficult to control.are difficult to control.

278. VIREMIA - presence of virus in VIREMIA - presence of virus in
the blood.the blood.

279. VIRUS – one of a group of minute VIRUS – one of a group of minute
infectious agents.infectious agents.

280. VULVA- the external genitalia of VULVA- the external genitalia of
the female.the female.

281. WATERERS - drinkers.WATERERS - drinkers.

282. WEANED PIGLETS PER SOW WEANED PIGLETS PER SOW
PER YEAR – the average number PER YEAR – the average number
of piglets weaned from the one of piglets weaned from the one
sow for one year.sow for one year.

283. WEANER- a pig which has been WEANER- a pig which has been
separated from its mother to separated from its mother to
become a fully mature piglet.become a fully mature piglet.

284. WEIGHT GAIN- the added weight WEIGHT GAIN- the added weight
of a fattener from one period to of a fattener from one period to
another.another.

285. WITHERS- the highest part of the WITHERS- the highest part of the
pig’s back, above its shoulders.pig’s back, above its shoulders.

286. ZOONOTIC DISEASES - ZOONOTIC DISEASES -
diseases and infections that are diseases and infections that are
naturally transmitted from animal naturally transmitted from animal
to man.to man.